Water distribution in blood during sickling of erythrocytes

Blood ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 703-709 ◽  
Author(s):  
FW Fales
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Gas Mixture ◽  
Similar Increase ◽  
Plasma Protein Concentration ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Gas ◽  
Distribution In Blood

Abstract Plasma urea and protein determinations proved suitable for measuring changes in total diffusible water and plasma volume in whole blood. Deoxygenation by saturation with carbon dioxide at 25 degrees C caused no change in plasma urea, but a significant increase in plasma protein concentration was induced with both normal and sickle-cell (HbSS) blood. Thus in HbSS blood there was no binding or trapping of water as a result of sickling and there was a normal influx of water into the cells (Bohr effect) despite the polymerization of the hemoglobin molecules with sickling. Consistent with this observation was the finding that the deoxygenation induced a similar increase in concentration of the plasma cations, sodium plus potassium. HbSS erythrocytes neither lost nor gained water under the more physiologic conditions of deoxygenation with a 95% nitrogen, 5% carbon dioxide gas mixture.

scholarly journals Water distribution in blood during sickling of erythrocytes

Blood ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 703-709
Author(s):  
FW Fales
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Gas Mixture ◽  
Similar Increase ◽  
Plasma Protein Concentration ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Gas ◽  
Distribution In Blood

Plasma urea and protein determinations proved suitable for measuring changes in total diffusible water and plasma volume in whole blood. Deoxygenation by saturation with carbon dioxide at 25 degrees C caused no change in plasma urea, but a significant increase in plasma protein concentration was induced with both normal and sickle-cell (HbSS) blood. Thus in HbSS blood there was no binding or trapping of water as a result of sickling and there was a normal influx of water into the cells (Bohr effect) despite the polymerization of the hemoglobin molecules with sickling. Consistent with this observation was the finding that the deoxygenation induced a similar increase in concentration of the plasma cations, sodium plus potassium. HbSS erythrocytes neither lost nor gained water under the more physiologic conditions of deoxygenation with a 95% nitrogen, 5% carbon dioxide gas mixture.

Control circulatory values of morphinepentobarbitalized dogs

1960 ◽  
Vol 199 (5) ◽  
pp. 797-799 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Deavers ◽  
E. L. Smith ◽  
R. A. Huggins
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Diastolic Pressure ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Control Data ◽  
Plasma Protein Concentration

Mean control data on a series of 100 dogs are presented. Cell volume, measured with Cr51-tagged red cells and plasma volume determined simultaneously by T-1824 dye was 33.5 ± 0.74 cc/kg and 50.2 ± 1.11 cc/kg, respectively. The venous hematocrit was 45.2% and the circulatory/venous hematocrit ratio was 0.89 ± 0.01 for the group. The plasma protein concentration of these animals was 6.25 ± 0.07 gm/100 cc. No difference in blood volume per unit of body weight was found between large (12.6 kg) and small (5.8 kg) dogs. The femoral mean systolic pressure was 139.0 ± 2.53 mm Hg, the diastolic pressure 65.6 ± 1.46 mm Hg and the heart rate 85.9 ± 2.86/min.

Nontraditional effects of protein binding and hematocrit on uptake of indocyanine green by perfused rat liver

1997 ◽  
Vol 273 (1) ◽  
pp. G227-G238 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Ott ◽  
R. A. Weisiger
Keyword(s):  
Indocyanine Green ◽  
Protein Binding ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Hepatic Clearance ◽  
Hepatic Uptake ◽  
Perfused Rat Liver ◽  
Total Plasma ◽  
Plasma Protein Concentration ◽  
Total Plasma Protein

We used a novel parameter-free approach to study the role of protein binding in the hepatic clearance of indocyanine green (ICG) from reconstituted pig blood by perfused rat liver. Either perfusate total plasma protein concentration or hematocrit was changed. By analyzing protein concentration ratios or plasma volume ratios relative to ratios of intrinsic hepatic clearance of ICG (K), it was possible to evaluate current models of hepatic uptake of protein-bound ligands without precise knowledge of some of the model parameters. A four-fold increase in the total plasma protein concentration produced only a 36% decrease in K. This was substantially less than predicted by the traditional model, where K is proportional to the free concentration of ligand. Because an unstirred water layer effect could not by itself account for the observations, the effects of binding disequilibrium in the sinusoids or uptake directly from the bound pool had to be considered. To discriminate, hematocrit was increased from 15% to 29%, causing a 20% decrease in the sinusoidal plasma volume. A significant reduction in K strongly suggested a sinusoidal binding disequilibrium effect. The dissociation rate constant predicted by this model was confirmed by in vitro measurement, further supporting this interpretation. The simple experimental design and its parameter-free evaluation provide a new tool for investigating the hepatic uptake of protein-bound ligands.

Transient model of carbon dioxide desublimation from nitrogen-carbon dioxide gas mixture

2018 ◽  
Vol 127 ◽  
pp. 339-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.N. Wang ◽  
J.M. Pfotenhauer ◽  
X.Q. Zhi ◽  
L.M. Qiu ◽  
J.F. Li
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Gas Mixture ◽  
Transient Model ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Gas

Thermal Diffusion in Argon–Carbon Dioxide Gas Mixture

1968 ◽  
Vol 48 (11) ◽  
pp. 5238-5241 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Batabyal ◽  
A. K. Ghosh ◽  
A. K. Barua
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Thermal Diffusion ◽  
Gas Mixture ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Gas

scholarly journals Regulation of maternal ACTH in ovine pregnancy: does progesterone play a role?

2008 ◽  
Vol 295 (4) ◽  
pp. E913-E920 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maureen Keller-Wood ◽  
Charles E. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Protein ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Plasma Proteins ◽  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ◽  
Mineralocorticoid Receptors ◽  
Plasma Acth ◽  
Plasma Protein Concentration

Pregnancy is characterized by increased plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and cortisol. Studies suggest that progesterone acts as an antagonist at mineralocorticoid receptors. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that chronic progesterone, produced by treatment of nonpregnant ewes or during pregnancy, will result in increased plasma ACTH relative to the plasma cortisol concentrations. We studied three groups of ewes: ovariectomized nonpregnant, nonpregnant treated with progesterone, and pregnant ewes. In two series of studies, ewes were adrenalectomized and replaced with 0.35 mg·kg−1·day−1 or 0.5 mg·kg−1·day−1 cortisol. In both studies, aldosterone was infused at 3 μg·kg−1·day−1. In the first study, additional infusions of cortisol over 24 h were used to increase daily replacement doses to 0.5, 1, or 1.5 mg·kg−1·day−1, and intact pregnant and nonpregnant ewes were studied with infusions of cortisol at 0, 0.5, and 1 mg·kg−1·day−1. In adrenalectomized ewes chronically replaced to 0.35 mg·kg−1·day−1 cortisol, plasma ACTH concentrations were decreased significantly in the nonpregnant progesterone-treated ewes compared with the ovariectomized nonpregnant ewes. With 0.5 mg·kg−1·day−1 cortisol, plasma ACTH levels were greater in pregnant ewes than in nonpregnant ewes with or without progesterone. Overall plasma ACTH levels at 0.35 mg·kg−1·day−1 were significantly related to the plasma protein concentration, suggesting that the ACTH levels in the hypocorticoid ewes are most closely related to plasma volume. Across all steroid doses, ACTH was positively related to plasma proteins and progesterone, and negatively related to cortisol. We conclude that increased progesterone does not alter the feedback relation of cortisol to ACTH, but may modulate ACTH indirectly through plasma volume.

The Investigation of Soot Free Length of Jet Flame of Propane and Carbon Dioxide Gas Mixture

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Yuling Dou ◽  
Changfa Tao ◽  
Jingwu Wang ◽  
Huaqiang Chu ◽  
Yang Hua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Gas Mixture ◽  
Jet Flame ◽  
Free Length ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Gas
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