A Person-Centered Analysis of Craving in Smoking-Cue-Exposure Research

2021 ◽  
pp. 216770262110326
Author(s):  
Michael A. Sayette ◽  
Madeline E. Goodwin ◽  
Kasey G. Creswell ◽  
Hannah J. Esmacher ◽  
John D. Dimoff
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Cue Reactivity ◽  
Powerful Method ◽  
Cue Exposure ◽  
Addiction Theory ◽  
Meta Analyses

Smoking-cue-exposure research offers a powerful method to examine craving, test new interventions, and identify at-risk smokers. Meta-analyses consistently show smoking-cue exposure increases craving levels. By focusing on mean levels, however, investigators fail to consider person-centered analyses addressing the percentage of smokers responding to cue exposure with increased urge. We conducted preregistered analyses of the percentages of 672 nicotine-deprived daily smokers (pooled from seven studies) who reported target levels of urge before and during smoking-cue exposure. Sixty-nine percent of smokers increased their ratings during cue exposure. Note that 31% of nonresponders reported a maximal urge before cue exposure, which precluded their classification as a responder using traditional cue-reactivity analyses and suggests that traditional analyses underreport cue-reactivity effects. An alternative, peak-provoked-craving analysis revealed the effectiveness of cue exposure to generate potent urges (more than three quarters of the sample reported at least 70% of scale maximum). Further research integrating person-centered analyses into the craving literature promises to advance addiction theory and research.

Reporting Quality in Math Meta-Analyses for Students with or at Risk of Disabilities

2021 ◽  
pp. 001440292110508
Author(s):  
Gena Nelson ◽  
Soyoung Park ◽  
Tasia Brafford ◽  
Nicole A. Heller ◽  
Angela R. Crawford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Students With Disabilities ◽  
Reporting Quality ◽  
Quality Of Reporting ◽  
Mathematics Interventions ◽  
Screening Process ◽  
Mathematics Intervention ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Abstract Screening

Researchers and practitioners alike often look to meta-analyses to identify effective practices to use with students with disabilities. The number of meta-analyses in special education has also expanded in recent years. The purpose of this systematic review is to evaluate the quality of reporting in meta-analyses focused on mathematics interventions for students with or at risk of disabilities. We applied 53 quality indicators (QIs) across eight categories based on recommendations from Talbott et al. to 22 mathematics intervention meta-analyses published between 2000 and 2020. Overall, the meta-analyses met 61% of QIs and results indicated that meta-analyses most frequently met QIs related to providing a clear purpose (95%) and data analysis plan (77%), whereas meta-analyses typically met fewer QIs related to describing participants (39%) and explaining the abstract screening process (48%). We discuss the variation in quality indicator scores within and across the quality categories and provide recommendations for future researchers.

scholarly journals Eating behavior in response to food-cue exposure: Examining the cue-reactivity and counteractive-control models.

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer S. Coelho ◽  
Anita Jansen ◽  
Anne Roefs ◽  
Chantal Nederkoorn
Keyword(s):  
Eating Behavior ◽  
Cue Reactivity ◽  
Cue Exposure ◽  
Control Models

Dataset for Reporting Quality in Math Meta-Analyses for Students with or at Risk of Disabilities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gena Nelson ◽  
Soyoung Park ◽  
Tasia Brafford ◽  
Nicole Heller ◽  
Angela Crawford
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Reporting Quality ◽  
Meta Analyses

Cue Exposure for Binge Eating

2019 ◽  
pp. 121-130
Author(s):  
Carolyn Black Becker ◽  
Nicholas R. Farrell ◽  
Glenn Waller
Keyword(s):  
Binge Eating ◽  
Cue Reactivity ◽  
Cue Exposure ◽  
Food Cravings ◽  
Subsequent Response ◽  
Do So

Many patients who have experienced difficulties with binge eating continue to do so even after nutritional stabilization. This can happen because they experience learned cues that trigger strong food cravings. Cue exposure can be useful to address such binge eating. This technique involves confronting the cues that typically elicit heightened food cue reactivity (i.e., cravings), while preventing the subsequent response of bingeing. In this process, patients learn that their binge cues are no longer predictive of an actual episode of binge eating. That learning has the effect of substantially weakening cravings that occur in association with exposure to binge eating cues.

scholarly journals Quality of the Evidence Supporting the Role of Oral Nutritional Supplements in the Management of Malnutrition: An Overview of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Baldwin ◽  
Rosemary Smith ◽  
Michelle Gibbs ◽  
C Elizabeth Weekes ◽  
Peter W Emery
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Methodological Quality ◽  
Hospital Readmissions ◽  
Nutritional Supplement ◽  
Measurement Tool ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Oral Nutritional Supplements ◽  
Meta Analyses

ABSTRACT There is considerable heterogeneity across the findings of systematic reviews of oral nutritional supplement (ONS) interventions, presenting difficulties for healthcare decision-makers and patients alike. It is not known whether heterogeneity arises from differences in patient populations or relates to methodological rigor. This overview aimed to collate and compare findings from systematic reviews of ONSs compared with routine care in adult patients who were malnourished or at risk of malnutrition with any clinical condition and to examine their methodological quality. Three electronic databases were searched to July 2019, supplemented with hand-searching. Data on all outcomes were extracted and review methodological quality assessed using A MeaSurement Tool for Assessment of systematic Reviews (AMSTAR). Twenty-two reviews were included, 11 in groups from mixed clinical backgrounds and 11 in specific clinical conditions. Ninety-one meta-analyses were identified for 12 different outcomes but there was discordance between results. Significant benefits of ONSs were reported in 4 of 4 analyses of energy intake, 7 of 11 analyses of body weight, 7 of 22 analyses of mortality, 10 of 17 analyses of complications (total and infectious), 1 of 3 analyses of muscle strength, 4 of 9 analyses of body composition/nutritional status, 2 of 14 analyses of length of stay, and 2 of 5 analyses of hospital readmissions. Ten reviews were high quality (AMSTAR scores 8–11), 9 moderate (AMSTAR scores 3–8), and 3 poor (AMSTAR scores 0–3). Methodological deficiencies were limitations to searches, poor reporting of heterogeneity, and failure to incorporate quality of evidence into any recommendations. Discordance between reviews was not markedly reduced when only high-quality reviews were considered. Evidence for the effects of ONS in malnourished patients or those who are at risk of malnutrition is uncertain, and discordance in results can arise from differences in clinical background of patients or the etiological basis of malnutrition.

scholarly journals Instrumented Analysis of the Sit-to-Stand Movement for Geriatric Screening: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 139
Author(s):  
Brajesh Shukla ◽  
Jennifer Bassement ◽  
Vivek Vijay ◽  
Sandeep Yadav ◽  
David Hewson
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Older People ◽  
Search Strategy ◽  
Risk Of Falling ◽  
Sit To Stand ◽  
Risk Of Falls ◽  
Geriatric Screening ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Future Work

The Sit-to-Stand (STS) is a widely used test of physical function to screen older people at risk of falls and frailty and is also one of the most important components of standard screening for sarcopenia. There have been many recent studies in which instrumented versions of the STS (iSTS) have been developed to provide additional parameters that could improve the accuracy of the STS test. This systematic review aimed to identify whether an iSTS is a viable alternative to a standard STS to identify older people at risk of falling, frailty, and sarcopenia. A total of 856 articles were found using the search strategy developed, with 12 articles retained in the review after screening based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Six studies evaluated the iSTS in fallers, five studies in frailty and only one study in both fallers and frailty. The results showed that power and velocity parameters extracted from an iSTS have the potential to improve the accuracy of screening when compared to a standard STS. Future work should focus on standardizing the segmentation of the STS into phases to enable comparison between studies and to develop devices integrated into the chair used for the test to improve usability.

Effects of Cue-Exposure Treatment on Neural Cue Reactivity in Alcohol Dependence: A Randomized Trial

2011 ◽  
Vol 69 (11) ◽  
pp. 1060-1066 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabine Vollstädt-Klein ◽  
Sabine Loeber ◽  
Martina Kirsch ◽  
Patrick Bach ◽  
Anne Richter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Randomized Trial ◽  
Cue Reactivity ◽  
Cue Exposure ◽  
Exposure Treatment ◽  
Cue Exposure Treatment

scholarly journals Cognitive Remediation in Schizophrenia: Current Status and Future Perspectives

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Barlati ◽  
Giacomo Deste ◽  
Luca De Peri ◽  
Cassandra Ariu ◽  
Antonio Vita
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Cognitive Remediation ◽  
Intervention Programs ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Early Course ◽  
Electronic Search ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
Meta Analyses

Objectives. This study is aimed to review the current scientific literature on cognitive remediation in schizophrenia. In particular, the main structured protocols of cognitive remediation developed for schizophrenia are presented and the main results reported in recent meta-analyses are summarized. Possible benefits of cognitive remediation in the early course of schizophrenia and in subjects at risk for psychosis are also discussed.Methods. Electronic search of the relevant studies which appeared in the PubMed database until April 2013 has been performed and all the meta-analyses and review articles on cognitive remediation in schizophrenia have been also taken into account.Results. Numerous intervention programs have been designed, applied, and evaluated, with the objective of improving cognition and social functioning in schizophrenia. Several quantitative reviews have established that cognitive remediation is effective in reducing cognitive deficits and in improving functional outcome of the disorder. Furthermore, the studies available support the usefulness of cognitive remediation when applied in the early course of schizophrenia and even in subjects at risk of the disease.Conclusions. Cognitive remediation is a promising approach to improve real-world functioning in schizophrenia and should be considered a key strategy for early intervention in the psychoses.

scholarly journals How does food-cue exposure lead to larger meal sizes?

2008 ◽  
Vol 100 (6) ◽  
pp. 1325-1332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle Ferriday ◽  
Jeffrey M. Brunstrom
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Cue Reactivity ◽  
Portion Size ◽  
Restrained Eaters ◽  
Cue Exposure ◽  
Portion Sizes ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Desire To Eat ◽  
Subsequent Intake

Exposure to the sight and smell of food influences our momentary desire to consume it. This study explored the process by which cue exposure promotes greater consumption of food. Three hypotheses were explored, cue exposure: (i) increases the planned consumption of food; (ii) increases tolerance of larger portion sizes; (iii) arrests the development of satiety. Female participants (n50) were each tested in two conditions. In a ‘cue condition’ they were exposed to the sight and smell of pizza for 60 s. Before and after this period they provided information about prospective and maximum tolerated portion sizes and their desire to eat pizza and other non-cued foods. Participants then consumed a fixed portion of pizza, rated their hunger and were finally offeredad libitumaccess to pizza. In the ‘no-cue condition’, cue exposure was replaced with a cognitive task. Cueing had little effect on tolerance of larger portion sizes or on hunger after consuming the fixed portion. Instead, it increased prospective pizza portion size and subsequent intake of pizza. Together, these results suggest that cueing increases the amount of food that people actively plan to eat. This plan is then executed, leading to greater intake. Pizza cueing also increased prospective portion size of other foods. Thus, contrary to previous reports, effects of exposure may generalise to other foods. Finally, we found evidence that restrained eaters are less ‘cue reactive’ than unrestrained eaters. In future, our approach might be adapted to consider whether heightened ‘cue reactivity’ represents a risk factor for obesity.

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