Gay Men and Lesbian Women with Molestation History: Impact on Sexual Orientation and Experience of Pleasure

The stereotype content model provides a powerful tool to examine influential societal stereotypes associated with social groups. We theorize how stereotypes of gender, sexuality, and a group’s status in society combine to influence societal views of sexual orientation groups—placing particular emphasis on stereotypes of warmth and competence. In two survey experiments, we collect quantitative measures of stereotype content and open-response items on the stereotypes of bisexual individuals. We predict—and find—that gay men and lesbian women face disadvantaging stereotypes; bisexual men and women, however, face the most severely negative stereotypes of any sexual orientation group—with aggregate judgments of low warmth and competence. In the second study, using a diverse sample, we show that stereotypes about sexual orientation groups are largely culturally consensual. We conclude by emphasizing the importance of comparative approaches that consider both advantaged and disadvantaged groups to fully contextualize stereotypes of minority groups.

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When Gay Men and Lesbian Women Disclose their Sexual Orientation Influences Salary

Academy of Management Proceedings ◽

10.5465/ambpp.2017.10690abstract ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 (1) ◽

pp. 10690 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ho Kwan Cheung ◽

Alex Lindsey ◽

Isaac Emmanuel Sabat ◽

Afra Saeed Ahmad

Keyword(s):

Sexual Orientation ◽

Gay Men ◽

Lesbian Women

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THE HOMOSEXUAL LIFESTYLE: TIME USE IN SAME-SEX HOUSEHOLDS

Journal of Demographic Economics ◽

10.1017/dem.2016.14 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 82 (4) ◽

pp. 365-398 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Michael E. Martell ◽

Leanne Roncolato

Keyword(s):

Labor Market ◽

Sexual Orientation ◽

Gay Men ◽

Comparative Advantage ◽

Time Use ◽

Household Labor ◽

Heterosexual Men ◽

Lesbian Women ◽

Same Sex ◽

Use Patterns

AbstractWe are among the first to use American time-use data to investigate non-market behavior in gay and lesbian households. We contribute to a literature that has documented a gay disadvantage and lesbian advantage in the labor market. Many have proposed that this pattern reflects, relative to their heterosexual counterparts, higher levels of household labor among gay men and lower levels of household labor among lesbian women. Results show that gay men, parents in particular, spend more time in household production than heterosexual men. We find evidence of different time-use patterns for lesbians, but they are driven by characteristics not sexual orientation. These results also contribute to the economics of the household showing that time use in same-sex households with weaker gender constructs does not conform to the predictions of models that highlight comparative advantage as a source of specialization.

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Somewhere over the rainbow: sexual orientation and earnings in Germany

International Journal of Manpower ◽

10.1108/ijm-03-2014-0080 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 37 (1) ◽

pp. 69-98 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Stephan Humpert

Keyword(s):

Sexual Orientation ◽

Gay Men ◽

Design Methodology ◽

Married Women ◽

Lesbian Women ◽

Same Sex ◽

Content Type ◽

Income Differentials ◽

Married Men ◽

German Data

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to observe sexual orientation-based differences in German incomes. Gay men and lesbian women sort themselves into different occupations and sectors than their heterosexual counterparts. Design/methodology/approach – Analysis of German Mikrozensus data for 2009. Mincer-style OLS income regerssions. Findings – The author finds evidence that cohabiting gay men have an income penalty of 5-6 per cent compared with married men, while lesbian women have a premium of about 9-10 per cent compared with married women. Lesbians in a registered same-sex union have an income gain of about 12-16 per cent, while the effect for men is not statistically significant. Originality/value – This is the first paper using German data to analyse income differentials based on sexual orientation (gays and lesbians).

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Gender, sexual orientation and body dissatisfaction: a meta-analysis covering four decades of research

10.31234/osf.io/5hdkr ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Monica Huerga Malillos ◽

Elena Theofanous ◽

Keith R. Laws ◽

Paul Jenkinson

Keyword(s):

Sexual Orientation ◽

Body Dissatisfaction ◽

Gay Men ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Future Research ◽

Heterosexual Men ◽

Pairwise Comparisons ◽

Lesbian Women ◽

Heterosexual Women ◽

Meta Analyses

Background: Four decades of research has assessed how gender and/or sexual orientation contribute to levels of body dissatisfaction (BD). The findings have proven somewhat equivocal and little attention has been paid to potential moderators. Method: The current meta-analysis compared BD in gay and heterosexual men (38 overall effects), and lesbian and heterosexual women (25 overall effects). Additional pairwise comparisons explored differences between heterosexual men and heterosexual women, gay men and lesbians, gay men and heterosexual women, and heterosexual men and lesbian women. Results: Random effects model meta-analyses revealed greater levels of BD in gay men compared to heterosexual men (g = -0.36, 95% CI -0.43, -0.29). By contrast, BD was greater in heterosexual women than lesbians (g = 0.09 95% CI 0.03, 0.15). Year of publication and mean difference in age between gay and heterosexual samples moderated the relationship between BD and sexual orientation, but only for men. Pairwise comparisons indicated that BD is highest in heterosexual women and lowest in heterosexual men.Conclusions: Findings indicate that both gender and sexual orientation influence BD. We identified a number of limitations in the existing research base, and make recommendations for future research.

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Measurement of Sexual Interests with Pupillary Responses: A Meta-Analysis

Archives of Sexual Behavior ◽

10.1007/s10508-021-02137-y ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Janice Attard-Johnson ◽

Martin R. Vasilev ◽

Caoilte Ó Ciardha ◽

Markus Bindemann ◽

Kelly M. Babchishin

Keyword(s):

Sexual Orientation ◽

Gay Men ◽

Measurement Technique ◽

Sexual Interest ◽

Pupil Dilation ◽

Bisexual Men ◽

Lesbian Women ◽

Heterosexual Women ◽

Pupillary Responses ◽

Meta Analyses

AbstractObjective measures of sexual interest are important for research on human sexuality. There has been a resurgence in research examining pupil dilation as a potential index of sexual orientation. We carried out a meta-analytic review of studies published between 1965 and 2020 (Mdn year = 2016) measuring pupil responses to visual stimuli of adult men and women to assess sexual interest. Separate meta-analyses were performed for six sexual orientation categories. In the final analysis, 15 studies were included for heterosexual men (N = 550), 5 studies for gay men (N = 65), 4 studies for bisexual men (N = 124), 13 studies for heterosexual women (N = 403), and 3 studies for lesbian women (N = 132). Only heterosexual and gay men demonstrated discrimination in pupillary responses that was clearly in line with their sexual orientation, with greater pupil dilation to female and male stimuli, respectively. Bisexual men showed greater pupil dilation to male stimuli. Although heterosexual women exhibited larger pupils to male stimuli compared to female stimuli, the magnitude of the effect was small and non-significant. Finally, lesbian women displayed greater pupil dilation to male stimuli. Three methodological moderators were identified—the sexual explicitness of stimulus materials, the measurement technique of pupillary response, and inclusion of self-report measures of sexual interest. These meta-analyses are based on a limited number of studies and are therefore preliminary. However, the results suggest that pupillary measurement of sexual interest is promising for men and that standardization is essential to gain a better understanding of the validity of this measurement technique for sexual interest.

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Girlfags and guydykes: “Too queer for straights and too straight for queers”

10.51681/1.621 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 45-65

Author(s):

Siri Lindqvist ◽

Charlotta Carlström

Keyword(s):

Sexual Orientation ◽

Sexual Identity ◽

Gay Men ◽

Social Constructionism ◽

Sense Of Self ◽

Sexual Practices ◽

Social Aspects ◽

Lesbian Women ◽

Sexual Orientations ◽

And Gender

The aim of the article is to highlight the experiences of those who call themselves “girlfags” and “guydykes” and to interpret the identity labels associated with these terms. Online, the communities that refer to themselves by these terms all define the labels and what they signify in terms of identity differently. These include descriptions of people who consider themselves gay but “in the wrong body”, for example, when a woman is sexually oriented toward gay men or when a man is sexually oriented toward lesbian women, most often with a gender or queer element to the definitions. Little to no previous research can be found on these identities, and what is known is mainly found on internet blogs and forums. The participants were sought through a Facebook forum, resulting in a total of 11 interviews with two guydykes and nine girlfags. The results were analyzed within the framework of social constructionism and applied with Butler’s (1990) concept of the heterosexual matrix and van Anders’ (2015) Sexual Configurations Theory (SCT), involving concepts of gender/sex sexuality, nurturance, and eroticism. The results show that those who identify as girlfags and guydykes are proud of their identity, but the complexity of the identity nevertheless affects many aspects of their lives. The respondents reveal how the labels involve one’s sense of self and gender identity. In addition, they touch upon transgender issues, sexual identity, sexual orientation, and other relational aspects. These identities break gender norms, sexual practices, and even sexual orientations within the LGBT context. The results indicate the need for further research on transgender issues; in particular, the relational and social aspects of the girlfag and guydyke identities.

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United States Normative Attitudes for Pursuing Parenthood as a Function of Gender, Sexual Orientation, and Age

Frontiers in Psychology ◽

10.3389/fpsyg.2021.772252 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Doyle P. Tate

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Sexual Orientation ◽

Gay Men ◽

The United States ◽

Internet Survey ◽

Lesbian Women ◽

Same Sex ◽

Descriptive Norms ◽

Same Sex Couples ◽

Lesbian And Gay

Decisions about whether or not to become a parent are significant parts of normative human development. Many studies have shown that married different-sex couples are expected to become parents, and that many social pressures enforce this norm. For same-sex couples, however, much less is known about social norms surrounding parenthood within marriage. This study examined injunctive norms and descriptive norms for the pursuit of parenthood as a function of age, gender, and sexual orientation. Participants in an internet survey included 1020 (522 heterosexual, 498 lesbian/gay) cisgender people from across the United States Findings showed that norms, especially descriptive norms, for the pursuit of parenthood for heterosexual people were much stronger than those for lesbian women and gay men, and that norms for lesbian women were stronger than those for gay men. These differences were more pronounced for older, heterosexual, and male participants. However, lesbian and gay participants, especially gay men, reported that lesbian and gay people ought to become parents to the same extent as heterosexual people. Overall, the results indicated that, regardless of sexual orientation, adults report that lesbian and gay married people ought to become parents, but that they expect only a minority of these couples will pursue parenthood. This research provided a glimpse into how Americans are envisioning family formation among same-sex couples today.

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Sexual Orientation Bias Toward Gay Men and Lesbian Women: Modern Homonegative Attitudes and Their Association With Discriminatory Behavioral Intentions1

Journal of Applied Social Psychology ◽

10.1111/j.1559-1816.2011.00838.x ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 41 (11) ◽

pp. 2573-2599 ◽

Cited By ~ 40

Author(s):

MELANIE A. MORRISON ◽

TODD G. MORRISON

Keyword(s):

Sexual Orientation ◽

Gay Men ◽

Lesbian Women ◽

Orientation Bias

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Recent versus lifetime experiences of discrimination and the mental and physical health of older lesbian women and gay men

Ageing and Society ◽

10.1017/s0144686x19001533 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-22 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Anthony Lyons ◽

Beatrice Alba ◽

Andrea Waling ◽

Victor Minichiello ◽

Mark Hughes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Psychological Distress ◽

Sexual Orientation ◽

Physical Health ◽

Gay Men ◽

Orientation Discrimination ◽

Lesbian Women ◽

Potential Health ◽

Sexual Orientation Discrimination ◽

Health Related ◽

Mental And Physical Health

Abstract This study examines the potential health-related impact of recent versus lifetime experiences of sexual orientation discrimination among older Australian lesbian women and gay men. In a nationwide survey, a sample of 243 lesbian women and 513 gay men aged 60 years and over reported on their experiences of sexual orientation discrimination and their mental and physical health, including psychological distress, positive mental health and self-rated health. Among both lesbian women and gay men, recent discrimination uniquely predicted lower positive mental health after adjusting for experiences of discrimination across the lifetime and socio-demographic variables. In addition, recent discrimination uniquely predicted higher psychological distress among gay men. Experiences of discrimination over the lifetime further predicted higher psychological distress and poorer self-rated health among gay men after adjusting for recent experiences of discrimination and socio-demographic variables. However, there were no associations between lifetime discrimination and any of the outcome variables among lesbian women. Overall, recent and lifetime experiences of sexual orientation discrimination were related to mental and physical health in different ways, especially among the men. These findings have potential implications for policy/practice, and suggest that distinguishing between recent and lifetime experiences of discrimination may be useful when assessing potential health-related impacts of sexual orientation discrimination among older lesbian women and gay men, while also taking account of differences between these two groups.

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