scholarly journals Oxidative metabolic responses of rabbit pulmonary alveolar macrophages

Blood ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 486-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
LA Boxer ◽  
G Ismail ◽  
JM Allen ◽  
RL Baehner
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Alveolar Macrophages ◽  
Cytochalasin B ◽  
Surface Membrane ◽  
Nitroblue Tetrazolium ◽  
Hexose Monophosphate ◽  
Hexose Monophosphate Shunt ◽  
Opsonized Zymosan ◽  
Ferricytochrome C

Abstract During phagocytosis of opsonized lipopolysaccharide-coated paraffin oil droplets, rabbit alveolar macrophages reduced nitroblue tetrazolium, which effect was in part inhibitable with the use of superoxide dismutase. Exposure of cytochalasin-B-treated rabbit alveolar macrophages to opsonized zymosan led to the generation of superoxide, as quantitated by ferricytochrome C reduction. It was found that nitroblue tetrazolium in the presence of ferricytochrome C could in turn serve as scavenger of superoxide during stimulation of cytochalasin-B-treated rabbit alveolar macrophages. Following challenge with either opsonized zymosan or the membrane perturbant digitonin, rabbit alveolar macrophages released hydrogen peroxide into the extracellular medium. Employment of the surface membrane stimulant phorbol myristrate acetate led to activation of the hexose monophosphate shunt, which activity could be further enhanced in the presence of superoxide dismutase or attenuated in the presence of catalase. These studies demonstrate that rabbit alveolar macrophages release superoxide and hydrogen peroxide during surface membrane perturbation. In turn, hydrogen peroxide generation can stimulate the hexose monophosphate shunt.

scholarly journals Oxidative metabolic responses of rabbit pulmonary alveolar macrophages

Blood ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 486-491
Author(s):  
LA Boxer ◽  
G Ismail ◽  
JM Allen ◽  
RL Baehner
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Alveolar Macrophages ◽  
Cytochalasin B ◽  
Surface Membrane ◽  
Nitroblue Tetrazolium ◽  
Hexose Monophosphate ◽  
Hexose Monophosphate Shunt ◽  
Opsonized Zymosan ◽  
Ferricytochrome C

During phagocytosis of opsonized lipopolysaccharide-coated paraffin oil droplets, rabbit alveolar macrophages reduced nitroblue tetrazolium, which effect was in part inhibitable with the use of superoxide dismutase. Exposure of cytochalasin-B-treated rabbit alveolar macrophages to opsonized zymosan led to the generation of superoxide, as quantitated by ferricytochrome C reduction. It was found that nitroblue tetrazolium in the presence of ferricytochrome C could in turn serve as scavenger of superoxide during stimulation of cytochalasin-B-treated rabbit alveolar macrophages. Following challenge with either opsonized zymosan or the membrane perturbant digitonin, rabbit alveolar macrophages released hydrogen peroxide into the extracellular medium. Employment of the surface membrane stimulant phorbol myristrate acetate led to activation of the hexose monophosphate shunt, which activity could be further enhanced in the presence of superoxide dismutase or attenuated in the presence of catalase. These studies demonstrate that rabbit alveolar macrophages release superoxide and hydrogen peroxide during surface membrane perturbation. In turn, hydrogen peroxide generation can stimulate the hexose monophosphate shunt.

scholarly journals Macrophage variants in oxygen metabolism.

1980 ◽  
Vol 152 (4) ◽  
pp. 808-822 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Damiani ◽  
C Kiyotaki ◽  
W Soeller ◽  
M Sasada ◽  
J Peisach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Cytochrome C ◽  
Superoxide Anion ◽  
Oxygen Metabolism ◽  
Hexose Monophosphate ◽  
Phagocytic Cells ◽  
Form Complex ◽  
Hexose Monophosphate Shunt ◽  
Cytochrome C Reduction ◽  
Generate Superoxide Anion

Whereas phagocytic cells from normal individuals have the capacity to kill ingested bacteria and parasites, those from patients with several uncommon genetic deficiency diseases are known to be defective in bactericidal activity. Studies on neutrophils of these patients have revealed fundamental defects in their ability to reduce molecular oxygen and metabolize it to superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide, and oxygen radicals. In the present experiments, we describe a clone of a continuous murine macrophage-like cell line, J774.16, that, upon appropriate stimulation, activates the hexose monophosphate shunt, and produces superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide. With nitroblue tetrazolium to select against cells capable of being stimulated by phorbol myristate acetate to reduce the dye to polymer--formazan--which is toxic fot cells, we have selected for variants that are defective in oxygen metabolism. Four of these subclones have been characterized and found to be lacking in the ability (a) to generate superoxide anion, as measured by cytochrome c reduction; (b) to produce hydrogen peroxide, as measured by the ability to form complex I with cytochrome c peroxidase; and (c) to be stimulated to oxidize glucose via the hexose monophosphate shunt. These variants appear to represent a useful model for studying the molecular basis for macrophage cytocidal activity.

RHEUMATOID SERA AND SOLUBLE COMPLEXES: NITROBLUE TETRAZOLIUM DYE TEST AND HEXOSE MONOPHOSPHATE SHUNT ACTIVATION

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 823-830
Author(s):  
Lauren M. Pachman ◽  
Panida Jayanetra ◽  
Richard M. Rothberg
Keyword(s):  
Nitroblue Tetrazolium ◽  
Maximal Response ◽  
Soluble Antigen ◽  
Hexose Monophosphate ◽  
Human Leukocytes ◽  
14Co2 Evolution ◽  
Hexose Monophosphate Shunt ◽  
Dye Reduction ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Antigen Antibody

An increased number of cells containing reduced dye in the nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) test were observed when peripheral blood leukocytes of adult rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients having rheumatoid factor (RF), as well as RF-negative pediatric RA patients were studied. Therefore, the relationship between soluble antigen -antibody complexes and NBT dye reduction following phagocytosis was investigated. After intravenous injection of 131I labeled bovine serum albumin (IBSA) into six rabbits, the mean onset of immune clearance was 8.2 days (range, 7 to 9). NBT-positive cells increased from control levels (3% to 10%) at four to six days and were maximal at six days. The mean maximal response was 35% (range, 22% ot 47%). In vitro studies of the hexose monophosphate (HMP) shunt activity of human leukocytes exposed to BSA-anti-BSA complexes demonstrated a twofold to threefold stimulation in the range of slight antigen excess. Leukocyte NBT reduction was not consistently increased above that of the controls. However, when high titer RF sera was incubated with normal human leukocytes, maximal NBT responses were observed when the RF titer was 200 to 600 units (mean, 27%; controls, 2% to 8%) and 14CO2 evolution via the HMP shunt was accelerated. RF-negative sera from children with RA elicited a slight increase in NBT-positive cells and a definite increase in 14CO2 evolution was observed. It was then concluded that soluble antigen-antibody complexes in slight antigen excess altered hexose monophosphate shunt activity and increased NBT dye reduction. The NBT-positive cell in RA may be due to phagocytosis of RF accompanied by metabolic activation.

Reactive forms of oxygen and chemiluminescence in phagocytizing rabbit alveolar macrophages

1978 ◽  
Vol 235 (3) ◽  
pp. C103-C108 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. R. Miles ◽  
V. Castranova ◽  
P. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Hydroxyl Radical ◽  
Alveolar Macrophages ◽  
Superoxide Anion ◽  
Extracellular Fluid ◽  
Particle Uptake ◽  
O2 Production

Chemiluminescence (CL), superoxide anion (O2-) production, and particle uptake were measured to determine the role of antibacterial substances in the chemiluminescent response associated with phagocytosis in rabbit alveolar macrophages (AM). Exposure of AM to zymosan particles induced both CL and the production of extracellular O2-. CL is inhibited by superoxide dismutase, an enzyme which catalyzes the conversion of O2- to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), by catalase, an enzyme which destroys H2O2, and by the hydroxyl radical (.OH) scavengers, benzoate and ethanol. Superoxide dismutase and catalase probably exert their effects in the extracellular fluid. CL can also be produced by the addition of NaO2 or H2O2 to zymosan in a noncellular system. The chemiluminescent response occurs before particle uptake is complete, which also indicates that CL occurs in the extracellular fluid. These results suggest that CL induced by zymosan in AM is due to the extracellular reaction between various reactive forms of oxygen and zymosan.

scholarly journals Stimulation of the hexose monophosphate shunt independent of hydrogen peroxide and superoxide production in rabbit alveolar macrophages during phagocytosis

Blood ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 935-945 ◽  
Author(s):  
MF Tsan
Keyword(s):  
Alveolar Macrophages ◽  
Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes ◽  
Light Emission ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
H2o2 Production ◽  
Hexose Monophosphate ◽  
Latex Particles ◽  
Hexose Monophosphate Shunt ◽  
Human Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes ◽  
Stimulation Of

Abstract Phagocytosis and oxidative metabolism of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) and rabbit alveolar macrophages (AM) were studied. Human PMN ingested a mean of 12 polyvinyl toluene latex particles (2 micrometer in diameter) per cell. There was stimulation of O2- and H2O2 production, light emission, and activation of the hexose monophosphate shunt during phagocytosis by human PMN. Rabbit AM ingested 51 latex particles (2 micrometer in diameter) per cell. There was no stimulation of the production of O2- and H2O2 or light emission associated with phagocytosis by rabbit AM, while the hexose monophosphate shunt was activated. Similar metabolic changes were obtained in both cell types when opsonized zymosan was used as phagocytic particles. 1-14C- glucoseoxidation was stimulated by H2O2 and methylene blue in both resting human PMN and rabbit AM. It is concluded that activation of the hexose monophosphate shunt in rabbit AM during phagocytosis is independent of O2- and H2O2 production.

scholarly journals Stimulation of the hexose monophosphate shunt independent of hydrogen peroxide and superoxide production in rabbit alveolar macrophages during phagocytosis

Blood ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 935-945
Author(s):  
MF Tsan
Keyword(s):  
Alveolar Macrophages ◽  
Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes ◽  
Light Emission ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
H2o2 Production ◽  
Hexose Monophosphate ◽  
Latex Particles ◽  
Hexose Monophosphate Shunt ◽  
Human Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes ◽  
Stimulation Of

Phagocytosis and oxidative metabolism of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) and rabbit alveolar macrophages (AM) were studied. Human PMN ingested a mean of 12 polyvinyl toluene latex particles (2 micrometer in diameter) per cell. There was stimulation of O2- and H2O2 production, light emission, and activation of the hexose monophosphate shunt during phagocytosis by human PMN. Rabbit AM ingested 51 latex particles (2 micrometer in diameter) per cell. There was no stimulation of the production of O2- and H2O2 or light emission associated with phagocytosis by rabbit AM, while the hexose monophosphate shunt was activated. Similar metabolic changes were obtained in both cell types when opsonized zymosan was used as phagocytic particles. 1-14C- glucoseoxidation was stimulated by H2O2 and methylene blue in both resting human PMN and rabbit AM. It is concluded that activation of the hexose monophosphate shunt in rabbit AM during phagocytosis is independent of O2- and H2O2 production.

scholarly journals Regeneration of Reduced Glutathione in Erythrocytes: Stoichiometric and Temporal Relationship to Hexose Monophosphate Shunt Activity

Blood ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 691-697 ◽  
Author(s):  
Earl N. Metz ◽  
Stanley P. Balcerzak ◽  
Arthur L. Sagone
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Ionization Chamber ◽  
Temporal Relationship ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Co2 Production ◽  
Hexose Monophosphate ◽  
Hexose Monophosphate Shunt ◽  
Temporal Relationships ◽  
Direct Linkage

Abstract The stoichiometric and temporal relationships between glutathione reduction and hexose monophosphate shunt (HMPS) activity in normal red blood cells were investigated using azoester to oxidize reduced glutathione (GSH) and an ionization chamber-electrometer apparatus to measure continuously the 14CO2 derived from 14C-glucose. Under air, azoester produced rapid oxidation of GSH followed by rapid regeneration. The HMPS response was delayed and occurred after the period of maximal GSH regeneration. Due to the generation of hydrogen peroxide by azoester, cumulative shunt activity was far in excess of that theoretically required to regenerate GSH oxidized directly by azoester. Under carbon monoxide, no hydrogen peroxide was generated by azoester, and a stoichiometric relationship existed between GSH regeneration and HMPS activity. Again, however, the response of the HMPS was temporally dissociated from GSH regeneration. These findings demonstrate that under carefully controlled conditions there is a stoichiometric relationship between the regeneration of GSH and CO2 production by the HMPS but that this stoichiometry is not the result of a "direct linkage" of the two reactions.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document