scholarly journals A Comparison of the Frictional Characteristics of Five Initial Alignment Wires and Stainless Steel Brackets at Three Bracket to Wire Angulations—an in Vitro Study

1994 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. S. Dickson ◽  
S. P. Jones ◽  
E. H. Davies
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Frictional Resistance ◽  
Vitro Study ◽  
Coated Steel ◽  
Fibre Optic ◽  
Initial Alignment ◽  
The Coefficient Of Friction

The study investigated static planar frictional resistance between five initial alignment wires and stainless steel brackets at three brackets to wire angulations (0, 5 and 10 degrees). It was demonstrated that static frictional resistance increased significantly with increasing bracket to wire angulation due to binding within the system. Epoxy-coated steel had the highest static frictional resistance and coaxial stainless steel the lowest. Fibre-optic glass (Optiflex®) had low frictional resistance. The coefficient of friction followed the trends of static frictional resistance in all respects.

Determination of coefficient of friction between the equine foot and different ground surfaces: an in vitro study

2006 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 191-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas J Vos ◽  
Dirk J Riemersma
Keyword(s):  
Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Force Plate ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Gravity Force ◽  
Uniform Motion ◽  
The Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Equine Industry

AbstractSlippery surfaces are a continuous concern in equine veterinary practice during both treatment and orthopaedic work-ups, especially when horses have to trot on circles. Sliding of the equine foot on the ground with the potential of injury is prevented if the horizontally acting accelerating or decelerating forces on the foot do not exceed maximal friction. Friction can be calculated and therefore anticipated if the coefficient of friction (μ) between the foot of the horse and the particular ground surface is known. Friction between shod and unshod cadaver equine hooves and different ground surfaces (concrete, tarmac and rubber) was determined by pulling the hooves horizontally in a uniform motion. Horizontal forces (Fh) were measured on a force plate and with a portable digital electronic force meter. The coefficient of friction (μ) was calculated as the quotient between Fh and the gravity force (N) of the object, hence: μ = Fh /N. This study has shown that the coefficient of friction between equine hooves and a specific ground surface can be determined using a portable digital force meter or a force plate. Friction significantly depended not only on the type of surface but also on shoeing of the equine foot. Bare feet showed more friction with the hard surfaces (bricks and tarmac), the shod feet showing more friction with the rubber surfaces. Coefficients of friction could be used to estimate the possibility of injuries occurring in the equine industry during exercise and/or lameness or pre-purchase examinations.

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