The effect of a copolymer inhibitor on baryte precipitation

In situ atomic force microscopy (AFM) experiments were used to study the effect of trace amounts of a commercial inhibitor on the (001) baryte surface during growth. The additive tested was a copolymer, used as a scale inhibitor in oil recovery (maleic acid/allyl sulfonic acid copolymer with phosphonate groups, partial sodium salt). The morphology of the growth was used to gain a better understanding of the inhibition mechanism. Without an inhibitor, barium sulfate growth occurred by 2D island nucleation and spreading. The addition of a small amount (0.1 ppm and 0.5 ppm) of copolymer inhibitor enhances 2D nucleation but blocks growth. Just 1 ppm of inhibitor blocks nucleation and growth by adsorption of a copolymer layer onto the baryte surface. Similarly in 3D studies, small amounts of inhibitor seem to act on growth and not on nucleation and larger amounts of copolymer act on both by adsorption of the copolymer to all baryte surfaces keeping the particles in their embryo stage.

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Nucleation and Growth of Supported Metal Clusters at Defect Sites on Mgo and NaCl (001) Surfaces: The Cases of Pd and Ag

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-570-51 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 570 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

J. A. Venables ◽

G. Haas ◽

H. Brune ◽

J.H. Harding

Keyword(s):

Deposition Temperature ◽

Metal Clusters ◽

Variable Temperature ◽

Nucleation And Growth ◽

Force Microscopy ◽

Atomic Force ◽

Defect Sites ◽

Wide Range ◽

Adsorption Surface

ABSTRACTNucleation and growth of metal clusters at defect sites is discussed in terms of rate equation models, which are applied to the cases of Pd and Ag on MgO(001) and NaCl(001) surfaces. Pd/MgO has been studied experimentally by variable temperature atomic force microscopy (AFM). The island density of Pd on Ar-cleaved surfaces was determined in-situ by AFM for a wide range of deposition temperature and flux, and stays constant over a remarkably wide range of parameters; for a particular flux, this plateau extends from 200 K ≤ T ≤ 600 K, but at higher temperatures the density decreases. The range of energies for defect trapping, adsorption, surface diffusion and pair binding are deduced, and compared with earlier data for Ag on NaCl, and with recent calculations for these metals on both NaCl and MgO

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In situ atomic force microscopy studies of electrodeposition mechanism of cerium oxide films: nucleation and growth out of a gel mass precursor

Electrochimica Acta ◽

10.1016/s0013-4686(96)00433-1 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 42 (16) ◽

pp. 2455-2464 ◽

Cited By ~ 55

Author(s):

Feng-Bin Li ◽

R.C. Newman ◽

G.E. Thompson

Keyword(s):

Atomic Force Microscopy ◽

Cerium Oxide ◽

Oxide Films ◽

Nucleation And Growth ◽

Force Microscopy ◽

Atomic Force

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Solid-electrolyte interphase nucleation and growth on carbonaceous negative electrodes for Li-ion batteries visualized with in situ atomic force microscopy

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-65552-6 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Sergey Yu. Luchkin ◽

Svetlana A. Lipovskikh ◽

Natalia S. Katorova ◽

Aleksandra A. Savina ◽

Artem M. Abakumov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Atomic Force Microscopy ◽

Solid Electrolyte ◽

Solid Electrolyte Interphase ◽

Nucleation And Growth ◽

Li Ion Batteries ◽

Force Microscopy ◽

Electrode Potentials ◽

Atomic Force ◽

Li Ion

Abstract Li-ion battery performance and life cycle strongly depend on a passivation layer called solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI). Its structure and composition are studied in great details, while its formation process remains elusive due to difficulty of in situ measurements of battery electrodes. Here we provide a facile methodology for in situ atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements of SEI formation on cross-sectioned composite battery electrodes allowing for direct observations of SEI formation on various types of carbonaceous negative electrode materials for Li-ion batteries. Using this approach, we observed SEI nucleation and growth on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG), MesoCarbon MicroBeads (MCMB) graphite, and non-graphitizable amorphous carbon (hard carbon). Besides the details of the formation mechanism, the electrical and mechanical properties of the SEI layers were assessed. The comparative observations revealed that the electrode potentials for SEI formation differ depending on the nature of the electrode material, whereas the adhesion of SEI to the electrode surface clearly correlates with the surface roughness of the electrode. Finally, the same approach applied to a positive LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 electrode did not reveal any signature of cathodic SEI thus demonstrating fundamental differences in the stabilization mechanisms of the negative and positive electrodes in Li-ion batteries.

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Direct Visualization of Nucleation and Growth Processes of Solid Electrolyte Interphase Film Using in Situ Atomic Force Microscopy

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces ◽

10.1021/acsami.7b05613 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (26) ◽

pp. 22063-22067 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Yang Shi ◽

Hui-Juan Yan ◽

Rui Wen ◽

Li-Jun Wan

Keyword(s):

Atomic Force Microscopy ◽

Solid Electrolyte ◽

Solid Electrolyte Interphase ◽

Nucleation And Growth ◽

Direct Visualization ◽

Growth Processes ◽

Force Microscopy ◽

Solid Electrolyte Interphase Film ◽

Atomic Force

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Formation Two Dimensional Negative Islands At High Rate Cooling Of Ultra-Flat Surface Si(111)

Siberian Journal of Physics ◽

10.54362/1818-7919-2016-11-1-94-99 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 94-99

Author(s):

Sergey Sitnikov ◽

Sergey Kosolobov ◽

Aleksandr Latyshev

Keyword(s):

Elevated Temperatures ◽

High Rate ◽

Ex Situ ◽

Two Dimensional ◽

Island Nucleation ◽

Force Microscopy ◽

Atomic Force ◽

Atomic Mechanism ◽

Negative Islands

In situ ultrahigh vacuum reflection electron and ex situ atomic force microscopy have been applied to investigate morphology transformations of the ultra-flat stepped Si(111) surface with wide (20–50 µm in diameter) singular terraces during sublimation and quenching from elevated temperatures. The formation of two dimensional negative (vacancy) islands has been observed on the wide terraces after the quenching from temperatures above 1 200°C. The increasing of the critical terrace size for the two-dimensional negative island nucleation has been explained by the changing of the atomic mechanism of mass transport on silicon surface.

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In Situ Observation of scaling Behavior During Solution-Phase Growth of Surfactant Monolayers

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-570-163 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 570 ◽

Author(s):

Daniel K. Schwartz ◽

Ivo Doudevski

Keyword(s):

Growth Rates ◽

Nucleation And Growth ◽

In Situ Observation ◽

Island Size ◽

Dynamical Scaling ◽

Force Microscopy ◽

Growth Regime ◽

Atomic Force ◽

Assembled Monolayers

ABSTRACT“Self-assembled” monolayers of amphiphilic surfactant molecules form spontaneously on solid surfaces by exposure to dilute solutions of the adsorbate molecules. These monolayers are shown to form via a mechanism that includes nucleation, growth, coalescence, etc. of densely- packed submonolayer islands of the long-chain organic molecules. In situ atomic force microscopy experiments allow a quantitative analysis of island nucleation and growth rates as well as determination of the island size distribution as a function of coverage. In the growth regime, the nucleation and growth rates have a power law behavior consistent with a simple point island model of 2D cluster growth. The exponents are consistent with a critical nucleus of two molecules and the 2D diffusion coefficient corresponds to a “hopping time” of about 1 microsecond. In the aggregation regime, the island size distributions are shown to scale with a single evolving length scale in accordance with the dynamical scaling approximation.

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Role of boundaries in the crystallization of amorphous films

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100105199 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 46 ◽

pp. 626-627

Author(s):

D. A. Smith

Keyword(s):

Low Temperature ◽

Amorphous State ◽

Nucleation And Growth ◽

Amorphous Films ◽

Island Nucleation ◽

Surface Steps ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Component Systems ◽

Temperature Deposition

The nucleation and growth processes which lead to the formation of a thin film are particularly amenable to investigation by transmission electron microscopy either in situ or subsequent to deposition. In situ studies have enabled the observation of island nucleation and growth, together with addition of atoms to surface steps. This paper is concerned with post-deposition crystallization of amorphous alloys. It will be argued that the processes occurring during low temperature deposition of one component systems are related but the evidence is mainly indirect. Amorphous films result when the deposition conditions such as low temperature or the presence of impurities (intentional or unintentional) preclude the atomic mobility necessary for crystallization. Representative examples of this behavior are CVD silicon grown below about 670°C, metalloids, such as antimony deposited at room temperature, binary alloys or compounds such as Cu-Ag or Cr O2, respectively. Elemental metals are not stable in the amorphous state.

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In situ studies of the spiral growth of zinc thiourea sulphate crystals with ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid doped by atomic force microscopy

Crystal Research and Technology ◽

10.1002/crat.201400107 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 49 (9) ◽

pp. 743-752 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Jie Song ◽

Mingwei Li ◽

Min Cheng ◽

Zhitao Hu ◽

Yachao Cao

Keyword(s):

Atomic Force Microscopy ◽

Ethylene Diamine Tetraacetic Acid ◽

Spiral Growth ◽

Ethylene Diamine ◽

Tetraacetic Acid ◽

Force Microscopy ◽

In Situ Studies ◽

Atomic Force

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Ultrafine metal-polymer catalysts based on polyconjugated systems for Fisher–Tropsch synthesis

Pure and Applied Chemistry ◽

10.1515/pac-2019-1114 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 92 (6) ◽

pp. 977-984

Author(s):

Mayya V. Kulikova ◽

Albert B. Kulikov ◽

Alexey E. Kuz’min ◽

Anton L. Maximov

Keyword(s):

Tropsch Synthesis ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Fischer Tropsch ◽

Force Microscopy ◽

Composite Catalysts ◽

Fe Catalyst ◽

Atomic Force ◽

And Function ◽

Metal Polymer

AbstractFor previously studied Fischer–Tropsch nanosized Fe catalyst slurries, polymer compounds with or without polyconjugating structures are used as precursors to form the catalyst nanomatrix in situ, and several catalytic experiments and X-ray diffraction and atomic force microscopy measurements are performed. The important and different roles of the paraffin molecules in the slurry medium in the formation and function of composite catalysts with the two types of aforementioned polymer matrices are revealed. In the case of the polyconjugated polymers, the alkanes in the medium are “weakly” coordinated with the metal-polymer composites, which does not affect the effectiveness of the polyconjugated polymers. Otherwise, alkane molecules form a “tight” surface layer around the composite particles, which create transport complications for the reagents and products of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis and, in some cases, can change the course of the in situ catalyst formation.

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