Phagocytosis by Human Monocytes

Abstract Human monocytes isolated from peripheral blood phagocytized polystyrene particles, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans, and red cells coated with IgG antibody in vitro. The ingestion of fungi and bacteria required serum or serum fractions. Ingestion of antibody-coated erythrocytes was inhibited by whole serum or IgG, but not by IgM or albumin. Adherence to a surface appeared to be critical for erythrophagocytosis but not for ingestion of bacteria. Phagocytosis occurred over a broad pH range and in the presence of inhibitors of oxidative metabolism and of RNA synthesis. Phagocytosis was significantly depressed by inhibitors of glycolysis (iodoacetate and fluoride) and by chloroquine at 1 x 10-5M. Particle ingestion by monocytes was accompanied by enhanced production of C14O2 from glucose-1-C14, but was not associated with a detectable increase in total glucose utilization, incorporation of radioactive uridine into RNA, or incorporation of amino acids into protein.

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Biosynthesis of growth hormone in the rat anterior pituitary gland. Stimulation of biosynthesis in vitro by insulin

Biochemical Journal ◽

10.1042/bj1341103 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 134 (4) ◽

pp. 1103-1113 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

A. Betteridge ◽

M. Wallis

Keyword(s):

Growth Hormone ◽

Anterior Pituitary ◽

Rna Synthesis ◽

Glucose Utilization ◽

Actinomycin D ◽

Hormone Synthesis ◽

Pituitary Glands ◽

Hormone Biosynthesis ◽

Stimulation Of

The effect of insulin on the incorporation of radioactive leucine into growth hormone was investigated by using rat anterior pituitary glands incubated in vitro. A 50% stimulation over control values was observed at insulin concentrations above 2μm (280munits/ml). The effect was specific for growth hormone biosynthesis, over the range 1–5μm-insulin (140–700munits/ml). Lower more physiological concentrations had no significant effect in this system. Above 10μm (1.4 units/ml) total protein synthesis was also increased. The stimulation of growth hormone synthesis could be partially blocked by the addition of actinomycin D, suggesting that RNA synthesis was involved. Insulin was found to stimulate the rate of glucose utilization in a similar way to growth hormone synthesis. 2-Deoxyglucose and phloridzin, which both prevented insulin from stimulating glucose utilization, also prevented the effect of insulin on growth hormone synthesis. If glucose was replaced by fructose in the medium, the effect of insulin on growth hormone synthesis was decreased. We conclude that the rate of utilization of glucose may be an important step in mediating the effect of insulin on growth hormone synthesis.

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Phagocytosis by Human Eosinophils

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v32.6.922.922 ◽

1968 ◽

Vol 32 (6) ◽

pp. 922-934 ◽

Cited By ~ 51

Author(s):

MARTIN J. CLINE ◽

JON HANIFIN ◽

ROBERT I. LEHRER

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Candida Albicans ◽

Lysosomal Enzymes ◽

Glucose Oxidation ◽

Variable Extent ◽

Particle Ingestion ◽

Ph Range ◽

Stimulation Of

Abstract Eosinophils were isolated from the blood of patients with eosinophilia and tested for phagocytic ability. Eosinophils ingested inert polystyrene particles, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus 502A and Candida albicans, but did so less efficiently than neutrophils. They did not phagocytize antibody-coated red cells. Phagocytosis occurred over a broad pH range and in the presence of inhibitors of oxidative metabolism. Inhibitors of glycolysis, puromycin and colchicine inhibited particle ingestion to a variable extent. Metabolic concomitants of phagocytosis, including enhanced incorporation of uridine into RNA, stimulation of glucose oxidation and degranulation and loss of lysosomal enzymes were similar in neutrophils and eosinophils. Endotoxin had similar effects on glucose oxidation by eosinophils and neutrophils in vitro.

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IN VITRO UTILIZATION OF UNIFORMLY LABELLED 14C-GLUCOSE IN THE ADRENALS OF NORMAL AND OBESE-HYPERGLYCAEMIC MICE

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/acta.0.0390599 ◽

1962 ◽

Vol 39 (4) ◽

pp. 599-604 ◽

Cited By ~ 70

Author(s):

Stig Larsson ◽

Bo Hellman ◽

Hans Carstensen

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Lactic Acid ◽

Amino Acid ◽

Adrenal Gland ◽

Glutamic Acid ◽

Glucose Utilization ◽

Wet Weight ◽

Total Glucose ◽

Lower Production

ABSTRACT The in vitro incorporation of uniformly labelled 14C-glucose in the adrenals of normal and obese-hyperglycaemic animals was studied by quantitative paper-radiochromatography. The total glucose utilization by the whole adrenal gland was found to be greater in the obese-hyperglycaemic animals. There was a lower production of 14CO2 and 14C-lactic acid, however, per unit adrenal wet weight in these mice, while the formation of amino acids from the glucose tended to be greater than in normal mice. Glucose was utilized in the synthesis of the following amino acids in the adrenals: proline, alanine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glutamine and arginine. The formation of relatively large amounts of proline was characteristic of the amino acid pattern in the adrenals.

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Effect of Cyclic AMP and Cyclic GMP on Thromboplastin (Factor III) Synthesis in Human Monocytes In Vitro

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1665317 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 50 (04) ◽

pp. 804-809 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Torstein Lyberg

Keyword(s):

Cyclic Amp ◽

Cyclic Gmp ◽

Immune Complexes ◽

Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Intracellular Camp ◽

Human Monocytes ◽

Purified Protein Derivative ◽

A 23187

SummaryHuman monocytes in vitro respond to various agents (immune complexes, lectins, endotoxin, the divalent ionophore A 23187, 12-0-tetradecanoyl-phorbol 13-acetate [TPA], purified protein derivative [PPD] of Bacille Calmette-Guerin) with an increased synthesis of the protein component of thromboplastin. The effect of cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP on this response has been studied. Dibutyryl-cyclic AMP, prostaglandin E1 and the phosphodiesterase inhibitors 3-butyl-1-methyl-xanthine (MIX) and rac -4-(3-butoxy-4-methoxybenzyl)-2-imidazolidinone (Ro 201724), separately and in combination have a pronounced inhibitory effect on the response to immune complexes and PPD, and a moderate effect on the response to endotoxin and lectins. The effect on TPA response and on the response to A 23187 was slight. Dibutyryl-cyclic GMP (1 mM) gave a slight inhibition of the TPA arid IC response, but had essentially no effect on the response to other inducers. The intracellular cAMP level increased when monocytes were incubated with IC, TPA or A 23187 followed by a decrease to basal levels within 1-2 hr, whereas lectin (PHA) and PPD did not induce such changes. The cAMP response to endotoxin varied. Stimulation with IC induced an increase in monocyte cGMP levels, whereas the other stimulants did not cause such changes.

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Effect of ornidazole on fertility of male rats: inhibition of a glycolysis-related motility pattern and zona binding required for fertilization in vitro

Reproduction ◽

10.1530/reprod/118.1.127 ◽

2000 ◽

pp. 127-135 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

W Bone ◽

NG Jones ◽

G Kamp ◽

CH Yeung ◽

TG Cooper

Keyword(s):

Zona Pellucida ◽

Glucose Utilization ◽

Cumulus Cells ◽

Glycolytic Enzyme ◽

Male Rats ◽

Fertilization In Vitro ◽

Swimming Pattern ◽

Principal Piece ◽

Free Media

The effects of the male antifertility agent ornidazole on glycolysis as a prerequisite for fertilization were investigated in rats. Antifertility doses of ornidazole inhibited glycolysis within mature spermatozoa as determined from the lack of glucose utilization, reduced acidosis under anaerobic conditions and reduced glycolytic enzyme activity. As a consequence, cauda epididymidal spermatozoa from ornidazole-fed rats were unable to fertilize rat oocytes in vitro, with or without cumulus cells, which was not due to transfer of an inhibitor in epididymal fluid with the spermatozoa. Under IVF conditions, binding to the zona pellucida was reduced in spermatozoa from ornidazole-fed males and the spermatozoa did not undergo a change in swimming pattern, which was observed in controls. The block to fertilization could be explained by the disruption of glycolysis-dependent events, since reduced binding to the zona pellucida and a lack of kinematic changes were demonstrated by control spermatozoa in glucose-free media in the presence of respiratory substrates. The importance of glycolysis for binding to, and penetration of, the zona pellucida, and hyperactivation in rats is discussed in relation to the glycolytic production of ATP in the principal piece in which local deprivation of energy may explain the reduced force of spermatozoa from ornidazole-fed males.

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