scholarly journals The Museum System of Modern Kazakhstan: Classification and Typology of Museums

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-89
Author(s):  
Abay Satubaldin ◽  
Kunikey Sakhiyeva
Keyword(s):  
National Level ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
District Level ◽  
Soviet System ◽  
Provincial Level ◽  
The Past ◽  
System A ◽  
The Subject ◽  
First Time

This article discusses the museum system of modern Kazakhstan and offers, for the first time ever, a classification and typology of the country’s museums.In recent years in independent Kazakhstan, on the basis of the Soviet system, a modern museum network has been formed which currently lists 250 museums. Among them are 17 national-level museums, 54 at the regional level, 73 at the provincial level, 103 branches of regional- and district-level museums and four private museums.The purpose of this article is to analyse the museum system of modern Kazakhstan and develop a classification and typology of the country’s museums.In the course of the study, conducted in 2017–2018, data was collected on the activities of museums at the national, regional and district levels over the past seven years. From the results of this investigation, the museums of Kazakhstan were systematized according to the subject or topic of the museum (e.g. history, art, scientific), its affiliation (national, regional district), and by size, measured by number of employees.

EDWIN CHADWICK'S SELF-FASHIONING: PROFESSIONALISM, MASCULINITY, AND THE VICTORIAN POOR

2004 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 353-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priti Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Legislative Politics ◽  
The Past ◽  
Sanitary Condition ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Post War ◽  
First Time ◽  
Scholarly Attention

IN THE PAST DECADE EDWIN CHADWICKhas been the subject of several scholarly inquiries; indeed one can almost speak of a “Chadwick industry” these days. This is not, however, the first time he has attracted significant scholarly attention: in 1952, S. E. Finer's and R. A. Lewis's biographies initiated our century's first evaluation of him, culminating in M. W. Flinn's excellently edited reprint of Chadwick's most important text,The Report on the Sanitary Condition of the Labouring Population of Great Britain(referred to as theSanitary Report). Yet the Chadwick that emerges in recent accounts could not be more different from the mid-century Chadwick. The post-war critics saw him as a visionary, an often-embattled crusader for public health whose enemies were formidable but whose vision, extending the liberal and radical tradition, ultimately prevailed. Cultural critics, on the other hand, present a Chadwick who misrepresented (if not outright oppressed) the poor and who was instrumental in developing a massive bureaucracy to police their lives. Thus, while earlier accounts highlighted Chadwick's accomplishments, the progress of public health reforms, and the details of legislative politics, more recent ones draw attention to his representations of the poor, the erasures in his text, and the growing nineteenth-century institutionalization of the poor that theSanitary Reportpromotes. Chadwick, in other words, is portrayed as either a pioneer of reform or an avatar of bureaucratic oppression.

Aristotle's Use of Medicine as Model of Method in his Ethics

1957 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Werner Jaeger
Keyword(s):  
Historical Consciousness ◽  
Special Importance ◽  
Political Art ◽  
Greek Philosophy ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Right ◽  
First Time ◽  
Source Of Information

Philosophy, in general, moves in a sphere of abstraction, and its statements claim to be necessary and of universal validity. The reader therefore expects them to appeal directly to his reason, and he does not normally reflect much on the time and historical conditions that determined what the philosopher took for granted. It is only in this age of historical consciousness that we have come to appreciate these factors more readily, and the great thinkers of the past appear to us more or less closely related to the culture of their age. The writings of Plato and Aristotle in particular are for us an inexhaustible source of information about Greek society and civilisation. This is true also in regard to the relation of Greek philosophy to the science of its time, and this is of special importance for our understanding. That relation can be traced throughout Aristotle's logical, physical, and metaphysical works; but the influence of other sciences and arts is no less evident in his ethics. In this paper I propose to examine the numerous references to medicine that occur in the Nicomachean Ethics. They are mostly concerned with the question of the best method of treating this subject. The problem of the right method is always of the utmost importance for Aristotle. The discussion of it begins on the first page of the Ethics, where he tries to give a definition of the subject of this course of lectures and attributes it to a philosophical discipline that he calls ‘politics’. He does so in agreement with the Platonic tradition. We can trace it back to one of the dialogues of Plato's first period, the Gorgias, in which the Platonic Socrates for the first time pronounces his postulate of a new kind of philosophy, the object of which ought to be the care of the human soul (φυχῆς θεραπεία). He assigns this supreme task to ‘political art’, even though it does not fulfil this function at present.

scholarly journals Women's Institutes in Imperial Russia in the wording of the normative documents (1764 – early XX century): terms, typology, dates

2021 ◽  
pp. 110-129
Author(s):  
Varvara Vital'evna Ponomareva
Keyword(s):  
Normative Documents ◽  
The Past ◽  
Imperial Russia ◽  
Class Composition ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
First Time ◽  
Departmental Affiliation

The subject of this research is the foundation of women’s education system in the Russian Empire, namely of the Office of the Institutions of Empress Maria, which totaled up to three dozen by the early XX century. Actualization of the knowledge about the best examples of the Russian school in the past is determined by the fundamental importance of education in the context of ongoing modernization of the country. The topic of Women's institutes of Imperial Russia, which existed for over 150 years, is poorly studied. Despite the extensive source base, in the historical literature one can often come across improper names of the institutes, determination of their departmental affiliation, class composition of the students, as well as incorrect dating and topography. Using the historical-systemic and typological analysis, the author determines and clarifies the conceptual framework of the problematic as a necessary research toolset. The author's contribution to selected topic consists in discovery of a wide variety of sources, including those introduced into the scientific discourse for the first time, accurate names of the institutes and variations in the official documents and everyday practice., their renaming and the causes. The article also traces the dynamics of changes in the class and confessional composition of students since the establishment of the institutes until the beginning of the XX century. Subordination and departmental affiliation at different stages of the history of these institutes is clarified.

Bronze Swords in Northern Europe: a reconsideration of Sprockhoff's Griffzungenschwerter

1953 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-147
Author(s):  
J. D. Cowen
Keyword(s):  
Northern Europe ◽  
Central Theme ◽  
The Past ◽  
The North ◽  
Intimate Knowledge ◽  
The Subject ◽  
First Time ◽  
Made In

It is just over twenty years since Professor Ernst Sprockhoff published his classic study of bronze swords in Northern Europe, and a review of the situation as it presents itself today, surveyed from a point well outside the limits of the Nordic area, may not be out of place.The ground covered in this fine work had already in part been traversed by Sophus Müller and Gustav Kossinna; but in the process it had become a field of battle where the bitterest partisan spirit had all too recently been displayed, and might all too easily have been re-aroused. It is not the least part of our debt to Sprockhoff that he refused to treat his material on controversial lines, and confined himself to a presentation so objective that it immediately became possible, for the first time for many years, once more to discuss the subject in a sane and cool manner. Thus, adding much that was new and solely his own, he set down in plain, precise terms the whole of the evidence relating to the history, development, and chronology of the flange-hilted bronze swords of the North.Of this structure the main fabric, without any doubt, stands firm. The central theme, based on a large number of closed finds, and supported by an intimate knowledge of the material, need fear no criticism. Yet some aspects at least of the relations between the Nordic world and other parts of Europe call for re-examination, and the work of the past two decades enables some adjustments to be made. In fairness to Sprockhoff it should be stated quite clearly, at the outset, that the most important of these adjustments have been either made possible, or actually anticipated, by his own work in related fields since 1931.

scholarly journals Persophilia

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 119-123
Author(s):  
Negar Davari
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Public Space ◽  
World History ◽  
National Level ◽  
Space Theory ◽  
The West ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Subject ◽  
And Shifts

Academic investigation of the mutual influences of the West and the Easthas been the subject of few studies during the past decades. In this category,Hamid Dabashi’s work on the mutual effects of the Persianate Orient and theWest is impressive. The book traces evidences of the West’s Persophiliathroughout world history from Biblical and ancient texts to contemporarytexts under the influence of the Romanticism, Transcendentalism, mysticism,fascism, and pan-Islamism approaches. It provides thoughtful commentaryon the roots of western Persophilia, its outcome for the West and the Persianaiteworld, and the overall picture of Persophilic knowledge productionand transfer.As such, Dabashi’s work contributes to the socio-historical hermeneuticsof Persian and western culture by mapping their inter-related texts. He considersPersophilia a sub-category of Orientalism, through which he challengescolonial-based Orientalism. By relying on Jürgen Habermas’ theory of bourgeoispublic space, Dabashi criticizes Raymond Schwab and Edward Said’sviews as introducing a one-directional influence of the West upon the East. Hiswork suggests that there is a cyclic relation of influences between them. Tofurther this point, Dabashi expands Habermas’ public space theory beyond“bourgeois” and shifts it from a limited national level into a transnational scenethat emphasizes the role of Persophilia in the circulation and production ofknowledge worldwide. The book deems the emergence of Persophilia duringthe eighteenth century and its continuation to the present time as an influential ...

scholarly journals Modern Greek Drama and Theatre in the Crisis Period: Mnemonic Flashback of the past as a Defense Mechanism in the Present

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Theodore Grammatas
Keyword(s):  
Interwar Period ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Multiple Roles ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Greek Drama ◽  
Modern Greek ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Subject ◽  
First Time

:At the beginning of the 21st Century, Modern Greek Dramaturgy had already entered the Postmodernism phase, closely adhering to the trends of international theatre. The economic and cultural crisis that set in after the first decade brought an end to almost every innovative attempt. Obsolete types and forms, subjects and stories/plots, are recycled and updated. The Past reappears in exactly the same way it used to be depicted in 20th or even 19th century literary texts and successful comedies of the Greek cinema of the 50’s-60’s are almost completely prevailing. It is not, however, the first time this phenomenon is observed in the Modern Greek Theatre. A similar one appears in the Interwar period (1922-1940), when, for political, social and economic reasons reality becomes very negative for Greek playwrights. The recent and distant Past appears to have a redemptive effect, thus offering an alibi and a way-out deprived by the Present.This is the subject of our announcement, based on the notions and the function of theatrical memory and the multiple roles by which History is joining Theatre.

scholarly journals Linguistic and Extralinguistic Aspects of Study of Modern Russian Rap Texts

2021 ◽  
pp. 74-97
Author(s):  
E. V. Grudeva ◽  
A. A. Diveeva
Keyword(s):  
Hip Hop ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Hip Hop Culture ◽  
The Past ◽  
Linguistic Research ◽  
The Status ◽  
Gender Characteristics ◽  
The Subject ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Russian Language

An overview of modern domestic and foreign linguistic studies of rap texts is presented. The features of rap as part of the global hip-hop culture are considered. The proof is given that rap text as a component of rap culture is the dominant of the subculture, and domestic rap is an authentic phenomenon. It is shown that over the past twenty years, the subject of research in the field of studying Russian-language rap texts has become more diverse. The main linguistic aspects of the study of rap texts (lexicon of rappers, slangisms, intertextual inclusions, gender characteristics, paronymic attraction) are revealed. The novelty of the research is seen in the fact that the status of rap text as an object of linguistic research has been clarified, and guidelines have been created for further practical analysis of this type of text. For the first time, a number of works by foreign scientists that have not previously been presented in the domestic scientific space and which define new perspectives in the study of the Russian-language rap text are highlighted. Particular attention is paid to debatable issues about the status of rap text, its genre features. The authors of the article argue that the leading mechanism of text generation in Russian-language rap is paronymic attraction, which gives reason to consider rap text as a literary text. 

scholarly journals Consensual unions in Serbia: 2011 census results

2014 ◽  
pp. 421-432
Author(s):  
Biljana Stankovic
Keyword(s):  
Marital Status ◽  
Religious Affiliation ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cohabiting Couples ◽  
First Time ◽  
Consensual Unions ◽  
Insight Into

The rise of cohabitation is one of the most noticeable changes in partnership behavior in the past several decades, present throughout Europe, with great variation of prevalence across countries. Until now, the extent of consensual unions in Serbia has not been known due to the lack of data, except some very scarce information emanated from a very few surveys. The 2011 Census, for the first time, included the question on the de facto marital status. This enables insight into the prevalence of consensual unions, as well as on the characteristics of union members. The paper analyzes frequency of consensual unions, as well as characteristics of persons living in them, according to the sex, age, education, legal marital status, ethnicity, religious affiliation and type of settlement. Most of the consideration has been given to the regional level (NUTS 2). The paper also analyzes families of cohabiting couples with and without children. This is possible because the data for the families of cohabiting couples without children and cohabiting couples with children were shown separately for the first time in the 2011 Census.

The Deepest Sense

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Constance Classen
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Lived Experiences ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
Healing Power ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
First Time

From the softest caress to the harshest blow, touch lies at the heart of our experience of the world. Now, for the first time, this deepest of senses is the subject of an extensive historical exploration. This book fleshes out our understanding of the past with explorations of lived experiences of embodiment from the Middle Ages to modernity. This approach to history makes it possible to foreground the tactile foundations of Western culture—the ways in which feelings shaped society. This book explores a variety of tactile realms; including the feel of the medieval city; the tactile appeal of relics; the social histories of pain, pleasure, and affection; the bonds of touch between humans and animals; the strenuous excitement of sports such as wrestling and jousting; and the sensuous attractions of consumer culture. The book delves into a range of vital issues, from the uses—and prohibitions—of touch in social interaction to the disciplining of the body by the modern state, from the changing feel of the urban landscape to the technologization of touch in modernity. Through poignant descriptions of the healing power of a medieval king's hand or the grueling conditions of a nineteenth-century prison, we find that history, far from being a dry and lifeless subject, touches us to the quick.

Income Inequality and Ideological Positions in the U.S. Congress

2020 ◽  
pp. 106591292092231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey W. Ladewig
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
National Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
District Level ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Partisan Polarization ◽  
The Past ◽  
Congressional Behavior ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
The U.S

Over the past twenty years, there has been much discussion about two of the most important recent trends in American politics: the increase in income inequality in the United States and the increase in ideological and partisan polarization, particularly in the U.S. House. These two national-level trends are commonly thought to be positively related. But, there are few tested theoretical connections between them, and it is potentially problematic to infer individual-level behavior from these aggregate-level trends. In fact, an examination of the literature reveals, at least, three different theoretical outcomes for district-level income inequality on voter and congressional ideological positions. I explore these district-level theoretical and empirical possibilities as well as test them over decades with three different measures of income inequality. I argue and demonstrate that higher district levels of income inequality are related to higher levels of ideological liberalism in the U.S. House. This stands in contrast to the national-level trends, but it tracks closely to traditional understandings of congressional behavior.

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