scholarly journals The Production of Hemoglobin C in Sheep Carrying the Gene for Hemoglobin A: Hematologic Aspects

Blood ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 314-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. L. MOORE ◽  
W. C. GODLEY ◽  
G. VAN VLIET ◽  
J. P. LEWIS ◽  
E. BOYD ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Loss ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Fetal Hemoglobin ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Cell Parameters ◽  
Hemoglobin C ◽  
Hemoglobin Type ◽  
Hemoglobin A ◽  
Hb C

Abstract The first part of this study describes the hematologic and physiologic changes observed in sheep homozygous for the hemoglobin A during severe blood loss anemia. It was found possible thus experimentally to replace Hb A entirely with a new hemoglobin type, Hb C. The following additional observations were made: (1) Hb C could not be distinguished from Hb A by submitting the appropriate red blood cells to an "acid elution" technic. These two hemoglobin types were found to be more resistant to this treatment than a second adult hemoglobin type, Hb B, while the fetal hemoglobin of the new-born lamb was found to be highly resistant. In sheep heterozygous for Hb A and Hb B, both hemoglobin types were equally distributed among all red blood cells. (2) During stages of severe blood loss relatively small quantities of acid resistant red blood cells of larger size were demonstrable in homozygous Hb A sheep; these cells were considered to be reticulocytes. Additional observations regarding variations in red cell parameters are also presented. (3) The oxygen affinities and the Bohr effects of blood samples and red cell hemolysates containing over 90 per cent Hb C are presented and compared with those of samples containing only Hb A, Hb B or the hemoglobin of the newborn lamb. Attempts to produce Hb C in sheep homozygous for Hb A by means other than phlebotomy are described in the second part of this report. Small amounts of Hb C were demonstrable in a sheep homozygous for Hb A after repeated injections of a urinary extract of human origin with high erythropoietic activity. Administration of cobalt and of thyroxin did not result in the formation of significant amounts of Hb C.

scholarly journals Microangiopathic Hemolytic Anemia Associated with Radiation-Induced Hemangiosarcomas

1980 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 443-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. Rebar ◽  
F. F. Hahn ◽  
W. H. Halliwell ◽  
D. B. DeNicola ◽  
S. A. Benjamin
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Hemolytic Anemia ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Microangiopathic Hemolytic Anemia ◽  
Neoplastic Tissue ◽  
Cell Parameters ◽  
Radiation Induced

A retrospective study of red blood cell parameters in 53 dogs with experimental radiation-induced hemangiosarcoma showed 24 had anemia. Morphologic alterations in red blood cells in peripheral blood films from anemic dogs included signs of regeneration (anisocytosis and polychromasia), hypochromasia, red cell fragmentation and acanthocytosis. The degree and type of red cell changes varied from dog to dog and generally correlated with the principal site of tumor involvement. Blood from dogs with tumors principally involving liver had red cell regeneration, fragmentation and acanthocytosis. Blood from dogs with tumors primarily involving the heart had only red cell fragmentation. Blood films from dogs with skeletal and pulmonary hemangiosarcomas were similar to blood films from dogs with hepatic hemangiosarcoma except that red cell alterations generally were less severe. Scanning and transmission electron micrographic evaluation of neoplastic tissue showed large amounts of fibrin within neoplastic vascular sinuses and disruption and distortion of red blood cells traversing these abnormal vascular beds. The red blood cell fragmentation syndrome associated with radiation-induced hemangiosarcomas therefore was considered to be a microangiopathic hemolytic anemia of localized origin.

Hemoglobin crystals of the red blood cells in the human renal cortex: electron microscopic observations of the renal lithiasis

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 480-481
Author(s):  
Kosuke Ueda ◽  
Hiroto Washida ◽  
Nakazo Watari
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Renal Cortex ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Osmic Acid ◽  
Renal Lithiasis ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Hemoglobin C ◽  
First Case ◽  
Ultrathin Sections

IntroductionHemoglobin crystals in the red blood cells were electronmicroscopically reported by Fawcett in the cat myocardium. In the human, Lessin revealed crystal-containing cells in the periphral blood of hemoglobin C disease patients. We found the hemoglobin crystals and its agglutination in the erythrocytes in the renal cortex of the human renal lithiasis, and these patients had no hematological abnormalities or other diseases out of the renal lithiasis. Hemoglobin crystals in the human erythrocytes were confirmed to be the first case in the kidney.Material and MethodsTen cases of the human renal biopsies were performed on the operations of the seven pyelolithotomies and three ureterolithotomies. The each specimens were primarily fixed in cacodylate buffered 3. 0% glutaraldehyde and post fixed in osmic acid, dehydrated in graded concentrations of ethanol, and then embedded in Epon 812. Ultrathin sections, cut on LKB microtome, were doubly stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate.

Colloid osmotic pressure changes of dog's blood exposed to different mixtures of CO2 and air

1978 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 254-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Kakiuchi ◽  
A. B. DuBois ◽  
D. Gorenberg
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Freezing Point ◽  
Colloid Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Freezing Point Depression ◽  
Pressure Changes ◽  
Different Levels

Hansen's membrane manometer method for measuring plasma colloid osmotic pressure was used to obtain the osmolality changes of dogs breathing different levels of CO2. Osmotic pressure was converted to osmolality by calibration of the manometer with saline and plasma, using freezing point depression osmometry. The addition of 10 vol% of CO2 to tonometered blood caused about a 2.0 mosmol/kg H2O increase of osmolality, or 1.2% increase of red blood cell volume. The swelling of the red blood cells was probably due to osmosis caused by Cl- exchanged for the HCO3- which was produced rapidly by carbonic anhydrase present in the red blood cells. The change in colloid osmotic pressure accompanying a change in co2 tension was measured on blood obtained from dogs breathing different CO2 mixtures. It was approximately 0.14 mosmol/kg H2O per Torr Pco2. The corresponding change in red cell volume could not be calculated from this because water can exchange between the plasma and tissues.

scholarly journals RED CELL STROMA IN DOGS

1955 ◽  
Vol 102 (6) ◽  
pp. 705-711 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. S. Robscheit-Robbins ◽  
G. H. Whipple
Keyword(s):  
Blood Loss ◽  
Hemolytic Anemia ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Subcutaneous Injection ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Cell Regeneration ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Very High

Normal red blood cells in dogs contain stroma in fairly uniform amounts. This red cell stroma is rich in proteins and lipides. Anemia due to blood loss causes an increase in stroma protein. The highest levels of stroma protein are found in the severe anemias. As the anemia is corrected by red cell regeneration, the stroma protein level falls to normal. Anemia due to blood destruction (phenylhydrazine) presents very high levels of stroma protein—almost double the increase noted in anemia due to blood loss. Hypoproteinemia added to anemia due to blood loss causes no significant change on the stroma protein level. Abscesses due to the subcutaneous injection of turpentine during the anemia cause slight decreases in the stroma protein levels. Chloroform poisoning has no effect on the stroma protein levels. The total lipides of the stroma are rather stable and are little influenced by anemia. In certain experiments with hemolytic anemia and with hypoproteinemia, there is a significant rise in total lipide figures.

THE UNIQUE FETAL RED CELL AND ITS FUNCTION

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 494-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank A. Oski
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Newborn Infant ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Human Fetus ◽  
Exchange Transfusion ◽  
Oxygen Atmosphere ◽  
Hypoxic Stress ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Rapid Replacement

The red blood cells of the human fetus differ in many major respects from the red cells of the normal adult. These differences appear admirably suited for the acquisition, transport, and release of oxygen in the low oxygen atmosphere of intrauterine existence. These same differences appear to confer a handicap to the cell in the extrauterine environment, particularly under conditions of hypoxic stress. The rapid replacement of these cells by artificial means, such as early exchange transfusion, may offer an advantage to the newborn infant in certain clinical situations.

Red cell oxygen affinity in fetal sheep: role of 2,3-DPG and adult hemoglobin

1978 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Bard ◽  
J. C. Fouron ◽  
J. E. Robillard ◽  
A. Cornet ◽  
M. A. Soukini
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Oxygen Affinity ◽  
Fetal Life ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Adult Type ◽  
Fetal Sheep ◽  
Adult Hemoglobin ◽  
Relationship Of

Studies were carried out during fetal life in sheep to determine the relationship of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (DPG), the intracellular red cell and extracellular pH, and the switchover to adult hemoglobin synthesis in regulating the position of the fetal red cell oxygen-affinity curve in utero. Adult hemoglobin first appeared near 120 days of gestation. The mean oxygen tension at which hemoglobin is half saturated (P50) prior to 120 days of gestation remained constant at 13.9 +/- 0.3 (SD) Torr and then increased gradually as gestation continued, reaching 19 Torr at term. During the interval of fetal life studied, the level of DPG was 4.43 +/- 1.63 (SD) micromol/g Hb and the deltapH between plasma and red blood cells was 0.227 +/- 0.038 (SD); neither was affected by gestational age. The decrease in the red cell oxygen affinity after 120 days of gestation ocrrelated with the amount of adult hemoglobin present in the fetus (r = 0.78; P less than 0.001). This decrease can be attributed only to the amount of the adult-type hemoglobin present, and not to DPG, or to changes in the deltapH between plasma and red blood cells, because both remained stable during the last trimester.

scholarly journals Changes in the Nanostructure of Red Blood Cells in Intraoperative Blood Loss during Spinal Cord Surgery

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
V. V. Moroz ◽  
V. A. Sergunova ◽  
B. F. Nazarov ◽  
E. K. Kozlova ◽  
A. M. Chernysh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Blood Loss ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Intraoperative Blood Loss ◽  
Spinal Cord Surgery
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