Ultrastructural cytochemistry of the mammalian cell nucleolus.

In the present review on the organization of the mammalian cell nucleolus, we report and discuss data obtained during the past 10 years by means of cytochemical and immunocytochemical ultrastructural techniques. Particular emphasis is placed on the following topics: location of the nucleolus organizer regions in interphasic nucleolar components, structure of nucleolar chromatin in situ, and the structure-function relationship of the nucleolar components. The cytochemical and immunocytochemical results are compared and the concordant data are stressed for each topic.

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The structure–function relationship for alumina supported platinum during the formation of ammonia from nitrogen oxide and hydrogen in the presence of oxygen

Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics ◽

10.1039/c5cp07624b ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 18 (16) ◽

pp. 10850-10855 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Emma Catherine Adams ◽

Lindsay Richard Merte ◽

Anders Hellman ◽

Magnus Skoglundh ◽

Johan Gustafson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Structure Function ◽

Nitrogen Oxide ◽

Analysis Techniques ◽

Supported Platinum ◽

Structure Function Relationship ◽

Function Relationship ◽

Relationship Of

We study the structure–function relationship of Pt/Al2O3 during the formation of ammonia via in situ analysis techniques.

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Structure-Function Relationship of Human Parathyroid Hormone on Vitamin D Receptor Regulation in Osteoblast-Like Cells (ROS 17/2.8)

Vitamin D ◽

10.1515/9783110882513-085 ◽

1994 ◽

pp. 245-246

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Parathyroid Hormone ◽

Structure Function ◽

Vitamin D Receptor ◽

Receptor Regulation ◽

Human Parathyroid Hormone ◽

Structure Function Relationship ◽

Function Relationship ◽

Relationship Of

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Structure-Function Relationship of a Plant NCS1 Member – Homology Modeling and Mutagenesis Identified Residues Critical for Substrate Specificity of PLUTO, a Nucleobase Transporter from Arabidopsis

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0091343 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. e91343 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Sandra Witz ◽

Pankaj Panwar ◽

Markus Schober ◽

Johannes Deppe ◽

Farhan Ahmad Pasha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Substrate Specificity ◽

Homology Modeling ◽

Structure Function ◽

Structure Function Relationship ◽

Function Relationship ◽

Relationship Of

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Role of aromatic residues in the structure-function relationship of .alpha.-bungarotoxin

Biochemistry ◽

10.1021/bi00540a003 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 21 (11) ◽

pp. 2592-2600 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Yee Hsiung Chen ◽

Jang Chyi Tai ◽

Wan Jen Huang ◽

Ming Zong Lai ◽

Mien Chie Hung ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Structure Function ◽

Aromatic Residues ◽

Structure Function Relationship ◽

Function Relationship ◽

Alpha Bungarotoxin ◽

Relationship Of

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Gene cloning and structure - function relationship of cytokines such as TNF and interleukins

Immunology Letters ◽

10.1016/0165-2478(87)90150-7 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 16 (3-4) ◽

pp. 219-226 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Walter Fiers ◽

Rudi Beyaert ◽

Peter Brouckaert ◽

Bart Everaerdt ◽

Guy Haegeman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Structure Function ◽

Gene Cloning ◽

Structure Function Relationship ◽

Function Relationship ◽

Relationship Of

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Pleiotropic functions of the transmembrane domain 6 of human melanocortin-4 receptor

Journal of Molecular Endocrinology ◽

10.1530/jme-12-0161 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 49 (3) ◽

pp. 237-248 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Hui Huang ◽

Ya-Xiong Tao

Keyword(s):

Cell Surface ◽

Structure Function ◽

Transmembrane Domain ◽

Mapk Pathway ◽

Surface Expression ◽

Camp Signaling ◽

Cell Surface Expression ◽

Melanocortin 4 Receptor ◽

Function Relationship ◽

Relationship Of

The melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) is a critical regulator of energy homeostasis and has emerged as a premier target for obesity treatment. Numerous mutations in transmembrane domain 6 (TM6) of MC4R resulting in functional alterations have been identified in obese patients. Several mutagenesis studies also provided some data suggesting the importance of this domain in receptor function. To gain a better understanding of the structure–function relationship of the receptor, we performed alanine-scanning mutagenesis in TM6 to determine the functions of side chains. Of the 31 residues, two were important for cell surface expression, five were indispensable for α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) and β-MSH binding, and six were important for signaling in the Gs–cAMP–PKA pathway. H264A, targeted normally to the plasma membrane, was undetectable by competitive binding assay and severely defective in basal and stimulated cAMP production and ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Nine mutants had decreased basal cAMP signaling. Seven mutants were constitutively active in cAMP signaling and their basal activities could be inhibited by two MC4R inverse agonists, Ipsen 5i and ML00253764. Five mutants were also constitutively active in the MAPK pathway with enhanced basal ERK1/2 phosphorylation. In summary, our study provided comprehensive data on the structure–function relationship of the TM6 of MC4R. We identified residues that are important for cell surface expression, ligand binding, cAMP generation, and residues for maintaining the WT receptor in active conformation. We also reported constitutive activation of the MAPK pathway and biased signaling. These data will be useful for rationally designing MC4R agonists and antagonists for treatment of eating disorders.

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