scholarly journals Judicial Fallibility, Inverted Learning and the Indispensability of Reason: Piloting ‘Advanced Legal Reasoning’ in Ireland

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 7-17
Author(s):  
Maria Cahill
Keyword(s):  
Flipped Classroom ◽  
Legal Reasoning ◽  
Law Schools ◽  
Intellectual Humility ◽  
Traditional Lecture ◽  
System A ◽  
Intellectual Autonomy ◽  
Tutorial System ◽  
First Time ◽  
Do So

In many law schools around the world, the Socratic method is a cultural anathema and the Oxbridge tutorial system a financial impracticability: how then can these law schools, which adhere to the traditional lecture format nonetheless promote the dedicated teaching of legal reasoning? Seven years ago, a specific module dedicated to the development of these skills, Advanced Legal Reasoning, was offered for the first time as an optional final-year module at University College Cork in Ireland. This course probes the requirements of legal reasoning in the context of particular cases, and it proposes a modified version of the ‘flipped classroom’ phenomenon, an approach called Inverted Learning, to do so. This article proposes four principles of Inverted Learning, which are (a) first exposure responsibility, (b) support for experimentation, (c) expectation of mastery and (d) humanization of the classroom. They inculcate the virtues of intellectual autonomy, intellectual courage, intellectual humility and intellectual charity, respectively. Each of these principles was put into practice in very concrete ways through the delivery of the Advanced Legal Reasoning module in order to develop the capacity of the students to reason effectively and to appreciate the indispensability of reason within the legal system.

Modelling of the micromorphology of the activated sludge floc: low do, low F/M bulking

1995 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imre Takács ◽  
Ernö Fleit
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Bulk Concentration ◽  
Diffusion Limitation ◽  
Selective Enrichment ◽  
System A ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Do Concentration ◽  
Soluble Substrate ◽  
Positive Feedback Effect ◽  
Do So

Two common causes of filamentous bulking of activated sludge are low dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration and low food to microorganism (F/M) ratio in the activated sludge system. A dynamic mathematical model was developed to simulate the population dynamics of two groups of bacteria, floc-formers and filaments within the microenvironment of the activated sludge floc. An arbitrary grid of 50 by 50 elements was applied to a hypothetical floc of maximum 100 μm in diameter. The concentration of DO and soluble substrate was calculated inside the floc core under different bulk concentration conditions in order to simulate the effect of heterogeneous, gradient-governed microenvironments on dual species composition. Dynamic simulation runs were performed to calculate the growth of the two morphological types of microorganisms inside the floc under diffusion governed conditions. The results indicate that the method accurately predicts the onset of excessive filamentous growth (directly linked to bulking) even when traditional models neglecting diffusion limitation fail to do so. The positive feedback effect of the non-random (unidirectional) growth on the selective enrichment of filamentous organisms under electron acceptor (DO) or soluble substrate (F/M) limited conditions is demonstrated.

In the Labyrinth

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew McNeillie
Keyword(s):  
The Right ◽  
First Time ◽  
Do So

It is now widely acknowledged, and far beyond Ireland, that Tim Robinson’s two volumes jointly known as Stones of Aran (‘Pilgrimage’ and ‘Labyrinth’) are modern classics, exemplary in every way of how to write about place and to do so with a formal, literary accomplishment that more than earns the right to nod at Ruskin’s own classic. In 2012, Robinson went back to Árainn, the largest of the three islands, for the first time in nearly ten years. He did so at the urging of Andrew McNeillie, with whom he spent two and a half days revisiting old haunts. This chapter makes account of the occasion and uses, in the process, a unique document provided by Robinson as an experiment in annotating his work. This prompts McNeillie to investigate some of his own annotations and footnotes to Aran.

Rhythmic Prose in Imperial Greek Literature

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. O. Hutchinson
Keyword(s):  
The Novel ◽  
Greek Literature ◽  
System A ◽  
First Time

The chapter looks at the division between poetry and prose in ancient and other literatures, and shows the importance of rhythmic patterning in ancient prose. The development of rhythmic prose in Greek and Latin is sketched, the system explained and illustrated (from Latin). It is firmly established, for the first time, which of the main Greek non-Christian authors 31 BC–AD 300 write rhythmically. The method takes a substantial sample of random sentence-endings (usually 400) from each of a large number of Imperial authors; it compares that sample with one sample of the same size (400) drawn randomly from a range of authors earlier than the invention of this rhythmic system. A particular sort of X2-test is applied. Many Imperial authors, it emerges, write rhythmically; many do not. The genres most likely to offer rhythmic writing are, unexpectedly, narrative: historiography and the novel.

Reconstituting the International, 1918–1923

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Talbot C. Imlay
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Events ◽  
Great War ◽  
Bolshevik Revolution ◽  
Meaning And Purpose ◽  
Post War ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Great War ◽  
Do So ◽  
Lengthy Process

This chapter examines the post-war efforts of European socialists to reconstitute the Socialist International. Initial efforts to cooperate culminated in an international socialist conference in Berne in February 1919 at which socialists from the two wartime camps met for the first time. In the end, however, it would take four years to reconstitute the International with the creation of the Labour and Socialist International (LSI) in 1923. That it took so long to do so is a testimony to the impact of the Great War and to the Bolshevik revolution. Together, these two seismic events compelled socialists to reconsider the meaning and purpose of socialism. The search for answers sparked prolonged debates between and within the major parties, profoundly reconfiguring the pre-war world of European socialism. One prominent stake in this lengthy process, moreover, was the nature of socialist internationalism—both its content and its functioning.

scholarly journals Breast Cancer Cell Re-Dissemination from Lung Metastases—A Mechanism for Enhancing Metastatic Burden

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2340
Author(s):  
Lucia Borriello ◽  
John Condeelis ◽  
David Entenberg ◽  
Maja H. Oktay
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Cancer Cell ◽  
Metastatic Disease ◽  
Breast Cancer Cells ◽  
Lung Metastases ◽  
Primary Tumors ◽  
Metastatic Burden ◽  
First Time ◽  
Do So

Although metastatic disease is the primary cause of mortality in cancer patients, the mechanisms leading to overwhelming metastatic burden are still incompletely understood. Metastases are the endpoint of a series of multi-step events involving cancer cell intravasation, dissemination to distant organs, and outgrowth to metastatic colonies. Here we show, for the first-time, that breast cancer cells do not solely disseminate to distant organs from primary tumors and metastatic nodules in the lymph nodes, but also do so from lung metastases. Thus, our findings indicate that metastatic dissemination could continue even after the removal of the primary tumor. Provided that the re-disseminated cancer cells initiate growth upon arrival to distant sites, cancer cell re-dissemination from metastatic foci could be one of the crucial mechanisms leading to overt metastases and patient demise. Therefore, the development of new therapeutic strategies to block cancer cell re-dissemination would be crucial to improving survival of patients with metastatic disease.

Some Palaeoliths from South Arabia

1954 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Caton-Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Society ◽  
South Arabia ◽  
First Time ◽  
Do So

The material here described was found in the Hadhramaut by Elinor Gardner and myself between November 1937 and March 1938. My personal investigation of the Palaeolithic Age was limited by pre-Islamic excavations, and I am therefore indebted to her for the gathering of most of the specimens in situ in terrace gravels, and to her detailed study of their positions.The collection consists mainly of groups from four fairly widely separated localities; the physiography of these has already been outlined in a comprehensive paper published in the Geographical Journal. Whenever appropriate to the purpose of this account, which is to place for the first time on illustrated record all we observed about the palaeoliths, I have reused in this different context illustrations of Quaternary environment which appeared in that Journal. With thanks I acknowledge the permission of the Royal Geographical Society to do so.

scholarly journals Comparison of Pharmaceutical Calculations Learning Outcomes Achieved Within a Traditional Lecture or Flipped Classroom Andragogy

2017 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 70 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Glenn Anderson ◽  
Lisa Frazier ◽  
Stephanie L. Anderson ◽  
Robert Stanton ◽  
Chris Gillette ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Flipped Classroom ◽  
Traditional Lecture

scholarly journals METODE INTERAKSI PARENTING: UPAYA MENGOPTIMALKAN PENDIDIKAN SISWA SEJAK DINI

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Moh Rifai
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Elementary Students ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Good Schools ◽  
Children Education ◽  
First Time ◽  
Do So ◽  
The Way

<p>Parents are obliged to take care of their children’s future, especially by rendering sufficient education. Children are believed to bring about happiness every now and then, who generate family’s pride up to the almighty judication. Some people are save and some are not in that court, where children will give sigificant contribution in it. That’s why the children’s well being has become the parents obligation. To bring about children’s well being, parents should also render the good treatments during the life cycle of their children. The main duties of parents for their children are giving them the good names, sending them to the good schools where they can learn religion, and marry them to their good spouses. Psychologically, when children are sent to school for the first time, they will feel that they are put apart from parents’ care, so that may of them have to go difficult phase of adjustment. The adjustment includes that of education so as to run as naturally as possible. To get the naturality of the education delegation, teachers and educators are obliged to be able to nurture any value to students as naturally as possible. Parenting model of teaching serves the requirements of teaching children just the way the parrents do, so that it is assumptively effective in teaching elementary students by taking consideration on the psychologial aspect of children.</p><p> </p><p>Key words:   Parenting Model of teaching, children education optimalization</p>

scholarly journals Comparison of traditional lecture and flipped classroom for teaching programming

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dieter Pawelczak
Keyword(s):  
Flipped Classroom ◽  
Course Design ◽  
Work Load ◽  
Traditional Lecture ◽  
Active Involvement ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Evaluation Feedback ◽  
The One ◽  
Learning Programming ◽  
Programming Courses

Programming courses in undergraduate education seem to be predestined for a flipped classroom approach as learning programming requires a high personal contribution on the one hand and on the other hand, course participants typically start with a wide range of previous knowledge and skills. Within a flipped classroom students can organize their learning phases self-reliantly and put an individual amount of effort into each learning objective. Whilst in a traditional lecture it is not easy to motivate students, the flipped classroom requires students’ active involvement per se. Besides all these advantages, setting up such a course requires a high initial effort for the lecturer. Furthermore, students might prefer a lecture, as usually the work load is higher in a comparable flipped classroom course. Based on the idea of flipping a beginners programming course, we firstly explored the effects of a flipped classroom approach on an elective advanced pro­gram­ming course with a smaller student group. The paper compares the new course design and its effects on the students learning, on the teaching, as well as on the course preparation with the former traditional lecture. The com­parison is based on a survey, the students’ evaluation feedback and on the examination results. 

scholarly journals The Museum System of Modern Kazakhstan: Classification and Typology of Museums

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-89
Author(s):  
Abay Satubaldin ◽  
Kunikey Sakhiyeva
Keyword(s):  
National Level ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
District Level ◽  
Soviet System ◽  
Provincial Level ◽  
The Past ◽  
System A ◽  
The Subject ◽  
First Time

This article discusses the museum system of modern Kazakhstan and offers, for the first time ever, a classification and typology of the country’s museums.In recent years in independent Kazakhstan, on the basis of the Soviet system, a modern museum network has been formed which currently lists 250 museums. Among them are 17 national-level museums, 54 at the regional level, 73 at the provincial level, 103 branches of regional- and district-level museums and four private museums.The purpose of this article is to analyse the museum system of modern Kazakhstan and develop a classification and typology of the country’s museums.In the course of the study, conducted in 2017–2018, data was collected on the activities of museums at the national, regional and district levels over the past seven years. From the results of this investigation, the museums of Kazakhstan were systematized according to the subject or topic of the museum (e.g. history, art, scientific), its affiliation (national, regional district), and by size, measured by number of employees.

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