scholarly journals Acute suppression of albumin synthesis in systemic inflammatory disease: an individually graded response of rat hepatocytes.

1992 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
P E Ballmer ◽  
K Ballmer-Hofer ◽  
F Repond ◽  
H Kohler ◽  
H Studer
Keyword(s):  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Rat Hepatocytes ◽  
Immunoperoxidase Technique ◽  
Albumin Concentration ◽  
Phase Reaction ◽  
Serum Albumin Concentration ◽  
Albumin Synthesis ◽  
Clear Trend ◽  
Systemic Inflammatory Disease

The effects of an inflammatory insult on albumin of the rat liver were investigated at the cellular level and were correlated with serum albumin concentration. After SC injection of turpentine, the livers were perfused and fixed in vivo; serial liver sections were stained using a streptavidin-ABC-immunoperoxidase technique with an antibody to rat albumin. Albumin and total protein were measured at intervals after turpentine injection in whole livers and in serum. Fibrinogen was determined in plasma only. Twenty-four hours after turpentine injection serum albumin had dropped by 25% and was at 50% of its initial value at Day 3. Serum fibrinogen increased 2.4-fold within 24 hr and decreased thereafter. Liver homogenates showed no significant changes in albumin concentration. Immunohistochemically, all hepatocytes stained positive for albumin in normal animals. During inflammation, the immunostainable albumin content vanished entirely in a majority of all hepatocytes while remaining unchanged in other cells, thus producing a strikingly patchy staining pattern. No signs of resumption of albumin accumulation in depleted hepatocytes were seen after 8 days, despite a clear trend towards normalization of serum albumin concentration. These results suggest that individual hepatocytes differ widely in their response to agents that suppress albumin synthesis in an acute-phase reaction.

Mechanism of hypoalbuminemia in the 7/8-nephrectomized rat with chronic renal failure

1982 ◽  
Vol 243 (4) ◽  
pp. F372-F378 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Kaysen ◽  
J. B. Watson
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Chronic Renal Failure ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Volume Expansion ◽  
Albumin Concentration ◽  
Serum Albumin Concentration ◽  
Albumin Synthesis ◽  
Plasma Volume Expansion ◽  
Albumin Clearance

Hypoalbuminemia has been observed consistently in patients and experimental animals with chronic renal failure (CRF). A defect in albumin synthesis, catabolism, or distribution has been invoked as the cause, but there is no agreement as to which, if any, of these disorders results from the uremic state. We studied albumin homeostasis in 7/8-nephrectomized rats with CRF. Serum albumin concentration was lower in CRF (29.6 +/- 4.59 mg/ml) than in sham-operated control rats (36.3 +/- 4.3 mg/ml). Albumin synthesis, determined directly by measuring incorporation of 14CO2 into arginine in albumin, was increased in CRF rats as was total albumin clearance, measured using 125I-albumin disappearance. Rats with CRF were albuminuric. Albumin synthesis was increased by the amount necessary to replace urinary losses, but net albumin catabolism was the same as in control animals. Albuminuria was prevented by addition of excess tryptophan to the diet. Total albumin clearance and albumin synthesis were the same in these tryptophan-fed CRF animals as in CRF sham-operated animals, but these CRF rats were still hypoalbuminemic (33.6 +/- 5.27 vs. 36.3 +/- 4.3 mg/ml). Rats with CRF were plasma volume expanded. Institution of a low-sodium diet at the time of partial nephrectomy prevented plasma volume expansion and albuminuria as well. Serum albumin concentration, albumin distribution, pool sizes, and total albumin clearance remained the same as in CRF sham-operated animals. Hypoalbuminemia in CRF rats is due to two factors. Plasma volume expansion with pool dilution contributes 40% of the decrease and external albumin losses resulting from albuminuria contribute the other 60%. Albumin synthesis, catabolism, and distribution are intact.

scholarly journals Synthesis rate of plasma albumin is a good indicator of liver albumin synthesis in sepsis

2000 ◽  
Vol 279 (2) ◽  
pp. E244-E251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benoît Ruot ◽  
Denis Breuillé ◽  
Fabienne Rambourdin ◽  
Gerard Bayle ◽  
Pierre Capitan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synthesis Rate ◽  
Albumin Concentration ◽  
Liver Protein ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Albumin Synthesis ◽  
Plasma Albumin ◽  
Period 2 ◽  
Fractional Synthesis ◽  
Plasma Albumin Concentration

Plasma albumin is well known to decrease in response to inflammation. The rate of albumin synthesis from both liver and plasma was measured in vivo by use of a large dose ofl-[2H3-14C]valine in rats injected intravenously with live Escherichia coli and in pair-fed control rats during the acute-phase period (2 days postinfection). The plasma albumin concentration was reduced by 50% in infected rats compared with pair-fed animals. Infection induced a fall in both liver albumin mRNA levels and albumin synthesis relative to total liver protein synthesis. However, absolute liver albumin synthesis rate (ASR) was not affected by infection. In plasma, albumin fractional synthesis rate was increased by 50% in infected animals compared with pair-fed animals. The albumin ASR estimated in the plasma was similar in the two groups. These results suggest that hypoalbuminemia is not due to reduced albumin synthesis during sepsis. Moreover, liver and plasma albumin ASR were similar. Therefore, albumin synthesis measured in the plasma is a good indicator of liver albumin synthesis.

scholarly journals Serum Albumin and Future Risk of Hip, Humeral, and Wrist Fractures in Caucasian Men: New Findings from a Prospective Cohort Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 401-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Setor K. Kunutsor ◽  
Ari Voutilainen ◽  
Michael R. Whitehouse ◽  
Samuel Seidu ◽  
Jussi Kauhanen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Fracture Prevention ◽  
Albumin Concentration ◽  
Serum Albumin Concentration ◽  
Baseline Serum ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Caucasian Men ◽  
Low Serum

Objective: Low serum albumin concentration is associated with poor health outcomes, but its relationship with the risk of fractures has not been reliably quantified. We aimed to assess the prospective association of serum albumin with the risk of fractures in a general population. Subjects and Methods: Baseline serum albumin concentrations were measured in 2,245 men aged 42–61 years in the Kuopio Is­chemic Heart Disease study. Hazard ratios (HRs) (95% confidence intervals) were calculated for incident fractures. Results: A total of 121 fractures (hip, humeral, or wrist) were recorded during a median follow-up of 25.6 years. The risk of fractures increased linearly below a serum albumin concentration of ∼48 g/L. The age-adjusted HR (95% CI) for fractures per 1 standard deviation lower serum albumin was 1.24 (1.05–1.48). On further adjustment for several conventional and emerging risk factors, the HR was attenuated to 1.21 (1.01–1.45). Comparing the bottom versus top quartile of serum albumin levels, the corresponding adjusted HRs were 2.48 (1.37–4.48) and 2.26 (1.23–4.14). The association of serum albumin with fracture risk did not differ substantially according to age, body mass index, blood pressure, physical activity, alcohol consumption, socioeconomic status, inflammation, prevalent diseases, and smoking. Serum albumin at a threshold of 41.5 g/L demonstrated an area under the curve of 0.5850. Conclusion: In middle-aged Caucasian men, low serum albumin is associated with an increased risk of future fractures. The potential relevance of serum albumin concentrations in fracture prevention and prediction deserves further evaluation.

scholarly journals Trends and Outcomes Associated With Serum Albumin Concentration Among Incident Dialysis Patients in the United States

2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 323-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
George A. Kaysen ◽  
Kirsten L. Johansen ◽  
Su-Chun Cheng ◽  
Chengshi Jin ◽  
Glenn M. Chertow
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
The United States ◽  
Albumin Concentration ◽  
Serum Albumin Concentration ◽  
Dialysis Patients
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