scholarly journals Affective Dynamics Across Internalizing and Externalizing Dimensions of Psychopathology

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 412-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lori N. Scott ◽  
Sarah E. Victor ◽  
Erin A. Kaufman ◽  
Joseph E. Beeney ◽  
Amy L. Byrd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Externalizing Disorders ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Affective States ◽  
Dynamic Features ◽  
Clinical Interviews ◽  
Assessment Protocol ◽  
Urban Sample ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing

Little is known about pathogenic affective processes that cut across diverse mental disorders. We examine how dynamic features of positive and negative affect differ or converge across internalizing and externalizing disorders in a diagnostically diverse urban sample using bivariate dynamic structural equation modeling. One-hundred fifty-six young women completed semistructured clinical interviews and a 21-day ecological momentary assessment protocol with seven assessments of affective states per day. Internalizing and externalizing dimensions of psychopathology were modeled using confirmatory factor analysis of mental disorders. After controlling for externalizing disorders, internalizing disorders were associated with higher negative affective mean intensity, higher negative affective variability (i.e., unique innovation variance), and lower positive affective variability. Conversely, externalizing disorders were associated with less persistent positive affect (i.e., lower inertia) and more variable positive emotionality. Results suggest internalizing and externalizing disorders have distinct affective dynamic signatures, which have implications for development of tailored interventions.

Satisfaction and Performance of the International Faculty: To What Extent Emotional Reactions and Conflict Matter?

SAGE Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 215824402110305
Author(s):  
Majid Ghasemy ◽  
Farhah Muhammad ◽  
Jamshid Jamali ◽  
José Luis Roldán
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Job Performance ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Interpersonal Conflict ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Affective States ◽  
International Faculty ◽  
Mediating Role

Guided by affective events theory (AET), our inquiry aims at examining the relationships among affective work events, affective states, affect-driven behaviors, and attitudes of international faculty working in the Malaysian institutions of higher learning. Specifically, the impacts of interpersonal conflict, as a work event, on international faculty’s affective states were in focus. In addition, the mediating role of job performance, as an affect-driven behavior, on the relationship between affective states and job satisfaction, as an attitude, was examined. Data were collected from 152 respondents and partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was applied to estimate the proposed theoretical model. Our model was examined from an explanatory-predictive perspective and exhibited a high level of out-of-sample predictive power. In addition, the results of the analysis highlighted the role of interpersonal conflict in causing affective states and affective states in causing job satisfaction. However, empirical evidence was not provided for the mediating role of job performance within the proposed model. Finally, given the fluctuating nature of the affective states, a robustness check verified the nonlinear relationship between positive affect and job performance. Implications of the findings, limitations, and recommendations were elaborated.

scholarly journals Depressive symptoms and web user experience

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e4439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meinald T. Thielsch ◽  
Carolin Thielsch
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
User Experience ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Drop Out ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Subjective Perception ◽  
Depression Severity ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
The Impact

Background Depression, as one of the most prevalent mental disorders, is expected to become a leading cause of disability. While evidence-based treatments are not always easily accessible, Internet-based information and self-help appears as a promising approach to improve the strained supply situation by avoiding barriers of traditional offline treatment. User experience in the domain of mental problems therefore emerges as an important research topic. The aim of our study is to investigate the impact of depressive symptoms on subjective and objective measures of web user experience. Method In this two-part online study (Ntotal = 721) we investigate the relationship between depressive symptoms of web users and basic website characteristics (i.e., content, subjective and objective usability, aesthetics). Participants completed search and memory tasks on different fully-functional websites. In addition, they were asked to evaluate the given websites with standardized measures and were screened for symptoms of depression using the PHQ-9. We used structural equation modeling (SEM) to determine whether depression severity affects users’ perception of and performance in using information websites. Results We found significant associations between depressive symptoms and subjective user experience, specifically of website content, usability, and aesthetics, as well as an effect of content perception on the overall appraisal of a website in terms of the intention to visit it again. Small yet significant negative effects of depression severity on all named subjective website evaluations were revealed, leading to an indirect negative effect on the intention to revisit a website via impaired content perceptions. However, objective task performance was not influenced by depressiveness of users. Discussion Depression emerges as capable of altering the subjective perception of a website to some extend with respect to the main features content, usability, and aesthetics. The user experience of a website is crucial, especially as it facilitates revisiting a website and thus might be relevant in avoiding drop-out in online interventions. Thus, the biased impression of persons affected by symptoms of depression and resulting needs of those users should be considered when designing and evaluating E-(Mental)-Health-platforms. The high prevalence of some mental disorders such as depression in the general population stresses the need for further investigations of the found effects.

scholarly journals Neuropsychological deficits in internalizing and externalizing disorders

Psychologica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-92
Author(s):  
Daniel Rama-Victor ◽  
Jose A. Piqueras
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Cognitive Strategies ◽  
Externalizing Disorders ◽  
Neuropsychological Deficits ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Empirically Supported ◽  
Assessment And Treatment ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing

Over the past three decades, our understanding of the nature, assessment and treatment of childhood mental disorders has increased significantly. Some of the most recent advances come from transdiagnostic and neuropsychological-based approaches. While the relationship of similar neuropsychological deficits with some mental disorders, such as neurodevelopmental and severe mental disorders like schizophrenia or bipolar disorder, is widely established, there is more controversy about their relationship with the so-called internalizing and externalizing disorders. In this article, our goal was to highlight the potential of incorporating cognitive strategies from integrative neuropsychological and transdiagnostic approaches to improve the effectiveness of empirically-supported cognitive-behavioral therapy for internalizing and externalizing mental disorders in childhood and adolescence. The results of the present work indicate that the vast majority of internalizing disorders, including the presence of anxiety, depressive, trauma-and stress-related, and obsessive-compulsive and related disorders, as well as externalizing symptoms (corresponding to conduct disorder and ODD), present neuropsychological deficits and that their consideration may be relevant to improve the effectiveness of psychotherapeutic interventions in children and adolescents by incorporating neuropsychology-based assessment and treatment tools. The inclusion of neuropsychological support strategies in therapy for childhood mental disorders implies an advance and has clear implications for the enhancement of psychological care for childhood mental disorders.

scholarly journals Dynamic features of affect and interpersonal behavior in relation to general and specific personality pathology

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Whitney R. Ringwald ◽  
Christopher James Hopwood ◽  
Paul A. Pilkonis ◽  
Aidan G.C. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Interpersonal Behavior ◽  
Personality Pathology ◽  
Multilevel Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Dynamic Features ◽  
Student Sample ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Characteristic Style

A model of personality pathology including both general and specific components distinguishes severity of personality dysfunction from the characteristic style of its expression. Whether and how general and specific features of personality pathology relate to momentary dynamics of affect and interpersonal behavior remain open questions. We explored these questions in a student sample (N=294) and pre-registered replication in a community sample (N=311). Ecological momentary assessment was used to measure affect, dominance, and warmth of self and other during interpersonal interactions. We examined one’s average affect and behavior and of one’s perception of the other’s behavior, and variability in these constructs. Associations between interpersonal patterns and personality pathology were estimated using multilevel structural equation modeling in each sample separately and in the pooled dataset. Results support the potential clinical impact of empirical models by demonstrating the structural independence of general and specific features, along with relationships to theoretically meaningful interpersonal behavior.

A Meta-Structural Model of Common Clinical Disorder and Personality Disorder Symptoms

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher C. Conway ◽  
Robert D. Latzman ◽  
Robert F. Krueger
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Emotional Disorders ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Research Assessment ◽  
Clinical Disorder ◽  
Common Framework

A large and consistent research literature demonstrates the superiority of dimensional models of mental disorder. Factor analytic research has mapped the latent dimensions underlying separate sets of mental disorders (e.g., emotional disorders), but a common framework—unencumbered by arbitrary historical boundaries between disorder groups—requires additional research. Using empirically derived measures of three key domains of psychopathological variation, the overarching goal of the current study was to explicate dimensions connecting internalizing, externalizing, and personality disorders. Participants included 1,144 racially diverse undergraduates. Exploratory structural equation modeling analyses revealed seven latent dimensions: core internalizing, core externalizing, antagonism, impulsivity, dutifulness, detachment, and suspiciousness. This meta-structure reflects a more comprehensive model of the architecture of mental disorders than accounts derived from less inclusive assessment batteries. Future empirical work is needed to evaluate the utility of this structural model in etiological research, assessment, and treatment arenas.

scholarly journals Momentary interpersonal processes of suicidal surges in borderline personality disorder

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Kaurin ◽  
Alexandre Y. Dombrovski ◽  
Michael N. Hallquist ◽  
Aidan G. C. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Interpersonal Processes ◽  
Interpersonal Perceptions ◽  
Affective Dysregulation ◽  
Assessment Protocol ◽  
Suicidal Crisis

Abstract Background Suicide rates are high in borderline personality disorder (BPD) where interpersonal problems trigger intense affective dysregulation and impulses to act on suicidal thoughts. To date, however, no study has examined how interpersonal stressors contribute to momentary within-person links among affect and impulsivity with suicidal ideation (SI), and how those links vary over time in people's daily lives. Methods A total of 153 individuals diagnosed with BPD and 52 healthy controls completed a 21-day ecological momentary assessment protocol. Of these 153 individuals with BPD, 105 had a history of suicide attempts. Multilevel structural equation modeling was used to examine dynamic links among interpersonal perceptions, affect, state impulsivity, and suicidal intent. Results Aggregated across interactions, lower perceived warmth in others was associated with SI. This direct relationship, however, did not extend to momentary within-person associations. Instead, interpersonal conflicts were linked to SI indirectly via greater negative affect and lower positive affect. While a robust within-person link between interpersonal perceptions and impulsivity emerged, impulsivity did not account for the relationship between interpersonal perceptions and SI. Conclusion This intensive longitudinal study illustrates momentary interpersonal signatures of an emerging suicidal crisis. Among people with BPD at high risk for suicide, interpersonal triggers initiate a cascade of affective dysregulation, which in turn gives rise to SI.

scholarly journals Formal-dynamic characteristics of individuality in relation to the manifestations of the value-semantic sphere of personality*

2020 ◽  
pp. 76-91
Author(s):  
Alexey Yu. Kalugin ◽  
◽  
Aleksandr A. Vikhman ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Characteristics ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Dynamic Features ◽  
Emotional Instability ◽  
Main Hypothesis ◽  
Gender Invariance ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
High Consistency ◽  
Invariance Test

The article discusses the relationship between the formal-dynamic characteristics of individuality and the properties of the value-semantic sphere of personality. It is suggested that in case of detecting such an interrelationship, it may be the evidence in favor of the subject’s desire to harmonize their own individuality and to make the interaction of its multilevel characteristics consistent. A research sample consisted of 463 people, including 219 girls and 244 young men aged 15 to 24 (M = 18.9; SD = 2.0). Based on a wide range of methods aimed at studying temperament traits, values and meanings, the authors identified generalized formal-dynamic characteristics of individuality. They are emotional stability – emotional instability, extraversion – introversion, psychoticism – superego strength, formal-dynamic features of intelligence, psychomotor endurance. Likewise, generalized indicators of the value-semantic sphere of personality, i.e. value-based orientations and life-purpose orientations, were detected. For this purpose, the following statistical methods were used: exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM). A close interdependence between the indicators of temperament and the value-semantic sphere of personality was found. To study the level of stability of the detected structure, a gender invariance test was carried out, which showed high consistency of the structure in male and female samples. The main hypothesis of the study was confirmed.

scholarly journals The Effects of Parenting Styles on Internalizing and Externalizing Behaviors: A Mexican Preadolescents Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime Fuentes-Balderrama ◽  
Cinthia Cruz del Castillo ◽  
Angélica Ojeda García ◽  
Rolando Díaz Loving ◽  
Bernardo Turnbull Plaza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Problem Behaviors ◽  
Parenting Styles ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Psychological Control ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Parental Practice ◽  
Inconsistent Discipline ◽  
Externalizing Problem ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing

Parental practices such as inconsistent discipline, psychological control, and imposition have been linked to the development of internalizing and externalizing problem behaviors in preadolescents. This study aimed to identify the association these practices had on Mexican preadolescent problem behaviors through Structural Equation Modeling. The sample consisted of 306 elementary students from three public schools in Mexico City (age M = 10, SD = 0.92). Students completed subscales from the Parental Practice Scale, the Alabama Parenting Questionnaire, and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Paternal imposition and maternal psychological control were significant predictors for internalizing problems, while inconsistent discipline was a significant predictor of externalizing problems. The results highlight that although parental practicevalues might differ across cultures, their association to problem behaviors are similar.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document