The Stereotype Content of Sexual Orientation

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 458-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trenton D. Mize ◽  
Bianca Manago
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Gay Men ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Bisexual Men ◽  
Lesbian Women ◽  
Negative Stereotypes ◽  
Content Model ◽  
Stereotype Content ◽  
Orientation Group

The stereotype content model provides a powerful tool to examine influential societal stereotypes associated with social groups. We theorize how stereotypes of gender, sexuality, and a group’s status in society combine to influence societal views of sexual orientation groups—placing particular emphasis on stereotypes of warmth and competence. In two survey experiments, we collect quantitative measures of stereotype content and open-response items on the stereotypes of bisexual individuals. We predict—and find—that gay men and lesbian women face disadvantaging stereotypes; bisexual men and women, however, face the most severely negative stereotypes of any sexual orientation group—with aggregate judgments of low warmth and competence. In the second study, using a diverse sample, we show that stereotypes about sexual orientation groups are largely culturally consensual. We conclude by emphasizing the importance of comparative approaches that consider both advantaged and disadvantaged groups to fully contextualize stereotypes of minority groups.

Stereotypes of Social Groups in Germany in Terms of Warmth and Competence

2010 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Asbrock
Keyword(s):  
Gay Men ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Social Judgment ◽  
Cultural Stereotypes ◽  
Student Sample ◽  
Content Model ◽  
Stereotype Content ◽  
German Student ◽  
Stable Clusters ◽  
Relevant Social Groups

The stereotype content model says that warmth and competence are fundamental dimensions of social judgment. This brief report analyzes the cultural stereotypes of relevant social groups in a German student sample (N = 82). In support of the model, stereotypes of 29 societal groups led to five stable clusters of differing warmth and competence evaluations. As expected, clusters cover all four possible combinations of warmth and competence. The study also reports unique findings for the German context, for example, similarities between the perceptions of Turks and other foreigners. Moreover, it points to different stereotypes of lesbians and gay men.

scholarly journals Measurement of Sexual Interests with Pupillary Responses: A Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janice Attard-Johnson ◽  
Martin R. Vasilev ◽  
Caoilte Ó Ciardha ◽  
Markus Bindemann ◽  
Kelly M. Babchishin
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Gay Men ◽  
Measurement Technique ◽  
Sexual Interest ◽  
Pupil Dilation ◽  
Bisexual Men ◽  
Lesbian Women ◽  
Heterosexual Women ◽  
Pupillary Responses ◽  
Meta Analyses

AbstractObjective measures of sexual interest are important for research on human sexuality. There has been a resurgence in research examining pupil dilation as a potential index of sexual orientation. We carried out a meta-analytic review of studies published between 1965 and 2020 (Mdn year = 2016) measuring pupil responses to visual stimuli of adult men and women to assess sexual interest. Separate meta-analyses were performed for six sexual orientation categories. In the final analysis, 15 studies were included for heterosexual men (N = 550), 5 studies for gay men (N = 65), 4 studies for bisexual men (N = 124), 13 studies for heterosexual women (N = 403), and 3 studies for lesbian women (N = 132). Only heterosexual and gay men demonstrated discrimination in pupillary responses that was clearly in line with their sexual orientation, with greater pupil dilation to female and male stimuli, respectively. Bisexual men showed greater pupil dilation to male stimuli. Although heterosexual women exhibited larger pupils to male stimuli compared to female stimuli, the magnitude of the effect was small and non-significant. Finally, lesbian women displayed greater pupil dilation to male stimuli. Three methodological moderators were identified—the sexual explicitness of stimulus materials, the measurement technique of pupillary response, and inclusion of self-report measures of sexual interest. These meta-analyses are based on a limited number of studies and are therefore preliminary. However, the results suggest that pupillary measurement of sexual interest is promising for men and that standardization is essential to gain a better understanding of the validity of this measurement technique for sexual interest.

Animals as Social Objects

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 206-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Verónica Sevillano ◽  
Susan T. Fiske
Keyword(s):  
Social Perception ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Social Responses ◽  
Content Model ◽  
Stereotype Content ◽  
Nonhuman Animals ◽  
Behavioral Tendencies ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Sphere Of Influence

Abstract. Nonhuman animals are typically excluded from the scope of social psychology. This article presents animals as social objects – targets of human social responses – overviewing the similarities and differences with human targets. The focus here is on perceiving animal species as social groups. Reflecting the two fundamental dimensions of humans’ social cognition – perceived warmth (benign or ill intent) and competence (high or low ability), proposed within the Stereotype Content Model ( Fiske, Cuddy, Glick, & Xu, 2002 ) – animal stereotypes are identified, together with associated prejudices and behavioral tendencies. In line with human intergroup threats, both realistic and symbolic threats associated with animals are reviewed. As a whole, animals appear to be social perception targets within the human sphere of influence and a valid topic for research.

scholarly journals Predictors of accent-based prejudice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Matthew Sumantry
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Mechanical Turk ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Negative Stereotypes ◽  
Suitable Alternative ◽  
Content Model ◽  
Stereotype Content ◽  
Amazon's Mechanical Turk ◽  
Direct Measures

This thesis investigated accent-based stereotyping and prejudice – a line of research originating in Lambert et al. (1960) – by studying perceptions of four accented groups. Participants recruited from Amazon’s Mechanical Turk listened to audio clips where the speakers had native accents from either Toronto, Latin America, Arabic countries, or India. They then evaluated the speakers on several dimensions based on the Stereotype Content Model (SCM) and the solidarity-status-dynamism model (SSD), and completed direct measures of prejudice. Speakers were not evaluated differently on measures of prejudice but were stereotyped differently. Participants higher in right-wing ideologies held more negative stereotypes of speakers and demonstrated greater prejudice. Comparing theoretical models indicated that the more commonly-used SCM provides a suitable alternative to the SSD model. Implications for research on accent-based prejudice are discussed.

Sexual Orientation Perspectives of Incarcerated Bisexual and Gay Men: The County Jail Protective Custody Experience

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
LEANNE FIFTAL ALARID
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
General Population ◽  
Sexual Identity ◽  
Gay Men ◽  
Social Constructionist ◽  
Bisexual Men ◽  
Institutional Adjustment ◽  
County Jail ◽  
Theoretical Inquiry ◽  
Protective Custody

This study examined sexual identity and perceptions of treatment by other prisoners and staff of incarcerated bisexual and gay men in special housing. Eigenberg's social constructionist model guided theoretical inquiry, and questions were derived from Wooden and Parker's survey. Although all inmates surveyed felt safer in protective custody than in general population, gay men were more likely to pressure bisexual and/or heterosexual offenders for sex while in protective custody. Bisexual offenders who preferred women to men more often sought protection from another inmate, reported more pressure from others to have sex, and felt less safe in jail than gay or bisexual men who preferred men over women. Sexual patterns tended to be indistinct for bisexuals, a factor that contributed to lower institutional adjustment and less satisfaction with regard to their sexual identity.

When Gay Men and Lesbian Women Disclose their Sexual Orientation Influences Salary

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (1) ◽  
pp. 10690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ho Kwan Cheung ◽  
Alex Lindsey ◽  
Isaac Emmanuel Sabat ◽  
Afra Saeed Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Gay Men ◽  
Lesbian Women

scholarly journals THE HOMOSEXUAL LIFESTYLE: TIME USE IN SAME-SEX HOUSEHOLDS

2016 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 365-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael E. Martell ◽  
Leanne Roncolato
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Gay Men ◽  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Time Use ◽  
Household Labor ◽  
Heterosexual Men ◽  
Lesbian Women ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Use Patterns

AbstractWe are among the first to use American time-use data to investigate non-market behavior in gay and lesbian households. We contribute to a literature that has documented a gay disadvantage and lesbian advantage in the labor market. Many have proposed that this pattern reflects, relative to their heterosexual counterparts, higher levels of household labor among gay men and lower levels of household labor among lesbian women. Results show that gay men, parents in particular, spend more time in household production than heterosexual men. We find evidence of different time-use patterns for lesbians, but they are driven by characteristics not sexual orientation. These results also contribute to the economics of the household showing that time use in same-sex households with weaker gender constructs does not conform to the predictions of models that highlight comparative advantage as a source of specialization.

Somewhere over the rainbow: sexual orientation and earnings in Germany

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephan Humpert
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Gay Men ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Lesbian Women ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Income Differentials ◽  
Married Men ◽  
German Data

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to observe sexual orientation-based differences in German incomes. Gay men and lesbian women sort themselves into different occupations and sectors than their heterosexual counterparts. Design/methodology/approach – Analysis of German Mikrozensus data for 2009. Mincer-style OLS income regerssions. Findings – The author finds evidence that cohabiting gay men have an income penalty of 5-6 per cent compared with married men, while lesbian women have a premium of about 9-10 per cent compared with married women. Lesbians in a registered same-sex union have an income gain of about 12-16 per cent, while the effect for men is not statistically significant. Originality/value – This is the first paper using German data to analyse income differentials based on sexual orientation (gays and lesbians).

Competent or Warm? A Stereotype Content Model Approach to Understanding Perceptions of Masculine and Effeminate Gay Television Characters

2017 ◽  
Vol 95 (3) ◽  
pp. 588-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Sink ◽  
Dana Mastro ◽  
Marko Dragojevic
Keyword(s):  
Gay Men ◽  
Media Studies ◽  
Stereotype Content Model ◽  
Content Model ◽  
Gay Male ◽  
Male Characters ◽  
Stereotype Content ◽  
Television Characters ◽  
Model Approach

Invoking the stereotype content model (SCM), two studies examined how television portrayals of gay men are arrayed in terms of warmth and competence. Participants were exposed to a sitcom and asked about their perceptions of two leading gay male characters. Results suggest that effeminate portrayals are more stereotypical, warmer, and less competent than masculine gay characters, yet these characterizations did not differ in terms of perceived valence. This novel application of the SCM helps to more explicitly define stereotypicality in the context of televised portrayals of gay men and demonstrates the utility of the model in advancing media studies of stereotypes.

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