Post-earthquake fast damage assessment using residual displacement and seismic energy: Application to Mexico City

2021 ◽  
pp. 875529302110218
Author(s):  
Pablo Quinde ◽  
Amador Terán-Gilmore ◽  
Eduardo Reinoso
Keyword(s):  
Mexico City ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Residual Deformation ◽  
Seismic Energy ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Maximum Displacement ◽  
Residual Displacement ◽  
Plastic Energy ◽  
Earthquake Assessment

The simplicity, timeliness, and reliability of a post-earthquake assessment are fundamental for decision-makers in emergency management. An adequate risk assessment will help during the recovery and, therefore, increases the resilience of the community. Although within this context, the walk-down damage survey with the correct filling of evaluation forms and use of processing-data tools make possible a pertinent post-earthquake assessment, it is desirable to have measurable parameters that can complement the visual field evaluation with quantitative information. In some cases, basic quantitative measures, such as crack width, are not enough to make pertinent structural damage assessments. This article presents a fast and simple methodology to estimate the median maximum displacement and plastic energy demands on simple single-degree-of-freedom systems from the residual displacement they exhibit after being subjected to ground motions generated in the lakebed zone of Mexico City. Based on this, a discussion is offered on how a post-earthquake assessment can be improved by complementing the visual and measured information gathered on an existing structural system after an intense ground motion, with estimates of its maximum and cumulative plastic deformation demands derived from its residual deformation.

Long duration and frequent, intense earthquakes: Lessons learned from the 19 September 2017 earthquake for Mexico City’s resilience

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. 49-61
Author(s):  
Pablo Quinde ◽  
Eduardo Reinoso
Keyword(s):  
Mexico City ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Cumulative Damage ◽  
Plastic Energy ◽  
Energy Demands ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Structural Failures ◽  
The City ◽  
Seismic Resilience

The accumulation of plastic deformations during an intense earthquake may cause structural failures at deformations significantly smaller than those that can be developed under monotonic load. However, there is evidence that, under certain circumstances, the response of a single parameter may not be a good indicator of structural damage. Likewise, most of the seismic regulations, including the Mexican standards, establish their criteria considering the occurrence of strong earthquakes with a very little probability of occurrence, but do not consider if intense earthquake affects the building frequently and, therefore, cumulative damage due to the occurrence of several earthquakes during the life span of the structure is not taken into account explicitly. This cumulative damage is especially important in places like Mexico City, where intense and long-duration earthquakes occur every 10–20 years. To study the issues that Mexico City must face to increase its seismic resilience, in this article, we present an analysis of the dissipated plastic energy demands in Mexico City during the earthquake of 19 September 2017, and the cumulative damage due to recent intense earthquakes that affect the city.

scholarly journals Rockfall induced seismic signals: case study in Montserrat, Catalonia

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 805-812 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Vilajosana ◽  
E. Suriñach ◽  
A. Abellán ◽  
G. Khazaradze ◽  
D. Garcia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Motion ◽  
Mass Movement ◽  
Seismic Energy ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Volume Estimation ◽  
Seismic Signals ◽  
Energy Estimation ◽  
Time Frequency ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. After a rockfall event, a usual post event survey includes qualitative volume estimation, trajectory mapping and determination of departing zones. However, quantitative measurements are not usually made. Additional relevant quantitative information could be useful in determining the spatial occurrence of rockfall events and help us in quantifying their size. Seismic measurements could be suitable for detection purposes since they are non invasive methods and are relatively inexpensive. Moreover, seismic techniques could provide important information on rockfall size and location of impacts. On 14 February 2007 the Avalanche Group of the University of Barcelona obtained the seismic data generated by an artificially triggered rockfall event at the Montserrat massif (near Barcelona, Spain) carried out in order to purge a slope. Two 3 component seismic stations were deployed in the area about 200 m from the explosion point that triggered the rockfall. Seismic signals and video images were simultaneously obtained. The initial volume of the rockfall was estimated to be 75 m3 by laser scanner data analysis. After the explosion, dozens of boulders ranging from 10−4 to 5 m3 in volume impacted on the ground at different locations. The blocks fell down onto a terrace, 120 m below the release zone. The impact generated a small continuous mass movement composed of a mixture of rocks, sand and dust that ran down the slope and impacted on the road 60 m below. Time, time-frequency evolution and particle motion analysis of the seismic records and seismic energy estimation were performed. The results are as follows: 1 – A rockfall event generates seismic signals with specific characteristics in the time domain; 2 – the seismic signals generated by the mass movement show a time-frequency evolution different from that of other seismogenic sources (e.g. earthquakes, explosions or a single rock impact). This feature could be used for detection purposes; 3 – particle motion plot analysis shows that the procedure to locate the rock impact using two stations is feasible; 4 – The feasibility and validity of seismic methods for the detection of rockfall events, their localization and size determination are comfirmed.

Seismic Analysis and Design of RC Frame With New Metallic Dampers

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong-Nan Li ◽  
Gang Li
Keyword(s):  
Energy Dissipation ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Seismic Analysis ◽  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Seismic Energy ◽  
Analysis And Design ◽  
Good Ability ◽  
Metallic Dampers ◽  
Energy Dissipated ◽  
Metallic Damper

Earthquake can make structures damaged and crumble. The traditional approach to seismic design has been based upon providing a combination of strength and ductility to resist the imposed loads. Thus, the level of the structure security cannot be achieved, because the disadvantage of the designing method is lack of adjusting capability subjected to an uncertain earthquake. The presence of some damping (energy dissipation) in buildings has been recognized and studied by professional researchers. Passive energy-dissipated system, as a category of vibration control methods, lead the inputting energy from earthquake to special element, thereby reducing energy-dissipating demand on primary structural members and minimizing possible structural damage. In this paper, a new idea of designing metallic damper is presented and realized through the improved dampers that are of a certain bearing forces in plane of plate and suitable energy-dissipating capability by making metallic dampers in different shapes. New types of metallic dampers are called as “dual functions” metallic damper (DFMD), because it not only provides certain stiffness in normal use for a building, but also are of good ability of the seismic energy-dissipation. The structural configuration and mechanical characteristics of the models and prototypes of the DFMDs are analyzed and experimented so as to verify the seismic performance of the dampers. Finally, the DFMDs applied to a new building in China are introduced and numerical results demonstrate the effectiveness of the DFMD.

scholarly journals Gaussian Process Regression-Based Structural Response Model and Its Application to Regional Damage Assessment

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 574
Author(s):  
Sangki Park ◽  
Kichul Jung
Keyword(s):  
Damage Assessment ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Seismic Waves ◽  
Mean Squared Error ◽  
Fragility Curves ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Structural Response ◽  
Gaussian Process Regression ◽  
Ground Acceleration ◽  
Maximum Displacement

Seismic activities are serious disasters that induce natural hazards resulting in an incalculable amount of damage to properties and millions of deaths. Typically, seismic risk assessment can be performed by means of structural damage information computed based on the maximum displacement of the structure. In this study, machine learning models based on GPR are developed in order to estimate the maximum displacement of the structures from seismic activities and then used to construct fragility curves as an application. During construction of the models, 13 features of seismic waves are considered, and six wave features are selected to establish the seismic models with the correlation analysis normalizing the variables with the peak ground acceleration. Two models for six-floor and 13-floor buildings are developed, and a sensitivity analysis is performed to identify the relationship between prediction accuracy and sampling size. A 10-fold cross-validation method is used to evaluate the model performance, using the R-squared, root mean squared error, Nash criterion, and mean bias. Results of the six-parameter-based model apparently indicate a similar performance to that of the 13-parameter-based model for the two types of buildings. The model for the six-floor building affords a steadily enhanced performance by increasing the sampling size, while the model for the 13-floor building shows a significantly improved performance with a sampling size of over 200. The results indicate that the heighted structure requires a larger sampling size because it has more degrees of freedom that can influence the model performance. Finally, the proposed models are successfully constructed to estimate the maximum displacement, and applied to obtain fragility curves with various performance levels. Then, the regional seismic damage is assessed in Gyeonjgu city of South Korea as an application of the developed models. The damage assessment with the fragility curve provides the structural response from the seismic activities, which can assist in minimizing damage.

scholarly journals RESEARCH OF STRUCTURAL DAMAGE IN THE HYOGOKEN-NANBU EARTHQUAKE : Estimation of seismic energy input based on damage of structures

1998 ◽  
Vol 63 (503) ◽  
pp. 165-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haruyuki KITAMURA ◽  
Takayuki TERAMOTO ◽  
Kunio UKAI ◽  
Katsuhide MURAKAMI ◽  
Hiroshi AKIYAMA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Damage ◽  
Energy Input ◽  
Seismic Energy

scholarly journals Experimental Campaign of a Low-Cost and Replaceable System for Passive Energy Dissipation in Precast Concrete Structures

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 1213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Álvaro Mena ◽  
Jorge Franco ◽  
Daniel Miguel ◽  
Jesús Mínguez ◽  
Ana Carla Jiménez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Dissipation ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Precast Concrete ◽  
Seismic Energy ◽  
Structural Wall ◽  
Residential Structures ◽  
Energy Dissipation System ◽  
Seismic Tests ◽  
Dissipation System

This research develops a new low-cost energy dissipation system, capable of being implemented in residential structures in developing countries with high seismic activity, in which the current solutions are not economically viable. These residential structures are entirely made of precast concrete elements (foundations, walls, and slabs). A solution is developed that consists of a new connection between a precast foundation and a structural wall, which is capable of dissipating almost all the seismic energy, and therfore protecting the rest of the building from structural damage. To validate the solution, a testing campaign is carried out, including a first set of “pushover” tests on isolated structural walls, a second set of “pushover” tests on structural frames, and a final set of seismic tests on a real-scale three-storey building. For the first and second set of tests, ductility is analyzed in accordance with ACI 374.2R-13, while for the third one, the dynamic response to a reference earthquake is evaluated. The results reveal that the solution developed shows great ductility and no relevant damage is observed in the rest of the building, except in the low-cost energy dissipation system. Once an earthquake has finished, a precast building implemented with this low-cost energy dissipation system is capable of showing a structural performance level of “immediate occupancy” according to ACI 374.2R-13.

scholarly journals Self-Centering Steel Frame Systems for Seismic-Resistant Structures

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Lihua Zhu ◽  
Cheng Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Structural Damage ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Residual Deformation ◽  
Steel Frame ◽  
The Self ◽  
Seismic Resistant ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
Frame Systems ◽  
Energy Dissipating Device ◽  
Seismic Behaviors

This paper introduces a review of self-centering steel frame systems for seismic-resistant structures. The components and basic mechanisms of the developing posttensioned connections and self-centering braces are briefly introduced. The structural details and seismic behaviors of the self-centering systems proposed in recent years, including connections, energy dissipating braces, and steel frames, are condensed in categories. The theoretical and experimental results indicated that self-centering action could minimize residual deformation and structural damage. The energy dissipating capability of the self-centering systems is greatly enhanced by the application of energy dissipating device. The shape memory alloys (SMAs) and prepressed springs which exhibited great potential in energy dissipation and recentering capability have been studied increasingly in recent years. Abundant numerical models were propounded to investigate the cyclic response of these self-centering systems. The current research challenges and the critical issues which need further study are discussed at the end of this paper.

Evaluation of performance-based earthquake engineering in Yemen

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Sulaiman Al-Safi ◽  
Ibrahim Abdullah Alameri ◽  
Rushdi A. M. Badhib ◽  
Mahmoud Kuleib
Keyword(s):  
Earthquake Engineering ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Plastic Hinge ◽  
Pushover Analysis ◽  
Performance Criteria ◽  
Maximum Displacement ◽  
Existing Structures ◽  
Moderate Earthquake ◽  
To Come ◽  
Performance Based Earthquake Engineering

Building codes follow a common concept in designing buildings to achieve an acceptable seismic performance. The objective underlying the concept is to ensure that the buildings should be able to resist minor earthquake without damage, resist moderate earthquake with some non-structural damage, and resist major earthquakes without collapse, but some structural as well as non-structural damage. This study aims to evaluate the performance-based seismic to come up with necessary recommendations for both future practices, essential review, and restoration of existing structures in Yemen. To do this real case studies incorporated, and nonlinear pushover analysis is carried out. The analysis results presented and then assessed to find out the conformity with the required performance. The structural sections assumed at the beginning of the design, then the design repeated many times to achieve the selected performance criteria (the plastic hinge properties and the maximum displacement).

scholarly journals Structural damage in Mexico City

1986 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 589-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
John F. Hall ◽  
James L. Beck
Keyword(s):  
Mexico City ◽  
Structural Damage
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