Automatic delimitation of labour market areas based on multi-criteria optimisation: The case of Spain 2011

2021 ◽  
pp. 239980832110211
Author(s):  
Lucas Martínez-Bernabéu ◽  
José Manuel Casado-Díaz
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Optimal Allocation ◽  
Search Space ◽  
Stochastic Search ◽  
Greedy Heuristics ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Functional Region ◽  
Commuting Flows ◽  
Market Areas ◽  
Global Indicators

Labour market areas (LMAs) are a type of functional region (FR) defined on commuting flows and used in many countries to serve as the territorial reference for regional studies and policy making at local levels. Existing methods rely on manual adjustments of the results to ensure high quality, making them difficult to be monitored, hard to apply to different territories, and onerous to produce in terms of required work-hours. We propose an approach to automatise all stages of the delineation procedure and improve the final results, building upon a state-of-the-art stochastic search procedure that ensures optimal allocation of municipalities/counties to LMAs while keeping good global indicators: a pre-processing layer clusters adjoining municipalities with strong commuting flows to constrain the initial search space of the stochastic search, and a multi-criteria heuristic corrects common deficiencies that derive from global maximisation approaches or simple greedy heuristics. It produces high quality LMAs with optimal local characteristics. To demonstrate this methodology and assess the improvement achieved, we apply it to define LMAs in Spain based on the latest commuting data.

scholarly journals Differences in Slovenian NUTS 3 Regions and Functional Regions by Gender

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-59
Author(s):  
Samo Drobne
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Fuzzy Set ◽  
Labour Markets ◽  
Functional Region ◽  
Local Labour Market ◽  
Functional Regions ◽  
Local Labour ◽  
Market Areas ◽  
The Eu

Abstract Background: Regions at the level of NUTS 3, which is a system used in the EU for various analyses and statistical reports, can be defined as functional regions in terms of labour markets, education areas, and supply markets. Objectives: This study analyses the functional regions of Slovenia, differentiated by gender, and their correspondence with the statistical regions at the level of NUTS 3. Methods/Approach: Functional regions are analysed as labour market areas, which are modelled according to the CURDS method, and evaluated using the fuzzy set approach. Results: The analysis of functional regions resulted in ten regions for male commuters and fourteen regions for female commuters. Only four of the twelve functional regions for commuters relate to the corresponding statistical regions. Functional region Ljubljana is much larger than the corresponding statistical region, mainly at the expense of neighbouring regions. In recent decades, two new functional regions have been created which are becoming candidates for inclusion in the system of NUTS 3 regions. Conclusions: A detailed analysis showed that functional region Velenje is becoming an important local labour market and should be included in the system of NUTS 3 regions of Slovenia, while the Central Sava Statistical Region should be removed from it.

scholarly journals The Daily Commute: An Analysis of the Geography of the Labour Market using 2006 Census Data

1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Ralphs ◽  
Rosemary Goodyear
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Flow Data ◽  
Complex Flow ◽  
Commuting Flows ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Flow Maps ◽  
Market Areas ◽  
Commuting Patterns

This paper explores the major commuting areas within New Zealand and how commuting patterns have evolved between 1996 and 2006. It focuses primarily on the new insights that mapping and visualisation methods can bring to the analysis and understanding of complex flow data. In particular, we discuss some approaches to delineating labour market areas based on commuter inflow statistics and demonstrate the advantages that spider flow maps bring to the visualisation and understanding of commuting flows between areas. Spider flow maps are based on origin-destination information from the 2006 Census, but the paper also includes an historical perspective, examining changes in, the number and proportion of people commuting between areas and using different modes of transport used for commuting. Although our focus is on the advantages that these new methods can bring to the analysis of commuting data, some interesting findings arise. Both the number of commutes and the distance travelled by commuters has increased markedly since 1996, particularly around the largest cities of the Auckland. Wellington and Christchurch.       Labour markets centered on these cities go well beyond territorial authority boundaries and. particularly in the Auckland case, are becoming increasingly polycentric. Data visucalisation makes the exploration of these patterns much more accessible.

German labour market data – Data provision and access for the international scientific community

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-333
Author(s):  
Dana Müller ◽  
Stefanie Wolter
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Market Research ◽  
Research Data ◽  
International Scientific Community ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Data Centre ◽  
Integrated Employment ◽  
Data Provision

AbstractThe Research Data Centre at the Institute for Employment Research (RDC-IAB) has been offering high-quality administrative and survey data on the German labour market for 15 years and has become one of the most important locations worldwide for researchers interested in data for labour market research. This article provides an overview of the RDC-IAB, including its data and access modes. The article presents two datasets in more detail: the Sample of Integrated Employment Biographies, a classic dataset, and the Linked Personnel Panel, a new dataset. Finally, this article provides insights into future infrastructure and data developments.

scholarly journals Financial stability and local economic development: the experience of Italian labour market areas

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristian Barra ◽  
Roberto Zotti
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Financial Distress ◽  
Financial Stability ◽  
Local Economic Development ◽  
Banking System ◽  
Spatial Effects ◽  
Financial Conditions ◽  
Market Areas ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractRegulators should ensure the smooth functioning of the system and promote regional development. Making the health of financial institutions is therefore a prerequisite for a sustainable economic development. This paper contributes to the literature on the relationship between the financial stability and growth within the area of one country. This implies that institutional, legal, and cultural factors are more adequately controlled for and financial markets are more accurately bounded. Using a rich sample of Italian banks over the 2001–2012 period, this paper addresses whether different measures of financial distress affect economic development of labour market areas in Italy. Results show that the financial stability has a positive effect on local economic development, robust to alternative variables capturing financial vulnerability. The presence of spatial effects is tested showing that better financial conditions of the banking system in neighbouring areas have a detrimental effect on an area’s growth.

scholarly journals APPROACHES TO ADAPTIVE STOCHASTIC SEARCH BASED ON THE NONEXTENSIVE q-DISTRIBUTION

2006 ◽  
Vol 16 (07) ◽  
pp. 2081-2091 ◽  
Author(s):  
GEORGE D. MAGOULAS ◽  
ARISTOKLIS ANASTASIADIS
Keyword(s):  
Search Space ◽  
Stochastic Search ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Benchmark Problems ◽  
Adaptive Search ◽  
Particle Swarm Optimizer ◽  
Network Training ◽  
Nonextensive Entropy ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Entropic Index

This paper explores the use of the nonextensive q-distribution in the context of adaptive stochastic searching. The proposed approach consists of generating the "probability" of moving from one point of the search space to another through a probability distribution characterized by the q entropic index of the nonextensive entropy. The potential benefits of this technique are investigated by incorporating it in two different adaptive search algorithmic models to create new modifications of the diffusion method and the particle swarm optimizer. The performance of the modified search algorithms is evaluated in a number of nonlinear optimization and neural network training benchmark problems.

You Only Traverse Twice: A YOTT Placement, Routing, and Timing Approach for CGRAs

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (5s) ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Michael Canesche ◽  
Westerley Carvalho ◽  
Lucas Reis ◽  
Matheus Oliveira ◽  
Salles Magalhães ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Execution Time ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Optimal Placement ◽  
Greedy Heuristics ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Solution Quality ◽  
Graph Traversal ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Graph Properties

Coarse-grained reconfigurable architecture (CGRA) mapping involves three main steps: placement, routing, and timing. The mapping is an NP-complete problem, and a common strategy is to decouple this process into its independent steps. This work focuses on the placement step, and its aim is to propose a technique that is both reasonably fast and leads to high-performance solutions. Furthermore, a near-optimal placement simplifies the following routing and timing steps. Exact solutions cannot find placements in a reasonable execution time as input designs increase in size. Heuristic solutions include meta-heuristics, such as Simulated Annealing (SA) and fast and straightforward greedy heuristics based on graph traversal. However, as these approaches are probabilistic and have a large design space, it is not easy to provide both run-time efficiency and good solution quality. We propose a graph traversal heuristic that provides the best of both: high-quality placements similar to SA and the execution time of graph traversal approaches. Our placement introduces novel ideas based on “you only traverse twice” (YOTT) approach that performs a two-step graph traversal. The first traversal generates annotated data to guide the second step, which greedily performs the placement, node per node, aided by the annotated data and target architecture constraints. We introduce three new concepts to implement this technique: I/O and reconvergence annotation, degree matching, and look-ahead placement. Our analysis of this approach explores the placement execution time/quality trade-offs. We point out insights on how to analyze graph properties during dataflow mapping. Our results show that YOTT is 60.6 , 9.7 , and 2.3 faster than a high-quality SA, bounding box SA VPR, and multi-single traversal placements, respectively. Furthermore, YOTT reduces the average wire length and the maximal FIFO size (additional timing requirement on CGRAs) to avoid delay mismatches in fully pipelined architectures.

scholarly journals Responsabilidad social universitaria: Incidencia en diferentes grupos de interés en una universidad colombiana/ University social responsibility: Incidence in different interest groups in a Colombian university

2020 ◽  
pp. 180-189
Keyword(s):  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Interest Groups ◽  
Optimal Allocation ◽  
Accreditation Process ◽  
Social Intervention ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Probabilistic Sampling ◽  
Quantitative And Qualitative Research ◽  
Academic Activities ◽  
The City

Resumen El crecimiento de las principales universidades de la ciudad de Ibagué-Colombia, junto con el proceso de acreditación de alta calidad que las mismas vienen adelantando, eleva la pregunta acerca del grado de responsabilidad que estas instituciones de educación superior tienen con la comunidad que las rodea. En ese sentido, este manuscrito presenta como objetivo, determinar la incidencia de las políticas de responsabilidad social universitaria percibida por tres grupos de interés (estudiantes, docentes y funcionarios), de una universidad localizada en Ibagué, Colombia. El estudio abordó aspectos relacionados con la investigación cuantitativa y cualitativa, con alcance de tipo descriptivo y explicativo. Se empleó un muestreo por afijación optima conformado por 291 estudiantes y 54 docentes; para el caso de los funcionarios se aplicó un muestreo no probabilístico, correspondiendo a 20. Como resultado, sorprende que se hayan obtenido corolarios que enseñen la falta de transversalidad de toda la responsabilidad social, lo cual no evidencia, especialmente en estudiantes, la implementación de políticas en materia de responsabilidad social universitaria, que propendan por una intervención social en las dinámicas que llevan a cabo en diferentes contextos. En conclusión, los tres grupos estudiados concentran el interés por adelantar actividades académicas articuladas con las necesidades de la sociedad. Abstract The growth of the main universities in the city of Ibagué-Colombia, together with the high-quality accreditation process that they have been carrying out, raises the question about the degree of responsibility that these higher education institutions have with the community that surrounds them. In this sense, this manuscript presents the objective of determining the incidence of university social responsibility policies perceived by three interest groups (students, teachers and officials), of a university located in Ibagué, Colombia. The study addressed aspects related to quantitative and qualitative research, with a descriptive and explanatory scope. A sample by optimal allocation was used, consisting of 291 students and 54 teachers; In the case of civil servants, a non-probabilistic sampling was applied, corresponding to 20. As a result, it is surprising that corollaries have been obtained that show the lack of transversality of all social responsibility, which does not show, especially in students, the implementation of policies on university social responsibility, which promote social intervention in the dynamics carried out in different contexts. In conclusion, the three groups studied concentrate the interest in carrying out academic activities articulated with the needs of society

Le esportazioni dei sistemi produttivi locali di piccole e medie imprese nel 2005: i risultati dell'utilizzo di nuove metodologie e fonti statistiche

2009 ◽  
pp. 5-34
Author(s):  
Natale Renato Fazio ◽  
Carmela Pascucci
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Export Performance ◽  
Market Area ◽  
Local Systems ◽  
Local Labour Market ◽  
Local Labour ◽  
Market Areas ◽  
Medium Enterprises

- This paper presents findings of a new methodology to attribute national exports to the Local Labour Market Area (LLMA). This methodology allows overcoming limitations due to the use of administrative units, i. e. provinces (NUTS 3), for foreign trade analysis. Methods The methodology is based on several Istat databases (Foreign Trade, Statistic Archive of Active Enterprises and Local Units Archive). In the first part of the work, sources and methodology are described, the second part is devoted to aggregated and macro-sectors results. Results The results show for 2005 that 37.5% of national exports of manufactured goods derived from local systems of small and medium enterprises. The analysis of the exporter enterprises in the 2005-2007 panel, shows that the contribution of these local systems grew slightly from 37.3% in 2005 to 37.5% in 2007. Conclusions The export performance analysis shows different results for Center-North and South LLMA. In southern regions, in spite of lower export activities, there are local systems with significant levels of performance on international markets.JEL: C81, F10, R11, R12Keywords: export, province of departure, microeconomic data, sectorial specialization, local labour market areas (LLMAS), industrial districts.Parole chiave: esportazioni, provincia di origine, dati microeconomici, specializzazione settoriale, sistema locale del lavoro, distretti industriali.

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