scholarly journals A land-use clustering approach to capturing the level-of-service of large urban corridors: A case study in downtown Los Angeles

2020 ◽  
pp. 239980832095420
Author(s):  
Junseo Bae ◽  
Kunhee Choi
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Critical Time ◽  
Central Business District ◽  
The United States ◽  
Level Of Service ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Business District ◽  
Spatial Area

Level-of-service has been widely used to measure the operational efficiency of existing highway systems categorically, based on certain ranges of traffic speeds. However, this existing method is generic for investigating urban traffic characteristics. Hence, there is a crucial knowledge gap in capturing the unique traffic speed conditions during a certain temporal duration, in a common spatial area that includes different land use clusters. This study fills this gap by modeling the link between traffic speeds and land use clusters during certain time periods, along with the given level-of-service criteria. As a case study, this study adopted the central business district in Los Angeles in the United States. A total of 1780 traffic sensor speed data on Interstate 10 East adjacent to the central business district of Los Angeles was collected and clustered by the land use designated by the zoning regulations of the city of Los Angeles. The proposed traffic time–speed curve model that integrates different land uses in a large urban core was then developed and validated statistically, using historical real-world traffic data. Finally, an illustrative example was presented to demonstrate how the proposed model can be implemented to measure critical time periods and corresponding speeds per land-use cluster, responding to the designated level-of-service criteria. This study focused on making recommendations for government transportation agencies to employ an appropriate method that can estimate critical time periods affecting the existing operational status of a highway segment in different land-use clusters within a common spatial area, while promoting an effective application of a set of traffic sensor speed data.

A Case Study of Planning

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marlon Boarnet ◽  
Randall C. Crane
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
San Diego ◽  
The United States ◽  
San Diego County ◽  
Light Rail ◽  
Rail Transit ◽  
The South

The facts, figures, and inferences in chapter 7 regarding municipal behavior toward transit-oriented housing opportunities illustrate many points. Still, there is much that even a careful statistical analysis might miss or misunderstand. For that reason, we also explored what we could learn by talking to real planners about these issues. The case of San Diego is interesting and useful for several reasons. First, the San Diego Trolley is the oldest of the current generation of light rail projects in the United States. Unlike many newer systems, the age of San Diego’s rail transit (the South Line opened in 1981) allows time for land use planning to respond to the fixed investment. Second, the San Diego system is no stranger to modern transit-based planning ideas. The San Diego City Council approved a land-use plan for their stations that includes many of the ideas promoted by transit-oriented development (TOD) advocates (City of San Diego, 1992). Third, the light rail transit (LRT) authority in San Diego County, the Metropolitan Transit Development Board (MTDB), is often regarded as one of the more successful municipal LRT agencies. The initial parts of the MTDB rail transit system were constructed strictly with state and local funds, using readily available, relatively low-cost technology (Demoro and Harder, 1989, p. 6). Portions of San Diego’s system have high fare-box recovery rates, including the South Line, which in its early years recovered as much as 90 percent of operating costs at the fare box (Gómez-Ibáñez, 1985). All of these factors make San Diego potentially a “best-case” example of TOD implementation. When generalizing from this case study, it is important to remember that the transit station area development process in San Diego is likely better developed than in many other urban areas in the United States. The results from San Diego County can illustrate general issues that, if they have not already been encountered, might soon become important in other urban areas with rail transit systems. Also, given San Diego County’s longer history of both LRT and TOD when compared with most other regions, any barriers identified in San Diego County might be even more important elsewhere.

scholarly journals Visitor Satisfaction with a Public Green Infrastructure and Urban Nature Space in Perth, Western Australia

Land ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jackie Parker ◽  
Greg Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Green Infrastructure ◽  
Central Business District ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Urban Nature ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Scarce Resources ◽  
Visitor Satisfaction ◽  
Business District

The widely applied Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) provides relatively simple and straightforward techniques to assess how well the attributes of a good or service perform in meeting the expectations of consumers, clients, users, and visitors. Surprisingly, IPA has rarely been applied to inform the management of urban public green infrastructure (PGI) or urban nature (UN) spaces. This case study explores the visitor satisfaction levels of people using a PGI space that incorporates UN, close to the central business district of Perth, Western Australia. With diminishing opportunities to acquire new PGI spaces within ever more densely populated urban centers, understanding, efficiently managing, and continuously improving existing spaces is crucial to accessing the benefits and services that PGI and UN provide for humankind. An intercept survey conducted within the Lake Claremont PGI space utilized a self-report questionnaire to gather qualitative and quantitative data (n = 393). This case study demonstrates how the IPA tool can assist urban planners and land managers to collect information about the attributes of quality PGI and UN spaces to monitor levels of service, to increase overall efficiency of site management, to inform future management decisions, and to optimize the allocation of scarce resources. The satisfaction of PGI users was analyzed using the IPA tool to determine where performance and/or resourcing of PGI attributes were not congruent with the expectations of PGI users (generally in the form of over-servicing or under-servicing). The IPA demonstrated that a majority of PGI users perceived the study site to be high performing and were satisfied with many of the assessed attributes. The survey identified the potential for some improvement of the amenity and/or infrastructure installations at the site, as well as directing attention towards a more effective utilization of scarce resources. Optimizing the management of PGI spaces will enhance opportunities for individuals to obtain the physiological, psychological, and emotional benefits that arise from experiencing quality urban PGI spaces. This case study promotes the important contribution that high-quality PGI spaces, which include remnant and restored UN spaces, make to the development of resilient and sustainable urban centers.

scholarly journals Greened pedestrian linkage for Yangon central business district with its open spaces

2019 ◽  
Vol 91 ◽  
pp. 05001
Author(s):  
Myo Thu Aung ◽  
Alexander Belkin
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Central Business District ◽  
Environmental Problems ◽  
Land Utilization ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Land Use Pattern ◽  
Effective Part ◽  
Business District

Yangon has passed a phase of rapid constructional development. This development has resulted in the growth of Yangon over its previous administrative boundaries and in tremendous changes of land use. Changes in land use have led to a growing number of environmental problems and a lack of infrastructure. The negative effects of spontaneous land use pattern, such as insufficient land use and damage of the natural resources along with the urban environmental problems of the mega-size urban area, can hardly be overcome after arising. They have to be minimized in advance by a foresight concept of efficient framework for land utilization pattern of future urban expansion in the Yangon City. This city has higher population density due to more accessible and positive economic situations than other areas. In this paper, the greened pedestrian linkage for Yangon Central Business District (C.B.D.), in which the largest number of colonial period buildings in Southeast Asia is located, is suggested. The essential requirements for the improvement and landscaping links are indicated, and this linkage may be an effective part of the green areas for the city’s ecological framework.

scholarly journals A Method for Mapping Future Urbanization in the United States

Urban Science ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lahouari Bounoua ◽  
Joseph Nigro ◽  
Kurtis Thome ◽  
Ping Zhang ◽  
Najlaa Fathi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Land Development ◽  
Population Data ◽  
The United States ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Urban Land Management

Cities are poised to absorb additional people. Their sustainability, or ability to accommodate a population increase without depleting resources or compromising future growth, depends on whether they harness the efficiency gains from urban land management. Population is often projected as a bulk national number without details about spatial distribution. We use Landsat and population data in a methodology to project and map U.S. urbanization for the year 2020 and document its spatial pattern. This methodology is important to spatially disaggregate projected population and assist land managers to monitor land use, assess infrastructure and distribute resources. We found the U.S. west coast urban areas to have the fastest population growth with relatively small land consumption resulting in future decrease in per capita land use. Except for Miami (FL), most other U.S. large urban areas, especially in the Midwest, are growing spatially faster than their population and inadvertently consuming land needed for ecosystem services. In large cities, such as New York, Chicago, Houston and Miami, land development is expected more in suburban zones than urban cores. In contrast, in Los Angeles land development within the city core is greater than in its suburbs.

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