An Analysis of Goal Achievement Orientation and Sport Morality Levels of Division I-A Nonrevenue Collegiate Athletes

Background: Preinjury running biomechanics are an ideal comparator for quantifying recovery after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction (ACLR), allowing for assessments within the surgical and nonsurgical limbs. However, availability of preinjury running biomechanics is rare and has been reported in case studies only. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to determine if running biomechanics return to preinjury levels within the first year after ACLR among collegiate athletes. We hypothesized that (1) surgical knee biomechanics would be significantly reduced shortly after ACLR and would not return to preinjury levels by 12 months and (2) nonsurgical limb mechanics would change significantly from preinjury. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: Thirteen Division I collegiate athletes were identified between 2015 and 2020 (6 female; mean ± SD age, 20.7 ± 1.3 years old) who had whole body kinematics and ground-reaction forces recorded during treadmill running (3.7 ± 0.6 m/s) before sustaining an ACL injury. Running analyses were repeated at 4, 6, 8, and 12 months (4M, 6M, 8M, 12M) after ACLR. Linear mixed effects models were used to assess differences in running biomechanics between post-ACLR time points and preinjury within each limb, reported as Tukey-adjusted P values. Results: When compared with preinjury, the surgical limb displayed significant deficits at all postoperative assessments ( P values <.01; values reported as least squares mean difference [SE]): peak knee flexion angle (4M, 13.2° [1.4°]; 6M, 9.9° [1.4°]; 8M, 9.8° [1.4°]; 12M, 9.0° [1.5°]), peak knee extensor moment (N·m/kg; 4M, 1.32 [0.13]; 6M, 1.04 [0.13]; 8M, 1.04 [0.13]; 12M, 0.87 [0.15]; 38%-57% deficit), and rate of knee extensor moment (N·m/kg/s; 4M, 22.7 [2.4]; 6M, 17.9 [2.3]; 8M, 17.5 [2.4]; 12M, 16.1 [2.6]; 33%-46% deficit). No changes for these variables from preinjury ( P values >.88) were identified in the nonsurgical limb. Conclusion: After ACLR, surgical limb knee running biomechanics were not restored to the preinjury state by 12M, while nonsurgical limb mechanics remained unchanged as compared with preinjury. Collegiate athletes after ACLR demonstrate substantial deficits in running mechanics as compared with preinjury that persist beyond the typical return-to-sport time frame. The nonsurgical knee appears to be a valid reference for recovery of the surgical knee mechanics during running, owing to the lack of change within the nonsurgical limb.

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Influence of Warm-Up Music Preference on Anaerobic Exercise Performance in Division I NCAA Female Athletes

Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology ◽

10.3390/jfmk6030064 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 64

Author(s):

Corinne E. Meglic ◽

Caroline M. Orman ◽

Rebecca R. Rogers ◽

Tyler D. Williams ◽

Christopher G. Ballmann

Keyword(s):

Perceived Exertion ◽

Female Athletes ◽

Recovery Period ◽

Collegiate Athletes ◽

Anaerobic Exercise ◽

Division I ◽

Total Work ◽

Active Recovery ◽

Mean Power ◽

Warm Up

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of listening to preferred versus non-preferred warm-up music on anaerobic sprint performance in Division I NCAA female athletes. Female collegiate athletes (n = 14) were recruited for this study. In a counterbalanced, crossover study design, participants completed two separate visits, each with a different warm-up music condition: preferred (Pref) or non-preferred (Non-pref). During each visit, participants completed a 3 min standardized cycling warm-up at 50 Watts while listening to Pref or Non-pref music. Following this, participants completed 3 × 15 s Wingate Anaerobic Tests (WAnTs) with a 2 min active recovery period in between tests. Motivation to exercise was measured immediately following the warm-up (WU), WAnT1, WAnT2, and WAnT3. The rate of perceived exertion (RPE) was also measured after each WAnT. Each visit was separated by a minimal recovery period of 48 h. Mean power, total work, RPE, and motivation were analyzed. Mean power (p = 0.044; d = 0.91) and total work (p = 0.045; d = 0.78) were significantly higher during the Pref music condition versus Non-pref. RPE remained unchanged regardless of condition (p = 0.536; d = 0.01). Motivation was significantly higher with Pref warm-up music compared to Non-pref (p < 0.001; d = 1.55). These results show that listening to Pref warm-up music has an ergogenic benefit during repeated sprints in comparison to Non-pref music and improves motivation to exercise. Listening to warm-up music prior to high-intensity repeated exercise may aid in optimizing performance and training in collegiate athletes.

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Slower visuomotor reaction time in division-I collegiate athletes with a history of ankle sprain

Research in Sports Medicine ◽

10.1080/15438627.2021.1996361 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Kyeongtak Song ◽

Johanna M. Hoch ◽

Carolina Quintana ◽

Nicholas R. Heebner ◽

Matthew C. Hoch

Keyword(s):

Reaction Time ◽

Ankle Sprain ◽

Collegiate Athletes ◽

Division I ◽

History Of

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Learning from the Experiences of Collegiate Athletes Living through a Season- or Career-Ending Injury

Journal of Amateur Sport ◽

10.17161/jas.v7i1.14501 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Matt A Moore ◽

Sasa Vann ◽

Allison Blake

Keyword(s):

Posttraumatic Growth ◽

Lived Experiences ◽

Strong Support ◽

Collegiate Athletes ◽

Well Being ◽

Phenomenological Approach ◽

Coping Mechanisms ◽

Division I ◽

Growth Responses ◽

Post Injury

An athlete’s identity is often related to the goals of their team and their ability to achieve excellence in sport. A threat to an athlete’s identity is a season- or career-ending injury. Athletes can respond to season- or career-ending injuries in ways detrimental to their psychosocial well-being (Ivarsson, Tranaeus, Johnson, & Stenling 2017). This study built upon existing knowledge by seeking to better understand the lived experiences of Division I collegiate athletes who experienced a season- or career-ending injury. There is a need for ongoing recommendations for helping athletes process their injuries. Researchers used a descriptive phenomenological approach. Researchers interviewed ten college athletes who experienced a season- or career-ending injury. Themes included: (1) physical and emotional stress, (2) resistance to resiliency, (3) importance of relationships with others, and (4) appreciation and cultivation for new possibilities outside of sport. This research provided insight for behavioral health professionals on injury response. This included the need for Posttraumatic Growth responses such as (1) building strong support pre- and post-injury, (2) recognizing healthy coping mechanisms, (3) cultivating new identities for athletes, (4) helping an athlete with identity loss, (5) helping athletes recognize new possibilities post-injury, and (6) helping an athlete maintain an appreciation for life.

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Sport-specific differences in dynamic visual acuity and gaze stabilization in division-I collegiate athletes

Journal of Vestibular Research ◽

10.3233/ves-200710 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 30 (4) ◽

pp. 249-257

Author(s):

C. Quintana ◽

N.R. Heebner ◽

A.D. Olson ◽

J.P. Abt ◽

M.C. Hoch

Keyword(s):

Visual Acuity ◽

A Priori ◽

Collegiate Athletes ◽

Division I ◽

Normative Values ◽

Dynamic Visual Acuity ◽

Gaze Stabilization ◽

Concussion Management ◽

Vestibular Ocular Reflex ◽

Concussion History

BACKGROUND: The vestibular-ocular reflex (VOR) integrates the vestibular and ocular systems to maintain gaze during head motion. This reflex is often negatively affected following sport-related concussion. Objective measures of gaze stability, a function mediated by the VOR, such as the computerized dynamic visual acuity test (DVAT) and gaze stabilization test (GST), may have utility in concussion management. However, normative data specific to sport, sex, or concussion history have not been established in collegiate athletes. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to establish normative values for the DVAT and GST in collegiate athletes and explore the effect of sport, sex, and concussion history on VOR assessments. METHODS: The DVAT and GST were completed by 124 collegiate athletes (72 male, 52 female, mean±SD, age: 19.71±1.74 years, height: 173.99±13.97 cm, weight: 80.06±26.52 kg) recruited from Division-I athletic teams (football, soccer and cheerleading). The DVAT and GST were performed in the rightward and leftward directions during a single session in a standardized environment. Normative values for DVAT and GST measures were expressed as percentiles. Non-parametric statistics were used to compare differences between groups based on sex, sport, and concussion history. Alpha was set a-priori at 0.05. RESULTS: Overall, the median LogMAR unit for 124 athletes completing the DVAT was 0 (IQR = 0.17) for both leftward and rightward. The median velocities achieved on the GST were 145 °/sec and 150 °/sec (IQR = 45 and 40) for the leftward and rightward directions respectively. Significant differences were observed between sports (p = 0.001–0.17) for the GST with cheerleading demonstrating higher velocities than the other sports. However, no significant differences were identified based on sex (p≥0.09) or history of concussion (p≥0.15). CONCLUSIONS: Normative estimates for the DVAT and GST may assist in the clinical interpretation of outcomes when used in post-concussion evaluation for collegiate athletes. Although sex and previous concussion history had no effect on the DVAT or GST, performance on these measures may be influenced by type of sport. Sport-related differences in the GST may reflect VOR adaptations based on individual sport-specific demands.

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Control your cravings: Self-controlled food choice varies by eating attitudes, sex, and food type among Division I collegiate athletes

Psychology of Sport and Exercise ◽

10.1016/j.psychsport.2015.02.004 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 19 ◽

pp. 18-22 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Gregory J. Privitera ◽

Elizabeth K. Dickinson

Keyword(s):

Food Choice ◽

Collegiate Athletes ◽

Eating Attitudes ◽

Division I ◽

Food Type

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Female Athletes in Retirement: A Test of a Psychosocial Model of Bulimic Symptomatology

Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology ◽

10.1123/jsep.2020-0023 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 42 (6) ◽

pp. 490-499

Author(s):

Stephanie L. Barrett ◽

Trent A. Petrie

Keyword(s):

Eating Disorders ◽

Ncaa Division I ◽

Latent Variables ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Female Athletes ◽

Collegiate Athletes ◽

Division I ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Female Collegiate Athletes ◽

Psychosocial Model

Although researchers have examined eating disorders in female athletes, few such studies have been done with athletes who are retired, and even fewer have been quantitative. Thus, the authors empirically tested an established eating disorder theoretical model with 218 former NCAA Division-I female collegiate athletes who had been retired for 2–6 years. In retirement, participants completed measures of general sociocultural pressures related to body and appearance, thin-ideal internalization, body dissatisfaction, dietary restraint, negative affect, and bulimic symptomatology. Through structural equation modeling, the authors examined the direct and indirect relationships among the latent variables while controlling for body mass index and years since retirement. The model fit the data well, supporting the hypothesized direct and indirect relationships among the variables and explaining 54% of the variance in bulimic symptomatology. Despite no longer being exposed to sport pressures that contribute to eating disorders, female athletes experience such symptoms long into retirement.

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Examination of Mental Health Risks and Injury Prevalence in NCAA Division I Collegiate Athletes

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise ◽

10.1249/01.mss.0000562823.31416.e4 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 51 (Supplement) ◽

pp. 778

Author(s):

Jane Sweeney ◽

Toni M. Torres-McGehee ◽

Samantha R. Weber ◽

Robert Davis Moore ◽

Jacob Kay

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Health Risks ◽

Ncaa Division I ◽

Collegiate Athletes ◽

Division I

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A Longitudinal Pilot Study of Depressive Symptoms in Concussed and Injured/Nonconcussed National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I Student-Athletes

Journal of Athletic Training ◽

10.4085/1062-6050-49.3.83 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 50 (3) ◽

pp. 256-261 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Trevor Roiger ◽

Lee Weidauer ◽

Bryce Kern

Keyword(s):

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Student Athletes ◽

National Collegiate Athletic Association ◽

Epidemiologic Study ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Collegiate Athletes ◽

Signs And Symptoms ◽

Epidemiologic Studies ◽

Division I ◽

Wide Range

Context: Depression, which affects millions of Americans each year, among them collegiate student-athletes, can be caused by a wide range of circumstances, including sport-related injuries. Objective: To longitudinally examine the extent to which National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I student-athletes demonstrated postinjury depressive symptoms. Design: Descriptive epidemiologic study. Setting: National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I collegiate athletics. Patients or Other Participants: Concussed, injured/nonconcussed, and healthy Division I collegiate student-athletes (aged 18–22 years) competing in men's basketball, football, and wrestling and women's basketball, soccer, and volleyball. Main Outcome Measure(s): Participants completed the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale at baseline and at 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months postinjury. We measured differences in depressive scores among concussed, injured/nonconcussed, and healthy participants. Longitudinal changes in postconcussion depressive symptoms were also examined. Results: No differences in baseline depressive symptoms among subgroups were noted. After an increase between baseline and 1 week (4.3, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.41, 8.16, P = .02), depressive symptoms in the concussion group decreased between 1 week and 1 month (−2.7, 95% CI = −4.96, −0.47, P = .01) and between 1 week and 3 months (−4.0, 95% CI = −6.50, −1.49, P = .004). The injured/nonconcussed group showed differences between baseline and 1 week (4.6, 95% CI = 1.08, 8.17, P = .009) and between baseline and 1 month (3.2, 95% CI = −0.05, 6.30, P = .03). No significant differences were present in depressive symptoms between concussed participants and injured/nonconcussed participants at any of the postinjury time points. Conclusions: Depression may present as a postinjury sequela in Division I collegiate athletes. Athletes who sustain a concussion or other injury resulting in time lost from practice or competition need to be observed carefully for signs and symptoms that may indicate depression. Tools such as the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale can be valuable in helping clinicians to recognize and manage depressive symptoms in these individuals.

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