scholarly journals DifferentiatingDracunculusmedinensisfromD.insignis, by the sequence analysis of the 18S rRNA gene

2005 ◽  
Vol 99 (5) ◽  
pp. 511-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Bimi ◽  
A. R. Freeman ◽  
M. L. Eberhard ◽  
E. Ruiz-Tiben ◽  
N. J. Pieniazek
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
18S Rrna ◽  
18S Rrna Gene ◽  
Rrna Gene

scholarly journals Prevalence and distribution pattern of Cryptosporidium spp. among pre-weaned diarrheic calves in the Republic of Korea

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. e0259824
Author(s):  
Dong-Hun Jang ◽  
Hyung-Chul Cho ◽  
Seung-Uk Shin ◽  
Eun-Mi Kim ◽  
Yu-Jin Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
Infection Rate ◽  
18S Rrna ◽  
18S Rrna Gene ◽  
Republic Of Korea ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Diarrheic Calves

Cryptosporidium spp. are protozoan parasites that belong to subphylum apicomplexa and cause diarrhea in humans and animals worldwide. Data on the prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. and its subtypes among calves in the Republic of Korea (KOR) are sparse. Hence, our study aimed to investigate the prevalence and association between the age of calf and the identified Cryptosporidium spp. and to determine the genotypes/subtypes of Cryptosporidium spp. in pre-weaned calves with diarrhea in the KOR. A total of 460 diarrheic fecal samples were collected from calves aged 1−60 days and screened for Cryptosporidium spp. by the 18S rRNA gene. Species identification was determined using the sequencing analysis of the 18S rRNA gene, and C. parvum-positive samples were subtyped via the sequence analysis of the 60-kDa glycoprotein (gp60) gene. Sequence analysis based on the 18S rRNA gene revealed the presence of three Cryptosporidium spp., namely, C. parvum (n = 72), C. ryanae (n = 12), and C. bovis (n = 2). Co-infection by these species was not observed. The infection rate was the highest in calves aged 11−20 days (26.1%, 95% CI 17.1−35.1), whereas the lowest rate was observed in calves aged 21−30 days (7.7%, 95% CI 0.0−16.1). The prevalence of C. parvum was detected exclusively in calves aged ≤20 days, and the highest infection rate of C. ryanae was seen in calves ≥31 days of age. The occurrence of C. parvum (χ2 = 25.300, P = 0.000) and C. ryanae (χ2 = 18.020, P = 0.001) was significantly associated with the age of the calves. Eleven different subtypes of the IIa family that belonging to C. parvum were recognized via the sequence analyses of the gp60 gene. Except for two (IIaA18G3R1 and IIaA15G2R1) subtypes, nine subtypes were first identified in calves with diarrhea in the KOR. IIaA18G3R1 was the most frequently detected subtype (72.2% of calves), followed by IIaA17G3R1 (5.6%), IIaA15G2R1 (4.2%), IIaA19G4R1 (4.2%), IIaA16G4R1 (2.8%), IIaA17G4R1 (2.8%), IIaA19G3R (2.8%), IIaA14G1R1 (1.4%), IIaA14G3R1 (1.4%), IIaA15G1R1 (1.4%), and IIaA19G1R1 (1.4%) These results suggest that the prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. is significantly associated with calf age. Furthermore, the findings demonstrate the high genetic diversity of C. parvum and the widespread occurrence of zoonotic C. parvum in pre-weaned calves. Hence, calves are a potential source of zoonotic transmission with considerable public health implications.

scholarly journals Partial Sequence Analysis of the 5S to 18S rRNA Gene Region of the Maize Mitochondrial Genome

1983 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 190-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiaoman Chao ◽  
Ronald R. Sederoff ◽  
Charles S. Levings
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
Mitochondrial Genome ◽  
18S Rrna ◽  
18S Rrna Gene ◽  
Gene Region ◽  
Partial Sequence ◽  
Rrna Gene

scholarly journals Genetic and Antigenic Evidence Supports the Separation of Hepatozoon canis and Hepatozoon americanum at the Species Level

2000 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 1298-1301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gad Baneth ◽  
John R. Barta ◽  
Varda Shkap ◽  
Donald S. Martin ◽  
Douglass K. Macintire ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
18S Rrna ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
18S Rrna Gene ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Hepatozoon Canis ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Western Immunoblotting ◽  
Hepatozoon Americanum

Recognition of Hepatozoon canis and Hepatozoon americanum as distinct species was supported by the results of Western immunoblotting of canine anti-H. canis and anti-H. americanum sera against H. canisgamonts. Sequence analysis of 368 bases near the 3′ end of the 18S rRNA gene from each species revealed a pairwise difference of 13.59%.

scholarly journals Analytical validation of a real-time hydrolysis probe PCR assay for quantifying Plasmodium falciparum parasites in experimentally infected human adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Y. T. Wang ◽  
Emma L. Ballard ◽  
Zuleima Pava ◽  
Louise Marquart ◽  
Jane Gaydon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
18S Rrna ◽  
Drug Efficacy ◽  
18S Rrna Gene ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Qpcr Assay ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Analytical Sensitivity ◽  
Blood Samples

Abstract Background Volunteer infection studies have become a standard model for evaluating drug efficacy against Plasmodium infections. Molecular techniques such as qPCR are used in these studies due to their ability to provide robust and accurate estimates of parasitaemia at increased sensitivity compared to microscopy. The validity and reliability of assays need to be ensured when used to evaluate the efficacy of candidate drugs in clinical trials. Methods A previously described 18S rRNA gene qPCR assay for quantifying Plasmodium falciparum in blood samples was evaluated. Assay performance characteristics including analytical sensitivity, reportable range, precision, accuracy and specificity were assessed using experimental data and data compiled from phase 1 volunteer infection studies conducted between 2013 and 2019. Guidelines for validation of laboratory-developed molecular assays were followed. Results The reportable range was 1.50 to 6.50 log10 parasites/mL with a limit of detection of 2.045 log10 parasites/mL of whole blood based on a parasite diluted standard series over this range. The assay was highly reproducible with minimal intra-assay (SD = 0.456 quantification cycle (Cq) units [0.137 log10 parasites/mL] over 21 replicates) and inter-assay (SD = 0.604 Cq units [0.182 log10 parasites/mL] over 786 qPCR runs) variability. Through an external quality assurance program, the QIMR assay was shown to generate accurate results (quantitative bias + 0.019 log10 parasites/mL against nominal values). Specificity was 100% after assessing 164 parasite-free human blood samples. Conclusions The 18S rRNA gene qPCR assay is specific and highly reproducible and can provide reliable and accurate parasite quantification. The assay is considered fit for use in evaluating drug efficacy in malaria clinical trials.

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