scholarly journals Actual Frailty Conditions and Lifestyle Changes in Community-Dwelling Older Adults Affected by Coronavirus Disease 2019 Countermeasures in Japan: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 237796082110251
Author(s):  
Tomoyuki Shinohara ◽  
Kosuke Saida ◽  
Shigeya Tanaka ◽  
Akihiko Murayama
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Daily Movement ◽  
Frailty Status ◽  
Leg Muscle ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

Introduction Because of the countermeasures to prevent the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Japan, it is easy to predict that the suspension of local activities and changes in lifestyle that lead to decreased activity will result in increased frailty and prefrailty rates in older adults. Objective To clarify the actual frailty conditions and lifestyle changes among community-dwelling older adults affected by COVID-19 countermeasures in Japan. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted between May 8 and June 12, 2020. Self-reported questionnaires were distributed to 1,078 older adults aged ≥65 years. We used the frailty screening index to assess frailty status and developed the Questionnaire for Change of Life (QCL) to assess lifestyle changes, the amount of daily movement, leg muscle strength, meal size, worry or anxiety, and opportunities to talk to people. The differences in prevalence rates of frailty, prefrailty, and robustness between this study and the reference based on the Japanese meta-analysis were verified using the chi-square goodness of fit test. We compared each of the QCL results among the frailty, prefrailty, and robust groups using Fisher’s exact test. Results Of 680 older adults (63.1%) analyzed, 60 (8.8%) had frailty and 354 (52.1%) had prefrailty. There was a significant difference between the observed and expected prevalence based on the reference (p = 0.018). The frailty status was significantly associated with lifestyle changes. In participants with frailty, the amount of daily movement, leg muscle strength, and meal size significantly decreased (p < 0.001), whereas worry or anxiety significantly increased (p = 0.040). In contrast, regardless of the frailty status, opportunities to talk to people decreased. Conclusion The prevalence of frailty and prefrailty might have increased due to the effects of COVID-19 countermeasures. Moreover, the lifestyle of community-dwelling older adults affected by COVID-19 countermeasures has changed. Lifestyle changes were more pronounced among older adults with frailty.

scholarly journals Assessing the Impact of a Hilly Environment on Depressive Symptoms among Community-Dwelling Older Adults in Japan: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 4520
Author(s):  
Takafumi Abe ◽  
Kenta Okuyama ◽  
Tsuyoshi Hamano ◽  
Miwako Takeda ◽  
Masayuki Yamasaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Rural Setting ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

Although some neighborhood environmental factors have been found to affect depressive symptoms, few studies have focused on the impact of living in a hilly environment, i.e., land slope, on depressive symptoms among rural older adults. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate whether a land slope is associated with depressive symptoms among older adults living in rural areas. Data were collected from 935 participants, aged 65 years and older, who lived in Shimane prefecture, Japan. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) and defined on the basis of an SDS score ≥ 40. Land slopes within a 400 m network buffer were assessed using geographic information systems. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of depressive symptoms were estimated using logistic regression. A total of 215 (23.0%) participants reported depressive symptoms. The land slope was positively associated with depressive symptoms (OR = 1.04; 95% CI = 1.01–1.08) after adjusting for all confounders. In a rural setting, living in a hillier environment was associated with depressive symptoms among community-dwelling older adults in Japan.

scholarly journals 44 Association between Falls and Cognitive Frailty among Community Dwelling Older Adults: A Cross Sectional Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. iv9-iv12
Author(s):  
Resshaya Roobini Murukesu ◽  
Devinder Kaur Ajit Singh ◽  
Noor Izyani Mokhtar ◽  
Janet Bong May Ing ◽  
Ponnusamy Subramaniam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Frailty Index ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cognitive Frailty ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

Abstract Introduction The presence of either frailty or cognitive impairment have been determined as precursors of falls among older adults. However, the association between falls and cognitive frailty has yet to be established. Objective To investigate the association between falls and cognitive frailty among community dwelling older adults. Methods A total of 246 Malaysian community dwelling older adults aged 60 years and above residing in the state of Selangor participated in this cross-sectional study. Sociodemographic details and clinical characteristics including the history of falls were obtained via interview. The presence of cognitive frailty was identified using the Clinical Dementia Rating Scale and Fried Frailty Index. Data analysis was carried out via binary logistic regression. Results The prevalence of falls and cognitive frailty in this study were 21.2% and 21.9% respectively among community dwelling older adults (mean age 72.39±5.40). No significant relationship between falls and cognitive frailty [OR:1.187, 95% C.I: 0.493-2.856, p=0.702] was demonstrated. However, older women [OR:2.663, 95% C.I, 1.136-6.239, p=0.024] and the presence of multi-morbidities [OR: 1.431, 95% C.I, 1.026-1.997, p=0.035] were significantly associated with falls which corroborates with existing literature. Conclusion Cognitive frailty was not a significant risk factor of falls among community dwelling older adults in this study. Further research is required in prospective, longitudinal, population-based studies to confirm this result.

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