scholarly journals BCL-2 Expression Correlates With Lower Proliferative Activity in the Intermediate- and High-Grade Non-Hodgkin's Lymphomas: An Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group and Southwest Oncology Group Cooperative Laboratory Study

Blood ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
pp. 1391-1398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane N. Winter ◽  
Janet Andersen ◽  
John C. Reed ◽  
Stanislaw Krajewski ◽  
Daina Variakojis ◽  
...  

Abstract An inverse relationship between BCL-2 expression and cell cycle transition has been suggested by recent studies in murine models. To investigate the clinical relevance of these laboratory studies, a group of 116 paraffin-embedded non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) biopsy specimens (Working Formulation Groups D-H, and J) from a cooperative group study of cellular DNA content were analyzed for the 14;18 translocation using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based methods and, if sufficient tissue remained, for BCL-2 and BAXexpression by immunohistochemistry. The results of these studies were then compared with the results of the previously performed flow cytometric analysis of ploidy and proliferative activity (S-phase-fraction). BCL-2 expression was inversely associated with proliferative activity (P = .001; n = 41), but there was no association between staining for Bax and %S-phase. Ploidy was not associated with either BCL-2 or BAX expression. The t(14;18) was detected in 21 of the 54 cases in which PCR-amplifiable DNA was recovered; 20 of these occurred at the major breakpoint region and 1 at the minor breakpoint region. High levels of BCL-2 orBAX expression occurred independently of t(14;18). There was no association between t(14;18) and either ploidy or proliferative activity. The inverse relationship between BCL-2 expression and proliferative activity in the intermediate- and high-grade NHLs is consistent with recent studies suggesting that Bcl-2 both retards entry into the cell cycle and inhibits apoptosis.

Blood ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 88 (10) ◽  
pp. 3919-3925 ◽  
Author(s):  
JN Winter ◽  
J Andersen ◽  
D Variakojis ◽  
LI Gordon ◽  
RI Fisher ◽  
...  

The International Index is a powerful predictor of outcome in the aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphomas that is based solely on clinical features. Proliferative activity (% S-phase) measured by flow cytometry has been reported to have prognostic significance in many series and may represent a biologic correlate of clinical behavior that further defines prognosis. Flow cytometric analysis of cellular DNA content and proliferative activity (% S-phase) was performed on fixed paraffin-embedded biopsy specimens from 242 previously untreated patients with diffuse, aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphomas entered on phase III intergroup clinical trials. The International Index was calculated for each patient based on stage, lactate dehydrogenase, performance status, number of extranodal sites, and age, as previously reported. The International Index consistently predicted response to therapy (P = .027) and survival (P = .007) in this series. DNA aneuploidy was shown in 57% of cases, but was not predictive of clinical outcome. The median % S-phase was 9.9 (median coefficient of variation, 3.6%), which was highly correlated with mitotic index (P = .0001). Although a trend associating low proliferative activity with good early survival and very high S-phase with a shortened survival was shown, International Index risk was the only significant predictor of survival in the multivariate analysis. Although proliferative activity quantitated by flow cytometric analysis of nuclei extracted from paraffin-embedded specimens is probably predictive of survival, it is a less powerful prognostic indicator than clinical parameters represented by the International Index and provides no additional prognostic information.


2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (Supplement_6) ◽  
pp. vi94-vi94
Author(s):  
Taylor Dismuke ◽  
Chaemin Lim ◽  
Timothy Gershon

Abstract CDK4/6 inhibition is a promising therapy for medulloblastoma, one of the most common malignant pediatric brain tumors. To improve pharmacokinetics, we developed a polyoxazoline nanoparticle-encapsulated formulation of the FDA-approved CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib (POx-palbo). We then administered POx-palbo to transgenic medulloblastoma-prone GFAP-Cre/SmoM2 mice, to determine the efficacy and mechanisms of action and resistance. We found that POx-palbo slowed tumor progression, but consistently failed to be curative. Further analysis showed that while CDK4/6 inhibition acutely blocked G1 cells from re-entering the cell cycle, this effect wore off within hours of drug administration. However, flow cytometric analysis of EdU uptake hours after palbociclib demonstrated aberrant S-phase with reduced rate of DNA synthesis. This POx-palbociclib-induced alteration of S-phase progression seems to remain true at later time points even when we observed that palbociclib G1/S inhibition began to decrease. Based on these data, we propose that the combinational therapy of POx-palbociclib and S-phase targeting agents will further improve treatment. Faulty tumor cell cycle progression in the presence of Pox-palbociclib may give increased window to target the S-phase for irreversible cell-cycle exit.


1999 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. S335
Author(s):  
M. Kiviniemi ◽  
I. Sauroja ◽  
A. Rajamäki ◽  
K. Punnonen ◽  
K.-O. Söderström ◽  
...  

1992 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 723-728 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Yanik ◽  
N Yousuf ◽  
M A Miller ◽  
S H Swerdlow ◽  
B Lampkin ◽  
...  

Using sequential infusions of two S-phase-specific drugs, iododeoxyuridine and bromodeoxyuridine, we have developed an in vivo method for determining the labeling index (LI), the S-phase duration (Ts), and total cell cycle times (Tc) of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. In nine non-Hodgkin's lymphomas studied, the LI ranged from 1.5% in a follicular small cleaved-cell lymphoma to 29.6% in a diffuse large-cell lymphoma. The Ts ranged from 16 hr in a large-cell lymphoma (immunoblastic type) to 117 hr in a follicular small cleaved-cell lymphoma. The Tc varied from 69 hr in a large-cell lymphoma (immunoblastic type) to over 1000 hr in all low-grade lymphomas studied. Immunohistochemical methods using anti-BrdU antibodies were used to detect cell incorporation of the two S-phase-specific drugs. In this manner, cell cycle times could be calculated while the architecture of the tumor specimen was preserved. Difficulties in using this methodology, specifically in the calculation of the growth fraction and total cell cycle times, are pointed out. This in vivo method does, however, allow for Ts calculations independent of growth fraction considerations. Correlations of cell cycle data with various biological and clinical factors await further patient follow-up.


1998 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 574-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
O W Press ◽  
M LeBlanc ◽  
T J O'Rourke ◽  
S Gagnet ◽  
R A Chapman ◽  
...  

PURPOSE The Southwest Oncology Group (SWOG) recently conducted a multiinstitutional phase II trial to determine the complete response (CR) and partial response (PR) rates, toxicities, and progression-free and overall survivals of patients with relapsed non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHLs) treated with a 24-hour continuous infusion of paclitaxel at a dose of 175 mg/m2. PATIENTS AND METHODS Sixty-six patients with relapsed NHL who had received minimal prior therapy (one prior chemotherapy regimen for intermediate- to high-grade NHL [44 patients] or one or two prior regimens for low-grade NHL [22 patients]) were premedicated with dexamethasone, diphenhydramine, and cimetidine and then treated with continuous intravenous infusion paclitaxel over 24 hours every 21 days. RESULTS Eleven of 66 patients (17%) achieved rigorously documented objective remissions, including two CRs (3%) and nine PRs (14%). In addition, another five patients (8%) achieved apparent PRs on a single computed tomographic (CT) scan. Responses were brief, lasting a median of 3 months (5 months for indolent lymphomas and 3 months for intermediate- to high-grade lymphomas). Grade 4 or 5 granulocytopenia was the only common serious toxicity, and occurred in 42 of 66 patients (64%). CONCLUSION Paclitaxel is generally well tolerated when given as a continuous infusion of 175 mg/m2 over 24 hours, despite predictable granulocytopenia. However, single-agent paclitaxel has modest clinical efficacy compared with other available treatments for relapsed NHL.


Blood ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 126 (23) ◽  
pp. 2130-2130
Author(s):  
Betsabeh Khoramian Tusi ◽  
Daniel Hidalgo ◽  
Merav Socolovsky

Abstract We previously characterized an S phase-dependent commitment switch in mouse fetal liver. Specifically, the upregulation of CD71 in the transition from Subset 0 (S0, Lin-CD71medium) to Subset 1 (S1, Lin-CD71high) identifies cells in early S phase of the last colony-forming-unit-erythroid (CFUe) generation, undergoing key differentiation events, including onset of Erythropoietin (Epo) dependence, GATA-1 activation and reconfiguration of chromatin at the §-globin locus control region. This commitment switch requires S phase progression, and is regulated by the S-phase- dependent downregulation of the transcription factor PU.1, a GATA-1 antagonist. Of note, the specific cell cycle S phase in which this commitment switch takes place differs from S phase in previous cycles, in that it is shorter, with a 50% faster rate of nucleotide incorporation into DNA. Here, we investigate whether a similar commitment switch takes place in adult bone-marrow. Using fresh bone-marrow from mice in the basal state or following Epo injection, we determined colony-forming potential, transcriptional profiles and cell cycle status of Kit+Lin- subsets defined by cell surface markers that have been previously implicated as enriched in the megakaryocytic-erythrocytic lineages: CD105, CD150, CD55, CD71, in conjunction with a PU.1-GFP reporter mouse. Using quantitative RT-PCR together with flow-cytometric analysis and the SPADE algorithm we identified a linear erythroid developmental sequence of Epo-responsive Kit+Lin-CD55+ bone-marrow subsets, which gradually declined in PU.1, transiently increased CD150, and upregulated both CD105 and CD71. The loss of PU.1 coincided with increased GATA1 levels and the transcriptional activation of erythroid genes. CFUe activity peaked within Kit+Lin-CD55+ cells that were also CD105+, where colonies of other lineage potential were rare (Fig 1). Upregulation of CD71 in erythroid cells indicates the onset of Epo receptor signaling and Epo dependence. We found that in Kit+Lin-CD55+ bone-marrow in vivo, high levels of CD71 were highly correlated with S phase (Fig 2). Furthermore, the rate of incorporation of the nucleotide analogue BrdU was substantially higher in CD71 -high cells, suggesting a rapid, short S phase. To functionally examine the role of S phase, we isolated Kit+Lin-CD55+CD105+ cells that were CD71 low, and followed their differentiation in vitro. These cells upregulate CD71 within 10 to 16 hours, followed by upregulation of Ter119. Upregulation of CD71 was Epo dependent, and took place in S phase; further, it was reversibly inhibited by the DNA polymerase inhibitor, Aphidicolin, suggesting dependence on S phase progression. We conclude that adult bone marrow Kit+Lin-CD55+CD105+ are at the CFUe developmental stage, and undergo an Epo and S-phase dependent commitment switch that activates the erythroid transcriptional and differentiation program. S phase during this commitment switch is characterized by a fast DNA synthesis rate. Figure 1. Figure 1. Figure 2. Figure 2. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


Cancer ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 544-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ediz Z. Ezdinli ◽  
William Costello ◽  
Larry P. Wasser ◽  
Raymond E. Lenhard ◽  
Costan W. Berard ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
А.Е. Кульчиков ◽  
С.Г. Морозов ◽  
Р.С. Мусин ◽  
Е.А. Гриненко

Актуальность. Нарушение работы иммунной системы при инсульте играет важную патогенетическую роль в течении данного заболевания и складывается в целом на системном уровне из депрессии неспецифического и клеточного звена иммунитета, активации гуморального иммунитета, развития аутоиммунных реакций и дисбаланса в системе цитокинов. Однако в литературе не представлены данные, посвященные изучению статуса активности иммунокомпетентных клеток в зависимости от степени тяжести острой цереброваскулярной патологии. Цель исследования: изучение пролиферативной активности и распределения лимфоцитов по фазам клеточного цикла при остром нарушении мозгового кровообращения (ОНМК) различной степени тяжести. Материалы и методы: в экспериментальном исследовании на животных (крысы линии Вистар, массой 200-220 г, n = 55) изучали пролиферативную активность и распределение Т- и В-лимфоцитов селезенки по фазам митотического цикла при экспериментальном ОНМК в левом полушарии (область внутренней капсулы) легкой, средней и тяжелой степени. У животных также оценивали неврологический статус с помощью шкалы Stroke-index McGraw в модификации И.В. Ганнушкиной. Результаты: при оценке неврологического статуса на 3-и сутки от момента воспроизведения ОНМК выявлено, что тяжесть экспериментальной модели соответствует тяжести неврологического статуса животных. При моделировании ОНМК обнаружено изменение в распределении В-лимфоцитов по фазам клеточного цикла в виде снижения пролиферативной активности, на что указывает снижение пула клеток в группах ОНМК в фазе S, в которой происходит репликация ДНК (ОНМК легкой степени: 55,3% [52,7; 58,1]; ОНМК средней степени: 53,2% [50,9; 54,7]; ОНМК тяжелой степени: 46,2% [44,2; 50,0]), в фазе G2/M, в которой происходит деление клетки (ОНМК легкой степени: 1,1% [0,9; 1,3]; ОНМК средней степени: 0,8% [0,7; 1,1]; ОНМК тяжелой степени: 0,5% [0,5; 0,7]), и увеличение количества клеток в фазе G0/G1, в которой происходит синтез мРНК и белка (ОНМК легкой степени: 43,4% [40,8; 46,2]; ОНМК средней степени: 46,1% [44,4; 48,3]; ОНМК тяжелой степени: 53,3% [49,6; 55,4]), с достоверными отличиями от контроля. Указанные изменения нарастают с утяжелением модели ОНМК. Подобная тенденция отмечена в отношении Т-лимфоцитов в группах ОНМК в виде снижения процента клеток в фазе S - в повышении пула клеток в фазах G0/G1, но при этом отмечается повышение количества лимфоцитов в фазах G2/M (ОНМК легкой степени: 2,9% [2,6; 3,2]; ОНМК средней степени: 3,8% [3,5; 4,1]; ОНМК тяжелой степени: 4,4% [4,1; 4,8] с достоверными отличиями от контроля, что указывает на активное деление клеток. Данные изменения нарастают, при повышении степени тяжести ОНМК. Заключение: острая цереброваскулярная патология приводит к нарушению распределения Т- и В-лимфоцитов селезенки по фазам клеточного цикла и снижению их пролиферативной активности с нарастанием данных изменений с утяжелением степени тяжести инсульта. Background. Impairment of the immune system in stroke plays an important pathogenic role in development of this disease and generally consists at the systemic level of depressed non-specific and cellular immunity, activated humoral immunity, autoimmune reactions, and imbalance of the cytokine system. However, information about the relationship between activity of immunocompetent cells and severity of acute cerebrovascular disease is unavailable. Aim: To study proliferative activity and distribution of lymphocytes over phases of the cell cycle in stroke of different severity. Materials and methods: This experimental study was performed on Wistar rats weighing 200-220 g (n=55). Proliferative activity and distribution of spleen T and B lymphocytes in the mitotic cycle were studied in the left hemisphere (capsula interna) on experimental models of mild, moderate and severe stroke. Neurological status of animals was evaluated using the Stroke-index McGraw scale modified by I.V. Gannushkina. Results: Assessment of the neurological status on the 3rd day after the onset of experimental stroke showed that the severity of experimental model corresponded to the severity of neurological status. Stroke was associated with changes in the distribution of B-lymphocytes over the cell cycle phases. This was evident as a decrease in proliferative activity shown by decreased pools of cells in the S-phase, in which DNA replication occurs (mild stroke, 55.3% [52.7; 58.1]; moderate stroke, 53.2% [50.9; 54.7]; severe stroke, 46.2% [44.2; 50.0]) and in the G2/M-phase, in which mitosis occurs (mild stroke, 1.1% [0.9; 1.3]; moderate stroke, 0.8% [0.7; 1.1]; severe stroke, 0.5% [0.5; 0.7]); and by increased pool of cells in the G0/G1 phase, in which mRNA and protein are synthesized (mild stroke, 43.4% [40.8; 46.2]; moderate stroke, 46.1% [44.4; 48.3]; severe stroke, 53.3% [49.6; 55.4]). These differences were significant compared with the control group. These changes increased with severity of the stroke model. A similar tendency was noted for T-lymphocytes in stroke groups - a decreased proportion of cells in the S-phase and an increased cell pool in the G0/G1-phases. However, in the G2/M-phases, the number of lymphocytes was increased (mild stroke, 2.9% [2.6; 3.2]; moderate stroke, 3.8% [3.5; 4.1]; severe stroke, 4.4% [4.1; 4.8]) and significantly different from the control, which indicated active mitosis. These changes increased with the severity of stroke. Conclusion: acute cerebrovascular pathology results in disordered distribution of splenic T and B lymphocytes over cell cycle phases and decreased lymphocyte proliferative activity; these changes increased with the severity of experimental stroke.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document