scholarly journals Results of an Interim Analysis of a Prospective Multicenter Study Assessing Radiographic and Patient Outcomes Following Triplanar Tarsometatarsal Arthrodesis with Early Weightbearing

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 2473011420S0049
Author(s):  
Dane K. Wukich ◽  
Robert D. Santrock ◽  
Daniel C. Farber ◽  
Abdi Raissi ◽  
Avneesh Chhabra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hallux Valgus ◽  
Multicenter Study ◽  
Patient Reported Outcomes ◽  
Metatarsal Osteotomy ◽  
Recurrence Rates ◽  
Prospective Multicenter Study ◽  
Post Procedure ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
The Mean

Category: Bunion; Midfoot/Forefoot Introduction/Purpose: The majority of hallux valgus corrections are performed via a uniplanar metatarsal osteotomy approach in which the metatarsal is cut and shifted over in the transverse plane. This approach has demonstrated high long-term recurrence rates. Recent research demonstrates that 87% of hallux valgus deformities are three-dimensional with abnormal frontal-plane rotation of the metatarsal, which cannot be fully addressed with a uniplanar metatarsal osteotomy. While correction at the 1st tarsometatarsal (TMT) joint may provide the optimal surgical approach for 3D anatomic restoration at the apex of the deformity, 1st TMT fusion has historically involved an extended period of non-weightbearing. This study evaluates the clinical, radiographic, and patient-reported outcomes in patients undergoing instrumented triplanar 1st TMT arthrodesis (TTA) with a biplanar plating system and protected near-immediate weightbearing. Methods: This is a prospective multicenter study that will continue for 60 months post-operatively. Patients between 14-58 years old with symptomatic hallux valgus (intermetatarsal and hallux valgus angles between 10.0-22.0° and 16.0-40.0°, respectively) and no prior hallux valgus surgery on the operative foot are eligible for this study. Patients are treated with an TTA procedure using a biplanar plating system with protected near-immediate weightbearing. Outcomes (radiographic, range of motion (ROM), pain measured by visual analog scale (VAS), Manchester-Oxford Foot Questionnaire (MOxFQ), return to weightbearing and activities) are evaluated post-operatively. Two independent musculoskeletal radiologists reviewed radiographic data. These interim results are limited to patients completing at least 6 weeks of follow-up. Results: At time of data cut-off, 74 patients had undergone TTA with at least 6 weeks follow-up. The majority of patients were women (95%) with mean age 41.7 years. The mean (95% confidence interval) time to protected weightbearing in CAM boot was 8.0 (6.4, 9.7) days, return to work was 19.0 (13.6, 24.4) days, and return to full work was 31.5 (22.7, 40.2) days. There was a significant change in radiographic measures pre vs. post procedure and changes were maintained over time (Table). VAS pain score decreased 4 and 6 months post-procedure by 3.9 (3.2, 4.6) and 4.2 (3.5, 5.0), respectively. The mean MOxFQ Index Score pre-procedure was 53.3 (49.5, 57.1) and at month 6 had decreased to 18.6 (12.9, 24.2). Conclusion: These interim findings support that TTA with biplanar plating is successful in correcting the 3D hallux valgus deformity with early return to weightbearing and demonstrated favorable clinical and patient-reported outcomes. Patients were able to return to full, unrestricted work and activities within just a few months and had meaningful pain reduction after surgery. Patients will continue to be followed for up to 60 months. Clinical/radiographic healing at 12 months and recurrence rates at 24 months, as well as complications and patient satisfaction, will be evaluated. [Table: see text]

scholarly journals One Year Follow-Up of Patient Reported Outcomes Following Third Generation Minimally Invasive Chevron Akin Osteotomies (MICA) in Hallux Valgus Surgery

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 2473011420S0032
Author(s):  
Thomas L. Lewis ◽  
Robbie Ray ◽  
David Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Minimally Invasive ◽  
Hallux Valgus ◽  
Patient Reported Outcomes ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
The Mean ◽  
One Year

Category: Bunion Introduction/Purpose: The aim of this study was to explore the short-term results of third generation (using screw fixation) Minimally Invasive Chevron and Akin osteotomies (MICA) for hallux valgus correction. There is a paucity of published data regarding the outcomes of this relatively new technique. We present the largest series in the literature, using three separate validated patient-reported outcome measures (EQ-5DL, VAS Pain and Manchester Oxford Foot Questionnaire (MOXFQ), for this time point. Methods: A single surgeon case series of patients with hallux valgus underwent primary third generation minimally invasive chevron and akin osteotomies (MICA) for hallux valgus correction. Between August 2015 and January 2019, 430 MICAs were performed in 295 patients that were eligible for 1 year follow up. Baseline and 1 year post-operative patient reported outcomes were collected for 242 feet in 194 patients (182 females; 12 males). Paired t-tests were used to determine the statistical significance of the difference between pre- and post-operative scores. Results: The mean age was 55.9 (range 16.3-84.9, standard deviation (s.d.) 12.5). At one year follow up, the mean MOXFQ scores had improved for each domain: Pain; baseline 41.9 (range 0-100, s.d. 21.8), reduced to 13.8 (range 0-90, s.d. 17.7, p<0.001); Walking; baseline 34.6 (range 0-100, s.d. 24.3) reduced to 9.8 (range 0-89.0, s.d. 18.0, p<0.001); Social interaction; baseline 45.4 (range 0-100, s.d. 22.8), reduced to 8.2 (range 0-75.0, s.d. 14.7, p<0.001). Mean VAS Pain score improved from 29.8 (range 0.0-90.0, s.d. 22.1) to 8.2 (range 0.00-64.0, s.d. 12.8, p<0.001). Mean EQ-5D index score improved from 0.755 (range 0.066-1.000, s.d. 0.136) to 0.891 (range 0.350-1.000, s.d. 0.124, p<0.001). Mean EQ-5D VAS score improved from 83.4 (range 28- 100, s.d. 12.4) to 85.6 (range 0-100, s.d. 14.2, p=0.047). Conclusion: This is the largest prospective case series of short-term patient reported outcomes using a validated assessment method for hallux valgus, following third generation MICA to date. These data show that this technique is effective at improving foot and ankle specific patient reported outcomes at 1 year. This cohort is being followed over the longer term.

scholarly journals Six Month Follow-Up of Patient Reported Outcomes Following Third Generation Minimally Invasive Chevron Akin Osteotomies (MICA) in Hallux Valgus Surgery

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 2473011420S0033
Author(s):  
Thomas L. Lewis ◽  
Robbie Ray ◽  
David Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Minimally Invasive ◽  
Hallux Valgus ◽  
Patient Reported Outcomes ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Specific Patient ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
The Mean

Category: Bunion Introduction/Purpose: The aim of this study was to explore the short-term results of third generation (using screw fixation) Minimally Invasive Chevron and Akin osteotomies (MICA) for hallux valgus correction. There is a paucity of published data regarding the outcomes of this relatively new technique. We present the largest series in the literature, using three separate validated patient-reported outcome measures (EQ-5DL, VAS Pain and Manchester Oxford Foot Questionnaire (MOXFQ), for this time point. Methods: A single surgeon case series of patients with hallux valgus underwent primary third generation minimally invasive chevron and akin osteotomies for hallux valgus correction. Between August 2015 and July 2019, 478 MICAs were performed in 328 patients that were eligible for 6 month follow up. Baseline and 6 month post-operative patient reported outcomes were collected for 340 feet in 267 patients (247 females; 20 males). Paired t-tests were used to determine the statistical significance of the difference between pre- and post-operative scores. Results: The mean age was 54.9 (range 16.3-84.9, standard deviation (s.d.) 12.8). At 6 month follow up, the mean MOXFQ scores had improved for each domain: Pain; baseline 42.5 (range 0-100, s.d. 22.6), reduced to 16.3 (range 0-100, s.d. 18.4, p<0.001); Walking; baseline 35.5 (range 0-100, s.d. 24.8), reduced to 12.2 (range s.d. 19.1, p<0.001); Social interaction; baseline 45.4 (range 0- 100, s.d. 22.6), reduced to 10.9 (range 0-100.0, s.d. 16.9, p<0.001). Mean VAS Pain score improved from 30.5 (range 0.0-90.0, s.d. 22.1) to 10.5 (range 0.00-78.0, s.d. 14.8, p<0.001). Mean EQ-5D index score improved from 0.752 (range 0.066-1.000, s.d. 0.133) to 0.872 (range 0.122-1.000, s.d. 0.133, p<0.001). Mean EQ-5D VAS score remained static from 82.7 (range 0-100, s.d. 13.3) to 83.7 (range 0-100, s.d. 17.8, p=0.386). Conclusion: This is the largest prospective case series of short-term patient reported outcomes using a validated assessment method for hallux valgus, following third generation MICA to date. These data show that this technique is effective at improving foot and ankle specific patient reported outcomes at 6 months. This cohort is being followed over the longer term.

scholarly journals Acceptability of no-test medical abortion provided via telemedicine: analysis of patient-reported outcomes

2021 ◽  
pp. bmjsrh-2020-200954
Author(s):  
Chelsey Porter Erlank ◽  
Jonathan Lord ◽  
Kathryn Church
Keyword(s):  
Patient Reported Outcomes ◽  
Medical Abortion ◽  
Patient Reported Outcome Measures ◽  
Patient Reported Outcome ◽  
Post Procedure ◽  
High Satisfaction ◽  
First Choice ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
At Home

IntroductionThe English government approved both stages of early medical abortion (EMA), using mifepristone and misoprostol under 10 weeks’ gestation, for at-home use on 30 March 2020. MSI Reproductive Choices UK (MSUK), one of the largest providers of abortion services in England, launched a no-test telemedicine EMA pathway on 6 April 2020. The objectives of this study were to report key patient-reported outcome measures and to assess whether our sample was representative of the whole population receiving no-test telemedicine EMA.MethodsA sample of all MSUK’s telemedicine EMA patients between April and August 2020 were invited to opt in to a follow-up call to answer clinical and satisfaction questions. A total of 1243 (13.7% of all telemedicine EMAs) were successfully followed-up, on average within 5 days post-procedure.ResultsPatients reported high confidence in telemedicine EMA and high satisfaction with the convenience, privacy and ease of managing their abortion at home. The sample responding were broadly equivalent to the whole population receiving telemedicine. No patient reported that they were unable to consult privately. The majority (1035, 83%) of patients reported preferring the telemedicine pathway, with 824 (66%) indicating that they would choose telemedicine again if COVID-19 were no longer an issue.ConclusionsTelemedicine EMA is a valued, private, convenient and more accessible option that is highly acceptable for patients seeking an abortion, especially those for whom in-clinic visits are logistically or emotionally challenging. Evidence that this pathway would be a first choice again in future for most patients supports the case to make telemedicine EMA permanent.

No Difference in Outcomes Following Osteochondral Allograft with Fresh Precut Cores Compared to Hemi-Condylar Allografts

Cartilage ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 194760352110219
Author(s):  
Danielle H. Markus ◽  
Anna M. Blaeser ◽  
Eoghan T. Hurley ◽  
Brian J. Mannino ◽  
Kirk A. Campbell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Patient Reported Outcomes ◽  
Knee Injury ◽  
Lesion Size ◽  
Osteochondral Allograft ◽  
Osteochondral Lesions ◽  
Radiographic Outcomes ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
The Mean

Objective The purpose of the current study is to evaluate the clinical and radiographic outcomes at early to midterm follow-up between fresh precut cores versus hemi-condylar osteochondral allograft (OCAs) in the treatment of symptomatic osteochondral lesions. Design A retrospective review of patients who underwent an OCA was performed. Patient matching between those with OCA harvested from an allograft condyle/patella or a fresh precut allograft core was performed to generate 2 comparable groups. The cartilage at the graft site was assessed with use of a modified Magnetic Resonance Observation of Cartilage Repair Tissue (MOCART) scoring system and patient-reported outcomes were collected. Results Overall, 52 total patients who underwent OCA with either fresh precut OCA cores ( n = 26) and hemi-condylar OCA ( n = 26) were pair matched at a mean follow-up of 34.0 months (range 12 months to 99 months). The mean ages were 31.5 ± 10.7 for fresh precut cores and 30.9 ± 9.8 for hemi-condylar ( P = 0.673). Males accounted for 36.4% of the overall cohort, and the mean lesion size for fresh precut OCA core was 19.6 mm2 compared to 21.2 mm2 for whole condyle ( P = 0.178). There was no significant difference in patient-reported outcomes including Visual Analogue Scale, Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score for Joint Replacement, and Tegner ( P > 0.5 for each), or in MOCART score (69.2 vs. 68.3, P = 0.93). Conclusions This study found that there was no difference in patient-reported clinical outcomes or MOCART scores following OCA implantation using fresh precut OCA cores or size matched condylar grafts at early to midterm follow-up.

scholarly journals Radiographic Outcomes after Fixation of Distal Metatarsal Osteotomy for Hallux Valgus Using a Tension Band Construct

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 2473011419S0042
Author(s):  
Alexander Volpi ◽  
Robert Zbeda ◽  
Christopher Katchis ◽  
Lon Weiner ◽  
Stuart Katchis
Keyword(s):  
Hallux Valgus ◽  
Postoperative Period ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Line Tension ◽  
Tension Band ◽  
Metatarsal Osteotomy ◽  
First Metatarsal ◽  
Distal Metatarsal Osteotomy ◽  
The Mean

Category: Bunion Introduction/Purpose: Hallux valgus is a common deformity of the forefoot. There are over 130 procedures described to correct hallux valgus. Classically, the treatment of mild to moderate hallux valgus is with a distal metatarsal osteotomy. A variety of fixation techniques have been described for use with this osteotomy most of which require partial or non-weight bearing until the osteotomy is healed. Tension Band fixation is a well-known principle in orthopedic surgery. The goal of the present study is to radiographically assess the maintenance of distal first metatarsal osteotomy fixation using a novel tension band device (Re+Line tension band bunion plate system, Nextremity Solutions) with immediate post-operative weight-bearing. Methods: The patient database for one surgeon was retrospectively reviewed for patients that underwent hallux valgus correction with the Re+Line tension band device between 2014 and 2017. Postoperative protocol included a soft dressing, firm surgical shoe, and weight-bearing as tolerated with a cane. Patients were excluded if fixation was achieved with something other than a tension band construct. Radiographs were obtained and reviewed retrospectively by 3 authors. Pre and postoperative hallux valgus (HVA) and intermetatarsal angles (IMA) were measured as described previously in the literature, and the changes in correction compared. Maintenance of correction and hardware integrity were assessed at final follow-up after weight bearing as tolerated in a surgical shoe in the postoperative period. Statistical analysis was performed using a Wilcoxon signed-rank test for the changes in HVA and IMA. Results: There was a total of 72 patients and 76 toes that underwent hallux valgus correction with a tension band construct, at a mean follow-up of 4.36 months. 68 of 72 patients were female. The average age was 60.8 years old. The mean preoperative HVA was 27.1 degrees. The mean postoperative HVA was 6.14 degrees, with a mean correction of 20.22 degrees (p<0.001). The mean preoperative IMA was 14.14 degrees. The mean postoperative IMA was 6.10 degrees, with a mean correction of 7.98 degrees (p<0.001). There was loss of reduction found in 6 of 76 toes (7.89%).There were zero cases of hardware failure. All osteotomies healed at final follow-up. Conclusion: This study shows successful radiographic outcome after hallux valgus correction using a tension band construct and allowing immediate full weight-bearing in a surgical shoe in the postoperative period. Significant deformity correction was achieved and maintained and all osteotomies healed. The Re+Line tension band bunion correction system can be safely used as a successful option to fix distal first metatarsal osteotomies, while allowing patients to fully weight bear in a surgical shoe postoperatively and potentially return to activities faster than when using traditional fixation methods. Future studies are needed to assess functional outcomes and patient satisfaction with this novel technique.

Arthroscopic ligament-specific repair for triangular fibrocartilage complex foveal avulsions: a minimum 2-year follow-up study

2020 ◽  
pp. 175319342095790
Author(s):  
Bo Liu ◽  
Margareta Arianni ◽  
Feiran Wu
Keyword(s):  
Patient Reported Outcomes ◽  
Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex ◽  
Wrist Flexion ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Triangular Fibrocartilage ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Viable Method

This study reports the arthroscopic ligament-specific repair of the triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) that anatomically restores both the volar and dorsal radioulnar ligaments into their individual foveal footprints. Twenty-five patients underwent arthroscopic ligament-specific repair with clinical and radiological diagnoses of TFCC foveal avulsions. The mean age was 28 years (range 14–47) and the mean follow-up was 31 months (range 24–47). Following arthroscopic assessment, 20 patients underwent double limb radioulnar ligament repairs and five had single limb repairs. At final follow-up, there were significant improvements in wrist flexion–extension, forearm pronation–supination and grip strength. There were also significant improvements in pain and patient-reported outcomes as assessed by the patient-rated wrist evaluation, Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand score and modified Mayo wrist scores. Arthroscopic ligament-specific repair of the TFCC does not require specialist dedicated equipment or consumables and offers a viable method of treating these injuries. Level of evidence: IV

scholarly journals Two Year Follow-Up of Patient Reported Outcomes Following Third Generation Minimally Invasive Chevron Akin Osteotomies (MICA) in Hallux Valgus Surgery

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 2473011420S0005
Author(s):  
Thomas L. Lewis ◽  
Robbie Ray ◽  
David Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Minimally Invasive ◽  
Hallux Valgus ◽  
Patient Reported Outcomes ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Specific Patient ◽  
Patient Reported

Category: Bunion Introduction/Purpose: The aim of this study was to explore the 2 year results of third generation (using screw fixation) Minimally Invasive Chevron and Akin osteotomies (MICA) for hallux valgus correction. There is a paucity of published data regarding the outcomes of this relatively new technique. We present the largest series in the literature, using three separate validated patient-reported outcome measures (EQ-5DL, VAS Pain and Manchester Oxford Foot Questionnaire (MOXFQ), for this time point. Methods: A single surgeon case series of patients with hallux valgus underwent primary third generation minimally invasive chevron and akin osteotomies for hallux valgus correction. Between August 2015 and January 2018, 290 MICAs were performed in 203 patients that were eligible for 2 year follow up. Baseline and 2 year post-operative patient reported outcomes were collected for 164 feet in 130 patients (124 females; 6 males). Paired t-tests were used to determine the statistical significance of the difference between pre- and post-operative scores. Results: The mean age was 56.6 (range 29.5-81.0, standard deviation (s.d.) 10.9). At two year follow up, mean MOXFQ scores improved for each domain: Pain; baseline 40.6 (range 0-100, s.d. 22.8), reduced to 11.3 (range 0-75, s.d. 16.0, p<0.001); Walking; 36.0 (range 0-100, s.d. 25.9) reduced to 8.2 (range 0-75.0, s.d. 16.0, p<0.001); Social interaction; 46.7 (range 0-100, s.d. 24.3), reduced to 7.7 (range 0-75.0, s.d. 13.9, p<0.001). Mean VAS Pain score improved from 30.4 (range 0.0-90.0, s.d. 23.6) to 9.4 (range 0.00-70.0, s.d. 15.6, p<0.001). Mean EQ-5D index score improved from 0.750 (range 0.066-1.000, s.d. 0.148) to 0.892 (range 0.410-1.000, s.d. 0.135, p<0.001). Mean EQ-5D VAS score did not significantly improve from 81.9 (range 0-100, s.d. 17.1) to 83.0 (range 0-100, s.d. 18.0, p=0.559). Conclusion: This is the largest prospective case series of short-term patient reported outcomes using a validated assessment method for hallux valgus, following third generation MICA to date. These data show that this technique is effective at improving foot and ankle specific patient reported outcomes at 2 years. This cohort is being followed over the longer term.

scholarly journals Sex-Based Differences in Patient-Reported Outcomes After Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 232596711988195
Author(s):  
Stephen D. Daniels ◽  
Cory M. Stewart ◽  
Kirsten D. Garvey ◽  
Emily M. Brook ◽  
Laurence D. Higgins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rotator Cuff ◽  
Rotator Cuff Repair ◽  
Patient Reported Outcomes ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff ◽  
Cuff Repair

Background: Rotator cuff repair is one of the most common surgical procedures performed on the shoulder. Previous studies have indicated that pain and disability can vary significantly between patients with similarly appearing rotator cuff tears on diagnostic imaging. Prior literature has compared functional outcomes between operative and nonoperative treatments as well as variability in surgical techniques. However, few studies have examined postoperative outcomes based on patient factors such as sex. Purpose: To compare patient-reported outcomes after rotator cuff repair between men and women. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: A total of 283 patients (153 male, 130 female) who underwent primary arthroscopic rotator cuff repair were included in this study; of those, 275 patients (97.2%) completed 1-year follow-up. Patient-reported pain visual analog scale (VAS), Veterans RAND 12-item Health Survey (VR-12 mental and physical components), American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES), and Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation (SANE) scores were collected preoperatively and at 2 weeks, 6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year postoperatively using an electronic outcomes system. Results: Women reported higher VAS pain scores when compared with men preoperatively ( P < .01) and at 2 weeks ( P < .01), 6 weeks ( P < .01), and 3 months ( P = .02) postoperatively. Additionally, women experienced a greater overall change in the mean VAS score preoperatively when compared with 1 year postoperatively ( P < .01). The use of narcotic pain medication 2 weeks after surgery was greater in women ( P = .032). Women had significantly lower preoperative VR-12 mental scores ( P = .03) and experienced a greater increase in the mean VR-12 mental score preoperatively when compared with 1 year postoperatively ( P < .01). Men had higher ASES scores preoperatively ( P < .01) and at 3 months postoperatively ( P < .01). Women experienced a greater overall change in the ASES score preoperatively when compared with 1 year postoperatively ( P < .01). Conclusion: Women reported greater pain and decreased shoulder function compared with men during the initial 3 months after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. There were no sex-based differences in patient-reported outcomes at 1-year follow-up. The results of this study indicate that there are sex-related differences in the early postoperative recovery of patients undergoing rotator cuff repair, contributing to postoperative expectations for both clinicians and patients alike.

scholarly journals Patient-Reported Outcomes and Satisfaction after Cervical Epidural Steroid Injection for Cervical Radiculopathy

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masoud Hashemi ◽  
Payman Dadkhah ◽  
Mehrdad Taheri ◽  
Mahshid Ghasemi ◽  
Ali Hosseinpoor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Patient Satisfaction ◽  
Pain Relief ◽  
Patient Reported Outcomes ◽  
Steroid Injection ◽  
Cervical Radiculopathy ◽  
Epidural Steroid Injection ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Epidural Steroid

Background: Cervical radiculopathy caused by disc herniation is a frequent public health issue with economical and socio-professional impacts. The objective of the present study is to evaluate the patient-reported outcomes and satisfaction from cervical epidural steroid injection during a 2-year follow-up. Materials and Methods: Results based on patients’ reports from a previously performed intervention of cervical epidural steroid injection on patients with cervical radiculopathy due to cervical disc herniation are prospectively collected. Outcome measures are Neck Disability Index (NDI), numerical rating scale (NRS) for pain assessment, and 5-scale patient satisfaction questionnaire (PSQ) plus opioid medication for pain relief, additional injections, and progression to surgery. Results: Of total 37 cases, 34 were available for follow-up after 2-year postoperatively. The mean preoperative NDI was 21.17 and improved to 17.38, and the mean NRS was 7.7 and improved to 5.00; both were statistically significant. Mean patient satisfaction after 2 years was 3.17 out of 5. 11 cases needed additional injections, and 4 of patients proceeded to surgery. Conclusion: We showed that transforaminal cervical epidural steroid injection for cervical radiculopathy is an effective non-surgical treatment option, providing significant pain relief and functional improvement during 2-years follow-up along with higher-than-average patient satisfaction in most of our patients. [GMJ.2019;8:e1478]

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