scholarly journals Plasma-mediated alterations of erythrocyte deformability by perfluorochemical blood substitutes

Blood ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 173-176
Author(s):  
GM Holloway ◽  
EA O'Rear ◽  
BM Fung
Keyword(s):  
Volumetric Flow Rate ◽  
Erythrocyte Deformability ◽  
Blood Substitutes ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Cell Deformability ◽  
Red Cell Deformability ◽  
Filtration Method ◽  
Mean Cell Volume

The effect of perfluorochemical blood substitutes (eg, Oxypherol or Fluosol-DA) on red cell deformability was investigated because these emulsions are in direct contact with red cells when they are used as temporary circulatory aids. Erythrocyte deformability was assessed by a constant volumetric flow rate filtration method. The results of in vitro incubation experiments indicate that perfluorotributylamine causes the deformability of human red cells to decrease significantly in the presence of plasma. However, there is no obvious loss in the deformability when washed cells are used. Neither mean cell volume nor white cells appear to be responsible for the observed effects of perfluorotributylamine. Perfluorodecalin and perfluorotripropylamine, two perfluorochemical compounds that are widely applied clinically, do not induce significant changes in red cell deformability with or without plasma. These results indicate the need for in vitro testing in the development of perfluorochemicals as blood substitutes.

scholarly journals Plasma-mediated alterations of erythrocyte deformability by perfluorochemical blood substitutes

Blood ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 173-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
GM Holloway ◽  
EA O'Rear ◽  
BM Fung
Keyword(s):  
Volumetric Flow Rate ◽  
Erythrocyte Deformability ◽  
Blood Substitutes ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Cell Deformability ◽  
Red Cell Deformability ◽  
Filtration Method ◽  
Mean Cell Volume

Abstract The effect of perfluorochemical blood substitutes (eg, Oxypherol or Fluosol-DA) on red cell deformability was investigated because these emulsions are in direct contact with red cells when they are used as temporary circulatory aids. Erythrocyte deformability was assessed by a constant volumetric flow rate filtration method. The results of in vitro incubation experiments indicate that perfluorotributylamine causes the deformability of human red cells to decrease significantly in the presence of plasma. However, there is no obvious loss in the deformability when washed cells are used. Neither mean cell volume nor white cells appear to be responsible for the observed effects of perfluorotributylamine. Perfluorodecalin and perfluorotripropylamine, two perfluorochemical compounds that are widely applied clinically, do not induce significant changes in red cell deformability with or without plasma. These results indicate the need for in vitro testing in the development of perfluorochemicals as blood substitutes.

Red Cell Properties In Haemostasis

1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
G M Housley ◽  
G V R Born
Keyword(s):  
Red Cells ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Cell Deformability ◽  
Red Cell Deformability ◽  
Initial Flow ◽  
Red Cell Membranes ◽  
New Hypothesis ◽  
Platelets Function

Earlier observations of ours have suggested that, under in vitro conditions resembling those under which platelets function haemostatically in vivo, their activation is promoted by the red cells. Seme of the evidence suggested that this is through limited haemolysis with release of ADP. However, newly determined time relationships make this uncertain. Could red cells provide ADP without haemolysis?Crtheir flow properties affect the process more? To analyse the problem, we are determining dependence of red cell deformability on membrane constitution; and release of haemoglobin and adeninenucleotides under different conditions. Ten percent human red cell suspensions in physiological salines flow under constant pressures through 2, 3, 4 and 5 pm micropore filters, the flow rate measured continuously with an electronic balance. Initial flow rates are increased by fluidising agents, eg. ethanol, and decreased by agents with opposite effect. Our results are consistent with the new hypothesis of S.J. Singer on the mode of action of amphipathic agents, such as chlorpromazine, on red cell membranes.

Red Cell Deformability and Risk Factors in One Hundred Patients with Cerebrovascular Thrombosis

1979 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Boisseau ◽  
M Lorient ◽  
H Bricaud
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Vascular Diseases ◽  
Erythrocyte Deformability ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Cell Deformability ◽  
Filtration Time ◽  
Red Cell Deformability ◽  
Filtration Method ◽  
Atherosclerotic Lesions

The rheological importance of red cell deformability on thrombotic states has recently been established. The aim of the present study was to demonstrate the relationship between the loss of erythrocyte flexibility and vascular risk factors in one hundred patients presenting with cerebrovascular accidents (CVA).Erythrocyte deformability measured by Nucleopore filtration method was significantly (p 0.001) decreased in patients with CVA (filtration time (FT) = 57 ± 28 s. x ml-1) compared with two hundred heathly subjects (FT = 33 ± 6 s. x ml-1). Among the risk factors erythrocyte deformability mainly depended upon the gravity of Hypertension (FT = 77 ± 35 s. x ml-1; p 0.001). Additionnal risk factors such as hyperlipemia, diabetes were less effective.In all cases high FT were observed in patients with widespread atherosclerotic lesions (carotid stenosis, arteritis).Finally in thrombotic states, as CVA, the decrease of red cell deformability appears to be strongly correlated to vascular diseases and risk factors.

Red Cell Deformability and Risk Factors in one Hundred Patients with Cerebrovascular Thrombosis

1979 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Boisseau ◽  
M. F. Lorient ◽  
H. Bricaud
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Vascular Diseases ◽  
Erythrocyte Deformability ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Cell Deformability ◽  
Filtration Time ◽  
Red Cell Deformability ◽  
Filtration Method ◽  
Atherosclerotic Lesions

Erythrocyte deformability measured by Nucleopore filtration method was significantly (p 0.001) decreased in patients with CVA (filtration time (FT) = 57 ± 28 s. × ml-1) compared with two hundred heathly subjects (FT = 33 ± 6 s. × ml-1). Among the risk factors erythrocyte deformability mainly depended upon the gravity of Hypertension (FT = 77 ± 35 s. × ml-1; p 0.001), Additionnai risk factors such as hyperlipemia, diabetes were less effective.In all cases high FT were observed in patients with widespread atherosclerotic lesions (carotid stenosis, arteritis).Finally in thrombotic states, as CVA, the decrease of red cell deformability appears to be strongly correlated to vascular diseases and risk factors.

NOVEL TECHIQUES FOR QUANTIFICATION OF RBC-SHAPE (RS) AND SHEAR INDUCED RBC ELONGATION (SIRE): APPLICATION FOR ANALYSIS OF DRUG INDUCED ALTERATIONS

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Artmann ◽  
R Grebe ◽  
H Wolff ◽  
R Degenhardt ◽  
H Schmid-SchÖnbein
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Curvature ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Shear Stresses ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Cell Deformability ◽  
Red Cell Deformability ◽  
Red Cell Membrane ◽  
Filtration Method

In the past, red cell resting shape could only be assessed by subjective scaling, red cell deformability by a variety of rheological tests that are extremelydifficult to standardize and which all subject the RBC to high deforming forces. None of the latter have been accepted as reference in haematology, haemorheologyor pharmacology. A recent development from our group now allows objective, numerical analysis of red cell membrane curvature (i.e. the echinocytic or stomatocytic deviation from the discocytic resting shape) by a tangent count procedure in optical sections through freely suspended, randomly oriented RBC: (Grebe et al. Biorheology 22(6), 1985). Also, the deformation of point attached erythrocytes under the influence of extremely low shear stresses (0.05 Pa to 0.5 Pa, ARTOANN:Clin. Hemorheology 6, 1986), which are at least two orders of magnitude lower thanthat in any routinely available filtration method allows for the first time to model in vitro the extreme low flow states that occur in severe forms of haemodynamic insufficiency. These two methods in combination are ideally suited for routine tests of drug effects on normal human RBC: the drug action on RS can be monitored continuously during the action of drugs in the suspending medium; likewise, RISA can be recorded automatically on one population of adherent RBC while altering the composition and the drug concentration in the superfusate. The two methods were applied in combination to test rheological and membranological effects of two distinctly different compounds, namely Bencyclan (Bencylan-Hydrogen-Fumarate) and Vinpocitin (Aethyl vincamin) in normal cells and in cells after exposure to "stress conditions", i.e. hyperosmolarity and lactacidosis. Both olrugs given to n o r m a 1 RBC produce stomatocytosis in a done dependent fashion (1-100 uMolar). At shear stresses above o.6 Pa, the RISA is identical to controls, but is oxmsiderably less pronounced at lower shear stresses (T < 0.2 Pa). Thus, drugs of completely olifferent pharmacological action produce clear cut rheological effects on RBC in the micrcmolar concentration range; the combination of methods employed opens new possibilities for the systematic development of haemorheologically active drugs.Supported by DFG:Grant Gr 902/1-1

An Assessment of Red Cell Deformability Using a Simple Filtration Method

1979 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Drummond ◽  
G Lowe ◽  
J Belch ◽  
C Forbes ◽  
J Barbenel
Keyword(s):  
Cell Count ◽  
Shear Viscosity ◽  
White Cell Count ◽  
White Cell ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Cell Deformability ◽  
Red Cell Deformability ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Filtration Method ◽  
Significant Difference

We investigated the reproducibility and validity of a simple method of measuring red cell deformability (filtration of whole blood through 5 µ sieves) and its relationship to haematocrit, blood viscosity, fibrinogen, white cell count, sex and smoking. The mean coefficient of variation in normals was 3. 7%. Tanned red cells showed marked loss of deformability. Blood filtration rate correlated with haematocrit (r = 0. 99 on dilution of samples, r = 0. 7 in 120 normals and patients). After correction for haematocrit, deformability correlated with high shear viscosity, but not low shear viscosity, fibrinogen or white cell count. In 60 normals there was no significant difference between males and females, or smokers and non-smokers, but in 11 smokers there was an acute fall in deformability after smoking 3 cigarettes (p<0. 05). Reduced deformability was found in acute myocardial infarction (n = 15, p<0. 01) and chronic peripheral arterial disease (n = 15, p<0. 01). The technique is reproducible, detects rigid cells and appears useful in the study of vascular disease.

scholarly journals The incidence of painful crisis in homozygous sickle cell disease: correlation with red cell deformability

Blood ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 72 (6) ◽  
pp. 2056-2059
Author(s):  
WM Lande ◽  
DL Andrews ◽  
MR Clark ◽  
NV Braham ◽  
DM Black ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Cell Disease ◽  
Cell Deformability ◽  
Red Cell Deformability ◽  
Cellular Dehydration ◽  
Painful Crisis

To determine whether the vasoocclusive severity of homozygous sickle cell (SS) disease is influenced by cellular dehydration, we correlated the incidence of painful crisis with steady-state measurements of red cell hydration. Sixteen children with SS disease were followed for 3.3 to 8 years (mean, 6.8 years), and a single crisis rate was calculated for each patient. At the time of well visits, cellular hydration was assessed by measuring cell deformability, the percentage of red cells with a density greater than or equal to 1.1056 g/mL, and the percentage of irreversibly sickled cells (ISC). The incidence of painful crisis showed a strong positive correlation with Omax, a deformability measurement reflecting cellular hydration (r = .84, P less than .002), and with hemoglobin concentration (r = .59, P = .04). That is, higher crisis rates were observed in patients with less dehydrated, more deformable red cells and also in patients with higher hemoglobin concentrations. Furthermore, cell deformability and hemoglobin concentration were independent predictors of the incidence of painful crisis, which is consistent with separate effects of these two red cells parameters on vasoocclusive severity.

scholarly journals Red Blood Cells: Tethering, Vesiculation, and Disease in Micro-Vascular Flow

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 971
Author(s):  
Robert J. Asaro ◽  
Pedro Cabrales
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Myeloproliferative Neoplasms ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Cell Deformability ◽  
Red Cell Deformability ◽  
Vascular Flow ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Mechanistic Basis

The red blood cell has become implicated in the progression of a range of diseases; mechanisms by which red cells are involved appear to include the transport of inflammatory species via red cell-derived vesicles. We review this role of RBCs in diseases such as diabetes mellitus, sickle cell anemia, polycythemia vera, central retinal vein occlusion, Gaucher disease, atherosclerosis, and myeloproliferative neoplasms. We propose a possibly unifying, and novel, paradigm for the inducement of RBC vesiculation during vascular flow of red cells adhered to the vascular endothelium as well as to the red pulp of the spleen. Indeed, we review the evidence for this hypothesis that links physiological conditions favoring both vesiculation and enhanced RBC adhesion and demonstrate the veracity of this hypothesis by way of a specific example occurring in splenic flow which we argue has various renderings in a wide range of vascular flows, in particular microvascular flows. We provide a mechanistic basis for membrane loss and the formation of lysed red blood cells in the spleen that may mediate their turnover. Our detailed explanation for this example also makes clear what features of red cell deformability are involved in the vesiculation process and hence require quantification and a new form of quantitative indexing.

Roles of cell geometry and cellular viscosity in red cell passage through narrow pores

1985 ◽  
Vol 248 (5) ◽  
pp. C473-C479 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. H. Reinhart ◽  
S. Chien
Keyword(s):  
Pore Size ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Cell Passage ◽  
Cell Deformability ◽  
Red Cell Deformability ◽  
Narrow Channels ◽  
The Mean

The relative roles of two fundamental determinants of red cell deformability, namely cell size and cellular viscosity, in affecting red cell passage through narrow channels have been assessed by determining the filterability of red cells subjected to osmotic variations. Suspensions of red cells (10(6) cells/microliter) in eight different osmolalities ranging from 172 +/- 3 (mean +/- SD) to 665 +/- 28 mosmol/kg H2O were filtered through polycarbonate sieves with three different pore diameters (2.6 +/- 0.2, 4.5 +/- 0.6, and 6.9 +/- 0.8 micron). The mean corpuscular volume varied inversely with osmolality and ranged from 149 +/- 9 to 67 +/- 10 fl; the mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration varied directly with osmolality and ranged from 23.7 +/- 0.8 to 55.9 +/- 3.9 g/dl. The filtration data were analyzed with a theoretical model to derive the parameter beta, which is the ratio of resistance in a pore bearing a red blood cell to that in a pore filled with the suspending medium alone. For each pore size, beta showed a V-shaped relationship with osmolality; the optimum osmolality for minimum beta varied inversely with the pore size. For the small 2.6-micron pores, the minimum beta was attained following hyperosmotic shrinkage of the red cells at 400 mosmol/kg H2O, whereas passage through the large 6.9-micron pores was facilitated by hypoosmotic swelling of the red cells in about 200 mosmol/kg H2O. Red cell filtration through small pores is more sensitive to alterations in cell volume, whereas that through large pores is primarily determined by changes in cellular viscosity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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