Particle Size and Shape Effects in Materials Science: Examples from Polymer and Paper Systems

Clay Minerals ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 509-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Polymer Melt ◽  
Optical Data ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Mineral Particles ◽  
Drainage Rate ◽  
Shape Effects ◽  
Particle Size And Shape ◽  
Mineral Fillers

AbstractLarge quantities of clay minerals (and other micron-sized mineral powders) are used widely in materials science. Mineral fillers are major components, for example, of paints, rubber, plastics and paper and board. While the original object of such incorporation was to reduce costs, performance is now being “engineered” by design or choice of the relevant mineral particles. This paper concentrates on the use of mineral powders in polymer and paper science. In both application areas, the size and shape of the mineral particles can affect mechanical properties such as stiffness and tensile and impact strength. However, other characteristics are also modified. For example, the drainage rate in paper formation and the rheology of a polymer melt, properties which are critically important to the rate of processing of the relevant materials, can be greatly affected. Finally, the size and shape of the mineral particles also affect appearance, i.e. the smoothness, uniformity, optical properties etc. Mechanical and rheological data are presented for mineral-filled polypropylene, as are mechanical and optical data for filled and coated paper.

Effect of starting powder morphology on AlN prepared by combustion reaction

2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 659-665 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaeryeong Lee ◽  
Ikkyu Lee ◽  
Dongjin Kim ◽  
Jonggwan Ahn ◽  
Hunsaeng Chung
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Wave Propagation ◽  
Combustion Reaction ◽  
Nitrogen Gas ◽  
Powder Morphology ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Combustion Wave Propagation ◽  
Shape Effects ◽  
Al Powder ◽  
Particle Size And Shape

The particle size and shape effects of starting raw powders on the synthesis of aluminum nitride by combustion reaction technique were investigated with four sizes of AlN powder as diluent and two shapes of Al powder as reactant. It was found that the structure of beds of starting particles significantly affected the pore channels for nitrogen gas accessibility into a mixture compact and the passages for combustion wave propagation through particles, resulting in changes of AlN product morphology and purity. Through control of the starting particle size and shape, high-purity (over 98%) AlN products several tens of microns in size were synthesized.

Particle size and shape effects on the surface mechanical properties of aluminium coated with carbonaceous materials

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baidehish Sahoo ◽  
Jomy Joseph ◽  
Abhishek Sharma ◽  
Jinu Paul
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Indentation Hardness ◽  
Carbonaceous Materials ◽  
General Observation ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Particle Size And Shape

Influence of particle size and shape of carbonaceous materials on the surface mechanical properties of Aluminium-1100 substrates is evaluated. The aluminium surface is impregnated with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (one dimensional), Graphene nanoplatelets (two dimensional) and graphite flakes (three dimensional) of various sizes. An electrical resistance heat assisted pressing technique was used for localised melting of the aluminium substrate followed by the mechanical impregnation of the carbonaceous materials. Surface mechanical properties of the so obtained surface composites were evaluated by microhardness and nanoindentation studies. A general observation is that the indentation hardness and Young’s modulus increase as the shape changes from three dimensional to one dimensional and also with the reduction in particle size. The maximum surface hardness achieved for each of these particles and the processing conditions at which the best properties are attained give insights into the prevailing hardening mechanisms. Raman spectroscopic analysis, which shows a variable shift and change in intensity ratios of the corresponding G, D and 2D bands, corroborates the experimental observations.

Particle size and shape effects in medical syringe needles: experiments and simulations for polymer microparticle injection

2011 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 1975-1983 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. Whitaker ◽  
Paul Langston ◽  
Andrew Naylor ◽  
Barry J. Azzopardi ◽  
Steven M. Howdle
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Shape Effects ◽  
Polymer Microparticle ◽  
Particle Size And Shape ◽  
Medical Syringe

A Study on Polymer Particle Flow in a Disk Zone of a Screw-Disk Extruder

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomasz Rydzkowski ◽  
Iwona Michalska-Pożoga
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Computer Simulations ◽  
Particle Motion ◽  
Polymer Melt ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Polymer Particle ◽  
Particle Flow ◽  
Material Particle ◽  
Motion Trajectories ◽  
Stretching Effect

Abstract The paper presents the summary of research on polymer melt particle motion trajectories in a disc zone of a screw-disk extruder. We analysed two models of its structure, different in levels of taken simplifications. The analysis includes computer simulations of material particle flow and results of experimental tests to determine the properties of the resultant extrudate. Analysis of the results shows that the motion of melt in the disk zone of a screw-disk extruder is a superposition of pressure and dragged streams. The observed trajectories of polymer particles and relations of mechanical properties and elongation of the molecular chain proved the presence of a stretching effect on polymer molecular chains.

Ultrasonic Torsion Welding of Aging Resistant Al/CFRP Joints - Concepts, Mechanical and Microstructural Properties

2017 ◽  
Vol 742 ◽  
pp. 395-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Staab ◽  
Frank Balle ◽  
Johannes Born
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Dissimilar Materials ◽  
Material Design ◽  
Ultrasonic Welding ◽  
Fatigue Properties ◽  
Aviation Industry ◽  
Efficient Design ◽  
Engineering Structures

Multi-material-design offers high potential for weight saving and optimization of engineering structures but inherits challenges as well, especially robust joining methods and long-term properties of hybrid structures. The application of joining techniques like ultrasonic welding allows a very efficient design of multi-material-components to enable further use of material specific advantages and are superior concerning mechanical properties.The Institute of Materials Science and Engineering of the University of Kaiserslautern (WKK) has a long-time experience on ultrasonic welding of dissimilar materials, for example different kinds of CFRP, light metals, steels or even glasses and ceramics. The mechanical properties are mostly optimized by using ideal process parameters, determined through statistical test planning methods.This gained knowledge is now to be transferred to application in aviation industry in cooperation with CTC GmbH and Airbus Operations GmbH. Therefore aircraft-related materials are joined by ultrasonic welding. The applied process parameters are recorded and analyzed in detail to be interlinked with the resulting mechanical properties of the hybrid joints. Aircraft derived multi-material demonstrators will be designed, manufactured and characterized with respect to their monotonic and fatigue properties as well as their resistance to aging.

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