scholarly journals Allogeneic and Autologous Hematopoietic Transplants Can be Safely Performed after COVID-19 Infections

Blood ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 138 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 2855-2855
Author(s):  
Jeremy L. Ramdial ◽  
Rima M. Saliba ◽  
Amin M. Alousi ◽  
Gabriela Rondon ◽  
Julianne Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Median Time ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Conditioning Regimen ◽  
Stem Cell Source ◽  
Underlying Malignancy ◽  
Hematopoietic Transplantation ◽  
Cell Source ◽  
History Of

Abstract We are in the midst of a pandemic with the COVID-19 virus, a pathogen with potential severe manifestations. A major clinical question is whether it is safe to undergo hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) shortly after COVID-19 infection. A total of 21 patients received HSCT following a diagnosis of COVID-19 infection at our institution between 7/30/2020 and 4/14/2021. The majority (n=13, 62%) received an allogeneic (ALLO) HSCT from an HLA-matched related (n=5), -matched unrelated (n=6), or haploidentical (n=2) donor. The remaining 8 patients received autologous (AUTO) HSCT. Among ALLO-HSCT recipients, 4 (31%), 5 (38%), 3 (23%), and 1 (8%) patients had grade 1, 2, 3, and 4, manifestations respectively, scored according to the WHO COVID-19 infection severity grading system. Among AUTO-HSCT recipients, 5 (62%), 1 (12%), and 2 (25%) patients had grade 0, 1, and 2 manifestations, respectively. All patients had resolution of COVID-19 symptoms before HSCT. In recipients of ALLO-SCT, the median time from diagnosis of the COVID infection to HSCT was 134 (range: 55-311) days. Median age of recipients was 53 (range: 17-71) years and the majority (69%) of patients were male. Only one patient was <18 years old, and 38% were >60 years. Patients received ALLO-HSCT for treatment of acute myeloid leukemia or myelodysplastic syndrome (n=7, 54%), acute lymphoblastic leukemia (n=2, 15%), chronic lymphoblastic leukemia (n=2, 15%), and Hodgkin's (n=1, 8%) or non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (n=1, 15%). Most (62%) patients were not in remission at the time of HSCT. The median hematopoietic cell transplant-co-morbidity index (HCT-CI) score was 3 (range 0-6); one patient had a history of diabetes and another of hypertension before HSCT. Conditioning regimen was myeloablative in 61%, and stem cell source was peripheral blood (PB) in 92% of transplants. Median time to neutrophils engraftment was 15 (range: 10-20) days. With a median follow-up of 3.5 (range: 0.4-8) months since ALLO-HSCT, two patients died and another two experienced progression of the underlying malignancy. Three patients were diagnosed with grade 2 and none with grade 3 or 4 acute graft-versus-host disease (GvHD). The deaths occurred among patients with COVID-19 infection grade 2 and 3. The primary cause of death was attributed to alveolar hemorrhage/pneumonitis (no organism identified) and acute GvHD, respectively. Overall survival was 89% (95% confidence interval [CI]:43-98) and 76% (95% CI 33-93) at 3 and 6 months, respectively. In recipients of AUTO-HSCT, the median time from diagnosis of the COVID-19 infection to HSCT was 55 (range: 20-157) days. Median age of recipients was 55 (range: 34-75) years, and the majority (62%) of patients were male. One (12%) patient was >60 years. Patients received AUTO-HSCT for treatment of Hodgkin's (n=1, 15%) or non-Hodgkin's (n=4, 50%) lymphoma, or multiple myeloma (n=3, 37%). Six (75%) patients were in remission at the time of HSCT. The median HCT-CI score was 2 (range 0-6). None of the patients had a history of diabetes or hypertension before transplant. Conditioning regimen was myeloablative and stem cell source was PB for all patients. Median time to neutrophils engraftment was 10 (range: 9-13) days. With a median follow-up of 4 (range: 0.8-9) months since AUTO-HSCT, one patient with grade 1 COVID infection died as a result of a candida/cytomegalovirus infection, and none of the patients experienced progression of the underlying malignancy. Overall survival was 100% and 75% (95% CI 13-96) at 3 and 6 months respectively. After HSCT, one ALLO and two AUTO asymptomatic patients had a positive nasal swab COVID-19 PCR assay possibly due to delayed shedding of the virus. None of the 21 patients developed active COVID infections post-transplant. In conclusion, allogeneic and autologous hematopoietic transplantation can be performed in patients after COVID-19 infection. Two of 13 allogeneic and one of 8 autologous recipients experienced non-relapse mortality, none directly related to COVID-19 infection. Patients recovering from COVID-19 infection should be considered eligible for hematopoietic transplantation as clinically indicated. Disclosures Shpall: Magenta: Honoraria; Affimed: Patents & Royalties; Novartis: Honoraria; Navan: Consultancy; Magenta: Consultancy; Axio: Consultancy; Adaptimmune: Consultancy; Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals: Honoraria; Novartis: Consultancy; Takeda: Patents & Royalties. Chemaly: Other: Other: Compensation: I am a consultant and advisor on companies who are developing new agents such as Merck, Ansun, and Janssen.

Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation (allo-SCT) in 192 Acute Myeloid Leukemias (AML): A Single Center Experience From 1982 to 2010

Blood ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 118 (21) ◽  
pp. 4498-4498
Author(s):  
Carmen Montes-Gaisan ◽  
Jorge Monge ◽  
Clara Martin ◽  
Zurie Diez ◽  
Johny Alberto Hinostroza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Median Time ◽  
Chronic Gvhd ◽  
Conditioning Regimen ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Univariable Analysis ◽  
Stem Cell Source ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cell Source

Abstract Abstract 4498 Background: Giving the fact that allo- SCT currently offers patients with high risk AML the best chance of cure, we`ve aimed to investigate the outcome of AML patients who have undergone allo-SCT in our center, considered as one of spanish reference hospital in SCT, and the parameters that have been able to influence in relapse rate (RR), overall survival (OS) and relapse free survival (RFS). Methods: Retrospective study in 192 AML patients who have undergone allo-SCT between 1982 and 2010. The analysis has been performed in 171 patients (85 male and 86 female) by excluding 21 acute promyelocitic leukemias (APL): 65 patients until 1999 and 106 since 2000. Median age was 37 1874 and median lecocyte count, \batchmode \documentclass[fleqn,10pt,legalpaper]{article} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \(13400/\hbox{ L }\frac{470}{250000}\) \end{document}. 82 were de novo AML and 87 were in morfologic complete remission (70 in first CR). 14 patients had received a previous SCT. Cytogenetic risk was as follows: 55 intermediate, 34 high and 11 low. Conditioning regimen was ablative in 162 patients: CyTBI (36), BuCy (31), BuFlu (30) and others (3). 130 patients (76) underwent a related allo-SCT (95 of them were matched) and 41 patients (24), an unrelated allo-SCT (64 of them were matched). Stem cell source was bone marrow (BM) in 146 patients (85) and only 3 patients received umbilical cord (UC). Graft versus host disease (GvHD) prophilaxis was based on Ciclosporine in 150 patients (88). Median time from last treatment was 73 days 12268. Results: The median follow-up of this study was 61 months 1317. OS at 1, 3 and 5 years were 57, 44 and 40. RFS at 1, 3 and 5 years were 62, 50 and 45. Early mortality (before day 100) was 26 (43 until 1999 and 15 since 2000, p0,0001): 18 patients because of infections, 10 because of toxicity, 9 because of disease and 7 because of EICH. Late mortality was 27 (more than the half because of relapse, with no significant difference between 19881999 and 20002010). Cumulative relapse incidence at 5 years was 35, with a median time of relapse of 4 months. Secondary malignancies incidence was 5. Multivariable analysis showed that Transplantation Related Mortality (TRM) was influenced by: year of allo-SCT (OS at 5 years of 49 if 20002010 vs 28 if 19821999, p0,0001), late engraftment (p0,002) and severe acute GvHD (OS at 5 years of 45 if no evidence/grade I-II vs 25 if grade III-IV, p0,071). The other important parameters which lost its univariable analysis significance were donor type, recipient age and conditioning regimen. No difference was found in case of HLA and ABO discordance or donor/recipient CMV status. Multivariable analysis also showed that RR and RFS at 5 years was influenced by: disease status at allo-SCT (50 if 1CR vs 0 if 2CR/PR/refractory disease, p0,002), chronic GvHD (67 if present vs 41 if absent, p0,035) and leucocyte count at diagnosis (54 if 20000/ L vs 37 if 20000/ L, p0,038). The other important parameters which lost its univariable analysis significance were cytogenetic risk, initial induction response and positive minimal residual disease (MRD) before allo-SCT. No diference was found in case of ethiologic classification or stem cell source. Conclusions: Allo-SCT is a curative procedure in AML patients (global RFS of 50 at 3 years), specially when disease is under control and patient develops chronic GvHD. In the last decade, there have been important improvements in the procedure which have led to a significant decrease in TRM, and consequently, a significant increase in OS. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Novel Conditioning Regimen for Haploidentical Hematopoietic Cell Transplant for Severe Aplastic Anemia in Children

Blood ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 134 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 5651-5651 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasan Hashem ◽  
Rawad Rihani ◽  
Eman Khattab ◽  
Mayada Abu Shanap ◽  
Abdelghani Tbakhi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Acute Gvhd ◽  
Chronic Gvhd ◽  
Conditioning Regimen ◽  
Cell Transplant ◽  
Hematopoietic Cell Transplant ◽  
Stem Cell Source ◽  
Cell Source

New hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) approaches are urgently needed for patients with severe aplastic anemia (SAA) who lack an HLA-identical donor. Haploidentical HCT with post transplant cyclophosphamide (PTCy) represent a potential universal available option for almost all children with SAA. We present a novel conditioning regimen for haploidentical HCT in children with SAA in a center where horse ATG is not available. Conditioning regimen consists of rabbit ATG 2.5 mg/kg/day from day -9 to -7, Fludarabine 30 mg/kg/day from day -6 to -2, Cyclophosphamide 14.5 mg/kg/day from day -6 to -5, Thiotepa 5 mg/kg/day from day -4 to -3, and 4 Gy TBI on day -1 in in two fractions. GvHD prophylaxis consist of PTCy 50 mg/kg/day on days +3 and +4 along with Cyclosporine A and Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) starting on day +5. Four consecutive children with SAA referred to our center for haploidentical HCT starting in 2018. Median age at HCT was 9 years (5-16) with 3 males and 1 female. All patients were heavily transfused with both blood and platelets prior to referral for HCT. Two patients had strong and one had weak positive anti-HLA antibodies (DSAs) and received desensitization with IVIG, Rituximab and plasmapheresis. One patient received buffy coat infusion on day -1 due to persistent strong DSAs despite desensitization. Median CD34+ dose received was 12 x 10e6, and median CD3+ dose was 29 x 10e6. Donors were all same blood group to patients. All patients successfully engrafted neutrophils at median of 13 days (12-14). Platelets engraftment in 3/4 patients at median of 7 days (5-10). All patients received peripheral blood as stem cell source. Three of four patients survived and doing well at last follow up. One patient had toxic death on day +38 due to chemotherapy related toxicity causing multi-organ failure. Chimerism analysis was full donor in all four patients at median follow up time of 11 months (2-12). Patients were sent home at median of 24 days post HCT. None developed grade 2-4 acute GvHD nor chronic GvHD. Acute GvHD of skin grade 1 stage 1 developed in 2 patient and managed with topical steroids. Viral reactivations consisted of CMV viremia and BK hemorrhagic cystitis in all patients, and have all resolved. No post transplant autoimmune complications. Haploidentical HCT with PTCy represents a quick and first line approach in heavily transfused children with SAA. Although yet limited number of patients, this regimen is feasible and appears to be safe. A great advantage of this regimen is the rapid engraftment of both neutrophils and platelets. Moreover, although using peripheral blood as a stem cell source, there was no severe acute or chronic GvHD. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Results of Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT) for Hurler’s Syndrome: European Experience 1994–2004.

Blood ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 106 (11) ◽  
pp. 402-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaap Jan Boelens ◽  
R. Wynn ◽  
A. O’Mearra ◽  
P. Veys ◽  
M. Cavazzana-Calvo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Conditioning Regimen ◽  
Unrelated Donor ◽  
Donor Chimerism ◽  
Stem Cell Source ◽  
Cell Source ◽  
Conditioning Regimens ◽  
Hurler’S Syndrome

Abstract Worldwide more than 400 patients with Hurler’s syndrome (HS), characterized by severe neurodegeneration, cardiac disease, skeletal abnormalities and death in early childhood, have undergone allogeneic-HSCT since 1980. Although, long term follow up of successfully transplanted children is very encouraging, the engraftment and survival results are very variable between the various studies, ranging from less than 25% up to more than 85%. We retrospectively analyzed the results of 146 patients transplanted in Europe from 1994–2004, to assess: 1) the effect of conditioning regimen and grafts (-manipulation) used on the “alive and engrafted” rate and 2) the transplantation-related morbidity/mortality. HSCT with a family donor was performed in 52 patients. An unrelated donor was used in 94 patients. The majority of patients received marrow (n=103). The rest received cordblood (n=23) or peripheral blood (n=20). Twenty-eight patients received a T-cell depleted (TCD) graft. Conditioning regimens used were grouped as follows: busulfan-cyclofosfamide 200mg/kg (n=68), busulfan- with high dose cyclofosfamide (either 240mg/kg or 260mg/kg; n=41), fludarabine-based myelo-ablative (n=19) and reduced intensity conditioning regimens (RIC: n=18). Fourteen patients received dose-adjusted busulfan. Engrafted was defined as a donor chimerism of more than 10%, and an alpha-L-iduronidase level of more than the lower limit of normal for the heterozygote individuals (>4.5 nmol/hr/mg). The “alive and engrafted” rate after first transplantation and overall “alive and engrafted” rate after one to three transplantations was 83/146 (57%) and 111/146 (76%), respectively. The median follow up was 39 mth (5–120mths). Multivariate analysis (confounders: age, sex, heterozygote donor, unrelated donor, stem cell source, HLA-disparity, conditioning regimen, TCD and busulfan targeting) on the primary endpoint “alive and engrafted” showed that RIC (RR 13,4: 2,6–67,1) and TCD (RR 5,7: 1,14–28,4) are individual risk factor for graft failure. Busulfan targeting suggests to be an individual protective factor (RR 0,27; 0,04–1,8); 12/14 (86%) were “alive and engrafted” after 1st HSCT. Thirthy three patients received a 2nd graft, of whom 26/33 (82%) are alive and engrafted: 16/21 using the same, 10/12 using a different donor, and 16/19 after myeloabaltive, 10/14 after RIC. Two of the 3rd HSCTs were successful. After 1st HSCT moderate to severe aGvHD (grade ≥2) occurred in 23/146 (16%) patients. Extensive cGvHD was seen in 2/114 (1.4%) patients, only. IPS/DAH was seen in 4/134 (2.3%) patients and VOD in 12/134 (9%) patients. Main cause of death (n=28) was infectious (n=15: mainly viral). Other causes of death: GvHD (n=3), Cardiac ECI (n=2), VOD (n=2), DAH (n=1), unknown (n=1), Hurler (n=4). The majority of the “alive and engrafted” patients have a donor chimerism of >95% (91/111; 82%), 11/111 (9,9%) between 75–95%, 6/111 (5,4%) between 50–75% and 3/111 (2.7%) between 10–50%. In summary, no stem cell source (BM, cordblood and PBSC) is superior and no conditioning regimen used is superior. RIC and TCD results in inferior engraftment rates. Second HSCTs are successful in more than 80%. Relatively low morbidity rates are seen. The engraftment of HSCT for HS can be optimized by avoiding T-cell depletion, RIC and probably by busulfan-targeting.

Allogeneic Transplantation after an Alemtuzumab-Containing Myeloablative Conditioning Regimen for CD52 Positive Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL).

Blood ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 106 (11) ◽  
pp. 1135-1135
Author(s):  
Partow Kebriaei ◽  
Rima M. Saliba ◽  
Carrie Ma ◽  
Cindy Ippoliti ◽  
Daniel R. Couriel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Median Time ◽  
Acute Gvhd ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Conditioning Regimen ◽  
Unrelated Donor ◽  
Myeloablative Conditioning ◽  
Donor Graft

Abstract Alemtuzumab is an effective agent in the treatment of various B- and T-cell malignancies that express CD52. Patients with advanced or refractory ALL have poor outcome after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT). We investigated whether the addition of alemtuzumab to a standard myeloablative conditioning regimen would have any additional therapeutic effect and improve outcome after SCT in CD52+ ALL. Patients and Methods: Patients were eligible if their disease expressed CD52 in >20% blasts by flow cytometry. The conditioning regimen consisted of cyclophosphamide (Cy, 60 mg/kg daily x 2 doses) and total body irradiation (TBI, 12 Gy in four daily fractions). Alemtuzumab at 10 mg was intravenously administered daily on days -6 to -2 prior to day of stem cell infusion. Patients received additional graft versus host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis with tacrolimus and methotrexate. Results: Fifteen patients (9 M/6 F) with median age 33 years (range 22–57) were studied. Twelve patients had B-lineage and 3 had T-lineage disease. Cytogenetic data were available for 12 patients; all had high-risk cytogenetics, including 5 with Ph+ disease. The median number of prior chemotherapy regimens was 3 (range 1–6). At time of study entry, 3 patients were in CR1, 3 were in ≥ CR1, and 9 were in primary or refractory relapse. Five patients received a matched related donor transplant and 10 received an unrelated donor graft. The source of stem cells was bone marrow (n=7) or peripheral blood (n=8). The median CD34+ cell dose infused was 4.67 x 106/kg (range 1.85–6.43). Median time to ANC ≥ 0.5 x 109/L was 15 days (range 11–20). Median time to platelet count ≥ 20 x 109/L was 19 days (range 13–34). The cumulative incidence of non-relapse mortality at 2 years was 13% (95% CI, 4%–43%). The incidence of grade II-IV acute GVHD was 7% (95% CI, 1%–38%); no grade III/IV acute GVHD was observed. The incidence of chronic extensive GVHD was 20%. Overall survival at 2 years was 16% (95% CI, 3%–40%). Failure was related mainly to progression; thirteen of 15 patients had disease progression at a median time of 4 months (range 1–22). Conclusion: These data suggest that alemtuzumab can be safely added to the standard transplant conditioning regimen for ALL without delayed engraftment or increased regimen-related toxicity. However, any potential direct antileukemia effect in CD52+ ALL patients with advanced disease appears to be negated by in-vivo T-cell depletion of the donor graft. Strategies to restore the graft-versus-leukemia effect in this setting are needed.

Impact of Cyclosporine a (CsA) Concentration on the Incidence of Severe Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease (GVHD) after Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation (allo-SCT).

Blood ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 112 (11) ◽  
pp. 1150-1150
Author(s):  
Florent Mallard ◽  
Eolia Brissot ◽  
Patrice Chevallier ◽  
Thierry Guillaume ◽  
Jacques Delaunay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Blood Concentration ◽  
Acute Gvhd ◽  
Conditioning Regimen ◽  
Solid Organ ◽  
Stem Cell Source ◽  
Cell Source ◽  
Trough Blood ◽  
Grade 3 ◽  
Severe Grade

Abstract CsA is widely used as the backbone immunosuppressive agent for GVHD prevention after allo-SCT. Previous studies have demonstrated that the immunosuppressive effects of CsA (eg. inhibition of calcineurine in lymphocytes) may be correlated with CsA blood concentration, especially in the context of solid organ transplantation. This report aimed to investigate the impact of CsA concentrations in the early post allo- SCT period, on the incidence of severe acute GVHD, in 85 consecutive patients treated in a single centre between Jan. 2006 and Jan. 2008, and for whom CsA concentrations in the blood were monitored weekly after the start of infusion. 85 patients (45 males) received CsA (usually at 3 mg/Kg/d, 2 or 3 days prior to graft infusion) as a 24-h continuous infusion until hematopoietic recovery and switch to oral formulation. Dose modifications of CsA were performed to maintain adequate trough blood levels and to prevent nephrotoxicity. Patients’ and donors characteristics were as follow: median age: 51 (range, 18–67), 46 (54%) female donors, 33 (39%) myeloid malignancies, 49 (58%) lymphoid malignancies, and 3 cases of SAA. The stem cell source was PBSC in 66 (78%) patients, while bone marrow was used in 19 (22%) patients. 37 (43.5%) were transplanted from a matched related donor, and 48 (56.5%) from a matched unrelated donor. A myeloablative conditioning regimen was used in 24 (28%) patients, and 61 (72%) received a reduced intensity regimen. The median concentrations of CsA in the blood at 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks after allo-SCT were 348 (range, 172–733), 284 (range, 137–535), 274 (range, 107–649), and 247 (37–695) ng/mL respectively. All patients engrafted at a median of 17 (range, 0–42) days after allo-SCT. With a median follow-up of 16 (range, 5–29) months, grade 2–4 acute GVHD occurred in 36 patients (42%) at a median of 29 (range, 6–100) days after allo-SCT. The incidence of severe grade 3–4 acute GVHD was 23% (95%CI, 14–32%). In this cohort, all acute GVHD risk factors (age, donor-recipient gender, CMV serostatus, ABO compatibility, diagnosis, disease status, stem cell source, donor type, conditioning regimen type, GVHD prophylaxis regimen, CsA concentrations) were assessed. In multivariate analysis, we found that higher whole-blood CsA concentration in the first week following graft infusion, and before onset of acute GVHD was the strongest parameter significantly associated with a reduced the risk of severe grade 3–4 acute GVHD (P=0.01; RR=0.24; 95%CI, 0.08–0.73). Despite its retrospective nature, these data strongly indicate a close relationship between CsA trough blood concentration during the early post allo-SCT period and the severity of acute GVHD. Inadequate or insufficient early exposures of CsA can be a serious risk for developing severe acute GVHD. Therefore, precise monitoring of CsA concentrations and achievement of a high CsA target concentration may be an effective tool to prevent the onset of severe acute GVHD.

Cyclophosphamide-Busulfan Instead of Busulfan-Cyclophosphamide for Conditioning in Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation.

Blood ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 114 (22) ◽  
pp. 2268-2268
Author(s):  
Nathan Cantoni ◽  
Sabine Gerull ◽  
Dominik Heim ◽  
Joerg Halter ◽  
Dimitrios Tsakiris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cumulative Incidence ◽  
Liver Toxicity ◽  
Conditioning Regimen ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Allogeneic Hsct ◽  
Stem Cell Source ◽  
Cell Source ◽  
Donor Type ◽  
Total Body

Abstract Abstract 2268 Poster Board II-245 Busulfan-cyclophosphamide (BU-CY) is the established non total body irradiation based myeloablative conditioning regimen for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). The introduction of intravenous busulfan has facilitated its application and reduced toxicity. Theoretical considerations and pharmacological data indicate that previous application of busulfan may trigger liver toxicity of subsequent cyclophosphamide. A reverse order of cyclophosphamide-busulfan (CY-BU) would be preferable. Recent animal data confirmed this hypothesis, showing less liver toxicity and better outcomes in mice treated with CY-BU. While CY-BU was not feasible in patients with oral busulfan, it has become a possibility with the introduction of i.v. busulfan. We were therefore interested in exploring this concept and changed the order of drug application to CY-BU in 2003 in those patients not on a multicentre standardized BU-CY protocol. We now retrospectively analyzed in this single centre cohort study liver toxicity and transplantation outcome in patients receiving BU and CY as conditioning regimen for allogeneic HSCT. We analyzed 93 consecutive patients between 1993 and 2008, 52 male (55.9%), median age 46 years (range 16 to 70) with hematological malignancies (AML 41 [44.1%], ALL 11 [11.8%], CML 12 [12.9%], myelodysplastic syndrome and myeloproliferative neoplasia 22 [23.7%], lymphoproliferative disorders 4 [4.3%]) or other diseases (3 [3.2%]), receiving an allogeneic HSCT from an HLA- identical sibling (52 [55.9%]), other family member (3 [3.2%]) or a matched unrelated donor (38 [40.9%]) after conditioning regimen with BU-CY (34 patients; 18 patients with oral, 16 patients since 2003 with i.v. busulfan) or CY-BU (59 patients). Outcomes were analyzed using a Cox regression model, adjusting for disease, stage, donor type, stem cell source, previous total body irradiation (TBI) and busulfan administration (oral vs. intravenous). Pretransplant patient characteristics were comparable in the two cohorts for age, gender, underlying disease, stem cell source, donor type and EBMT risk score, but differed in stage (advanced disease BU-CY 28 [84,8%] vs. CY-BU 40 [66.7%]) and previous TBI (BU-CY 16 [48.5%] vs. CY-BU 9 [15.0%]). Liver function as measured by levels of bilirubin and liver enzymes (aspartate amino transferase [AST], alanine amino transferase [ALT], gamma glutamyl transpeptidase [GGT] and alkaline phosphatase [AP]) was not different between the groups before starting conditioning regimen. In contrast liver function differed significantly at day 20, with higher levels of ALT (median 51.0 vs 27.0 IU/l; p=0.012) and a higher incidence of veno-occlusive disease (VOD) (5/34 vs. 1/59, p=0.036) in the BU-CY group (Figure 1A). The cumulative incidence of transplant-related mortality (TRM) at 2 years was significantly higher in patients receiving BU-CY (BU-CY 0.48, CY-BU 0.24, p=0.024; hazard ratio 4.594 for BU-CY, 95% CI 1.382-15.268, p=0.013) (Figure 1B). The cumulative incidence of TRM with BU i.v.-CY was lower (0.44) than with BU oral-CY (0.56) but still higher than CY-BU. This did translate into a higher overall survival in patients after conditioning regimen with CY-BU (hazard ratio for mortality 0.426 for CY-BU, 95% CI 0.184-0.987, p=0.047). Time to engraftment (BU-CY median 13 days vs. CY-BU median 14 days), cumulative incidence of acute GVHD and relapse were similar between patients receiving BU-CY or CY-BU. These data support the concepts derived from Sadeghi et al in their mouse model in favor of CY-BU compared to the traditional BU-CY. They form the basis for prospective controlled studies. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Phase II Trial Of Medium-Dose VP-16, Cyclophosphamide and Total-Body Irradiation Conditioning Regimen Before Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation For Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia In Adults

Blood ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 122 (21) ◽  
pp. 544-544
Author(s):  
Tatsunori Goto ◽  
Akio Shigematsu ◽  
Makoto Onizuka ◽  
Shin Fujisawa ◽  
Ritsuro Suzuki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Conditioning Regimen ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
High Risk Disease ◽  
Total Body ◽  
One Year ◽  
Medium Dose

Abstract Background The prognosis of adult patients (pts) with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is dismal, and allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT) is performed in most pts. However, even for pts treated with allo-SCT using the standard regimen of cyclophosphamide with total body irradiation (CY/TBI), the prognosis is not satisfactory due to a high rate of relapse. We previously reported excellent outcomes in adult pts with ALL undergoing allo-SCT conditioned with medium-dose VP-16, CY and TBI (medium-dose VP/CY/TBI). We therefore conducted a prospective nationwide multicenter phase II trial (UMIN trial number 000001672) to evaluate the efficacy of this conditioning regimen. Methods The eligibility criteria of this study were as follows: (1) diagnosis of ALL or acute biphenotypic leukemia (ABL), (2) aged 15-49 years, (3) in CR, (4) first SCT, (5) PS (ECOG) 0-2, (6) intact organ function, and (7) HLA-serologically 6/6 matched donor. Pts with Burkitt leukemia were ineligible for this study. Conditioning regimen consisted of medium-dose VP (15 mg/kg once daily i.v. for two days) and CY (60 mg/kg once daily i.v. for two days) combined with fractionated TBI (total dose: 12 Gy). Stem cell source was limited to bone marrow (BM) or peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC). The primary endpoint of this study was event-free survival (EFS) at one year after SCT, and the events were defined as death or relapse. The expected 1-year EFS was estimated to be 75%, and the threshold 1-year EFS was estimated to be 55%, on the basis of our previous observations. Results Between February 2009 and August 2011, 52 pts were enrolled, and 50 pts met the criteria. Among 50 eligible pts, the median age was 33.5 years (range, 17-49 years), and 15 pts (30%) were over 40. Twenty-three (46%) pts were female. Forty-eight (96%) pts had ALL and 2 (4%) had ABL. Nineteen (38%) pts were Philadelphia chromosome (Ph)-positive. Forty-seven (94%) pts were in first CR at SCT, and 3 (6%) in second CR. Among pts with ALL in first CR (n=45), 38 (84%) had high-risk disease. Twenty-six (52%) pts underwent SCT from a related donor and 24 (48%) from an unrelated donor. Forty (80%) pts received BM and 10 (20%) received PBSC. All pts achieved neutrophil engraftment. The incidence of grade II-IV and III-IV acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) was 38% and 8%, respectively, and that of chronic GVHD was 54%. After 1-year follow-up of the final enrollment (range, 379-1218 days), the 1-year EFS was 76% (95% confidence interval (CI): 62-86%, Figure). One-year overall survival was 80% (95% CI: 66-89%). No pts died within 100 days after SCT and 1-year non-relapse mortality (NRM) was 14% (95% CI: 6-25%). No secondary malignancies were observed during the-follow-up period. The 100-day and 1-year relapse rate was 2% (95% CI: 0-9%) and 10% (95% CI: 4-20%), respectively. The 1-year EFS for pts with high-risk and standard-risk disease was 76% (95% CI: 59-87%) and 71% (95% CI: 26-92%), Ph-positive and negative pts was 79% (95% CI: 53-92%) and 76% (95% CI: 56-88%), and pts over 40 years and under 40 years was 73% (95% CI: 44-89%) and 77% (95% CI: 59-88%), respectively. In univariate analysis, high-risk disease, Ph-positivity and higher age were not significant risk factors for EFS. Conclusions The results demonstrate that the conditioning regimen of medium dose VP/CY/TBI for allo-HCT in adult pts with ALL enable good disease control without increase in NRM, even for relatively high age pts and pts with high-risk disease. A phase III trial comparing this regimen with standard CY/TBI regimen for adult pts with ALL is warranted. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Pre-/Post-HSCT Imatinib Improves Survival of Childhood with BCR/ABL+ Acute and Chronic Leukemia

Blood ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 124 (21) ◽  
pp. 5248-5248
Author(s):  
Fuyu Pei ◽  
Qi Li ◽  
Wenfeng Xu ◽  
Zhiyong Peng ◽  
Xuedong Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Myelogenous Leukemia ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Post Transplant ◽  
Stem Cell Source ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cell Source

Abstract Objective:To evaluate the effect of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) for children with leukemia in our center in recent years. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed data of 87 patients with leukemia underwent HSCT at a median age of 8 years from February 2006 to December 2013 in our center. The median follow-up time was 28 months (range, 2-96), the ratio of male to female patients was 59:28. Conditioning regimen included cyclophosphamide, fludarabine, busulfan with or without (w/o) thiotepa. Anti-thymocyte globulin and cytarabine were individually used for the patients with lymphoid leukemia and myeloid leukemia. GVHD prophylaxis included tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil w/o post-transplant cyclophosphamide. Median nucleated cells: 3.75 (1.16`7.56) × 107/Kg. Patients with BCR/ABL+ acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) received imatinib before and after transplant over 6 months per each one. Twenty-six patients received transplant from sibling donors, 31 from haploidentical donor, 30 from unrelated donors; Status before transplant were grouped as CR1 (n= 57), CR 2 (n=13), CR 3 (n=1) and NR (n=16). Source of stem cells included PBSC in 40 cases, UCB in 3 cases, BM in 24 cases, BM+PBSC in 9 cases, and mixed stem cells (BM /PBSC+ UCB) in 11 cases. Results: The estimated 5-year overall survival (OS) was 56.8 ± 5.8% in total.Among them, OS was 54.3 ± 8.0% in 45 patients with ALL; 85.7 ± 13.2% in 8 patients with BCR/ABL+ALL; 48.6 ± 8.7% in 37 patients with BCR/ABL-ALL. 32.8 ± 15% in 29 patients with acute myeloid leukemia and 82.5 ± 11.3% in 13 patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia, respectively. Single factor analysis showed there was no significant difference for OS in comparison of BCR/ABL+ALL, BCR/ABL-ALL, AML and CML (P=0.057), but patients with BCR/ABL+ALL had higher OS compared to those with BCR/ABL-ALL (P=0.048) and to AML (P=0.040). In comparison of difference status before transplant, OS were 55.2 ± 11.6%, 54.9 ± 15.6%, 0,and 27.5 ± 11.6% in CR1, CR2, CR3 and NR, respectively (P=0.025). OS was higher in CR1 than NR (P=0.005). When comparing stem cell source, OS was 65.5 ± 8.5%, 0%, 41.7 ± 11.4%, 33.3 ± 15.7%, and 72 ± 17.8% in PBSC, unrelated CB (UCB), BM, BM+PBSC, and BM/PBSC+UCB transplants, respectively (P=0.003); PBSC transplant associated with higher OS than BM (P=0.049) and BM+PBSC (P=0.009); and BM/PBSC+UCB mixed transplant had highest OS (P=0.026). Multivariate analysis showed Risk factors for OS only remained stem cell source (P=0.046) and status before transplantation (P=0.048). the transplant types (P=0.023), and follow up time(P=0.017). Conclusion: Comparing with data reported in literature we have similar outcomesin total for childhood with leukemia. Use of imatinib pre-/post-transplant for patients with BCR/ABL+ALL conduces to the highest OS in current study. Stem cell sources and the status before transplant have a significant effect on OS. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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