scholarly journals Prevalence and distribution pattern of Cryptosporidium spp. among pre-weaned diarrheic calves in the Republic of Korea

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. e0259824
Author(s):  
Dong-Hun Jang ◽  
Hyung-Chul Cho ◽  
Seung-Uk Shin ◽  
Eun-Mi Kim ◽  
Yu-Jin Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
Infection Rate ◽  
18S Rrna ◽  
18S Rrna Gene ◽  
Republic Of Korea ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Diarrheic Calves

Cryptosporidium spp. are protozoan parasites that belong to subphylum apicomplexa and cause diarrhea in humans and animals worldwide. Data on the prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. and its subtypes among calves in the Republic of Korea (KOR) are sparse. Hence, our study aimed to investigate the prevalence and association between the age of calf and the identified Cryptosporidium spp. and to determine the genotypes/subtypes of Cryptosporidium spp. in pre-weaned calves with diarrhea in the KOR. A total of 460 diarrheic fecal samples were collected from calves aged 1−60 days and screened for Cryptosporidium spp. by the 18S rRNA gene. Species identification was determined using the sequencing analysis of the 18S rRNA gene, and C. parvum-positive samples were subtyped via the sequence analysis of the 60-kDa glycoprotein (gp60) gene. Sequence analysis based on the 18S rRNA gene revealed the presence of three Cryptosporidium spp., namely, C. parvum (n = 72), C. ryanae (n = 12), and C. bovis (n = 2). Co-infection by these species was not observed. The infection rate was the highest in calves aged 11−20 days (26.1%, 95% CI 17.1−35.1), whereas the lowest rate was observed in calves aged 21−30 days (7.7%, 95% CI 0.0−16.1). The prevalence of C. parvum was detected exclusively in calves aged ≤20 days, and the highest infection rate of C. ryanae was seen in calves ≥31 days of age. The occurrence of C. parvum (χ2 = 25.300, P = 0.000) and C. ryanae (χ2 = 18.020, P = 0.001) was significantly associated with the age of the calves. Eleven different subtypes of the IIa family that belonging to C. parvum were recognized via the sequence analyses of the gp60 gene. Except for two (IIaA18G3R1 and IIaA15G2R1) subtypes, nine subtypes were first identified in calves with diarrhea in the KOR. IIaA18G3R1 was the most frequently detected subtype (72.2% of calves), followed by IIaA17G3R1 (5.6%), IIaA15G2R1 (4.2%), IIaA19G4R1 (4.2%), IIaA16G4R1 (2.8%), IIaA17G4R1 (2.8%), IIaA19G3R (2.8%), IIaA14G1R1 (1.4%), IIaA14G3R1 (1.4%), IIaA15G1R1 (1.4%), and IIaA19G1R1 (1.4%) These results suggest that the prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. is significantly associated with calf age. Furthermore, the findings demonstrate the high genetic diversity of C. parvum and the widespread occurrence of zoonotic C. parvum in pre-weaned calves. Hence, calves are a potential source of zoonotic transmission with considerable public health implications.

scholarly journals Molecular Characterization of Ciliate Diversity in Stream Biofilms

2008 ◽  
Vol 74 (6) ◽  
pp. 1740-1747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Dopheide ◽  
Gavin Lear ◽  
Rebecca Stott ◽  
Gillian Lewis
Keyword(s):  
18S Rrna ◽  
Pcr Primers ◽  
18S Rrna Gene ◽  
Sequence Diversity ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
Stream Biofilms

ABSTRACT Free-living protozoa are thought to be of fundamental importance in aquatic ecosystems, but there is limited understanding of their diversity and ecological role, particularly in surface-associated communities such as biofilms. Existing eukaryote-specific PCR primers were used to survey 18S rRNA gene sequence diversity in stream biofilms but poorly revealed protozoan diversity, demonstrating a need for protozoan-targeted primers. Group-specific PCR primers targeting 18S rRNA genes of the protozoan phylum Ciliophora were therefore designed and tested using DNA extracted from cultured protozoan isolates. The two most reliable primer combinations were applied to stream biofilm DNA, followed by cloning and sequencing analysis. Of 44 clones derived from primer set 384F/1147R, 86% were of probable ciliate origin, as were 25% of 44 clones detected by primer set 121F/1147R. A further 29% of 121F/1147R-detected clones matched sequences from the closely related phylum Apicomplexa. The highly ciliate-specific primer set 384F/1147R was subsequently used in PCRs on biofilm DNA from four streams exhibiting different levels of human impact, revealing differences in ciliate sequence diversity in samples from each site. Of a total of 240 clones, 73% were of probable ciliate origin; 54 different putative ciliate sequences were detected from throughout seven taxonomic ciliate classes. Sequences from Oligohymenophorea were most commonly detected in all samples, followed by either Spirotrichea or Phyllopharyngea. Restriction fragment length polymorphism profile-based analysis of clones suggested a potentially higher level of diversity than did sequencing. Nevertheless, newly designed PCR primers 384F/1147R were considered to provide an effective molecular basis for characterization of ciliate diversity in stream biofilms.

scholarly journals Partial Sequence Analysis of the 5S to 18S rRNA Gene Region of the Maize Mitochondrial Genome

1983 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 190-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiaoman Chao ◽  
Ronald R. Sederoff ◽  
Charles S. Levings
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
Mitochondrial Genome ◽  
18S Rrna ◽  
18S Rrna Gene ◽  
Gene Region ◽  
Partial Sequence ◽  
Rrna Gene

scholarly journals Survey and Molecular Study of Babesia gibsoni in Dogs of Baghdad Province, Iraq

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 ((E0)) ◽  
pp. 34-41
Author(s):  
Naseir M. Badawi ◽  
Afaf A. Yousif
Keyword(s):  
Infection Rate ◽  
18S Rrna ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Molecular Study ◽  
18S Rrna Gene ◽  
Universal Primers ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Babesia Gibsoni

This study aimed to detect Babesia gibsoni (B. gibsoni) in dogs of different ages, sex and breeds in Baghdad province by microscopic and molecular investigations using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), sequencing, and phylogenetic analyses. The present study was investigated B. gibsoni in 310 blood samples of dogs for the period December 2018 to September 2019 in Baghdad province, Iraq. The molecular study was carried out by using universal primers of Babesia spp. (PIRO-A and PIRO-B) and specific primers of B. gibsoni (BAGIF and BAGIR) products size of 410 bp and 488 bp fragments of 18S rRNA gene respectively. The clinical signs revealed higher percentage and specific clinical signs of B. gibsoni as depression, anorexia, fever, pale mucus membrane, and ticks infestation, however icterus, and dead were low in which only occurred in two dogs out of infected dogs. The PCR assay and microscopic diagnosis revealed the infection rate of B. gibsoni 9 out of 310 (2.9%) in dogs. The sequence data analyses of nine DNA products were 98-100% similar to sequences of 18S rRNA gene of B. gibsoni data available in Gene bank. According to breed, age, and sex, the results revealed a significantly high-risk factor of infection in Husky dogs; B. gibsoni detected in females which was increased non-significantly than males; while the highest occurrence of disease was in young dogs aged three years or less in addition to the above, the infection rate of B. gibsoni was high in the spring season. In conclusion, this study was considered the first molecular record of B. gibsoni in Baghdad, Iraq documented no differences in diagnosis by blood smear and conventional PCR to amplify of 18S rRNA gene and partial sequencing of B. gibsoni with low-cost method and easily done.

scholarly journals Genetic and Antigenic Evidence Supports the Separation of Hepatozoon canis and Hepatozoon americanum at the Species Level

2000 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 1298-1301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gad Baneth ◽  
John R. Barta ◽  
Varda Shkap ◽  
Donald S. Martin ◽  
Douglass K. Macintire ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
18S Rrna ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
18S Rrna Gene ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Hepatozoon Canis ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Western Immunoblotting ◽  
Hepatozoon Americanum

Recognition of Hepatozoon canis and Hepatozoon americanum as distinct species was supported by the results of Western immunoblotting of canine anti-H. canis and anti-H. americanum sera against H. canisgamonts. Sequence analysis of 368 bases near the 3′ end of the 18S rRNA gene from each species revealed a pairwise difference of 13.59%.

scholarly journals Iron encrustations on filamentous algae colonized by <i>Gallionella</i>-related bacteria in a metal-polluted freshwater stream

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (18) ◽  
pp. 5277-5289 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Mori ◽  
T. R. Neu ◽  
S. Lu ◽  
M. Händel ◽  
K. U. Totsche ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
18S Rrna ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
18S Rrna Gene ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Mining District ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Freshwater Algae

Abstract. Filamentous macroscopic algae were observed in slightly acidic to circumneutral (pH 5.9–6.5), metal-rich stream water that leaked out from a former uranium mining district (Ronneburg, Germany). These algae differed in color and morphology and were encrusted with Fe-deposits. To elucidate their potential interaction with Fe(II)-oxidizing bacteria (FeOB), we collected algal samples at three time points during summer 2013 and studied the algae-bacteria-mineral compositions via confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, and a 16S and 18S rRNA gene-based bacterial and algae community analysis. Surprisingly, sequencing analysis of 18S rRNA gene regions of green and brown algae revealed high homologies with the freshwater algae Tribonema (99.9–100 %). CLSM imaging indicated a loss of active chloroplasts in the algae cells, which may be responsible for the change in color in

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