Coinfection of multiple strains of Epstein-Barr virus in immunocompetent normal individuals: reassessment of the viral carrier state

Blood ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 95 (7) ◽  
pp. 2443-2445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gopesh Srivastava ◽  
Kai Y. Wong ◽  
Alan K. S. Chiang ◽  
King Y. Lam ◽  
Qian Tao
Keyword(s):  
Epstein Barr Virus ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction Analysis ◽  
Carrier State ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Normal Individuals ◽  
Epstein Barr ◽  
Autopsy Specimens ◽  
Multiple Strains

Abstract This study reassesses the occurrence of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) diversity and coinfection versus dominance of a single viral strain within immunocompetent normal carriers. Polymerase chain reaction analysis of several different polymorphic loci of the EBV genome was performed on collections of peripheral blood mononuclear cells and multiple lymphoid and epithelial tissues of the same individuals. Autopsy specimens from 15 individuals who died of causes unrelated to EBV infection served as normal viral carriers. Unexpectedly, coinfection of multiple distinct strains of EBV of the same type (usually type 1) and less frequently of both types 1 and 2 was found to be very high within individual viral carriers. These data indicate that coinfection with multiple EBV strains is much more prevalent in normal carriers than previously appreciated, which in turn has direct implications on EBV persistence, host–viral interaction and pathogenesis.

Coinfection of multiple strains of Epstein-Barr virus in immunocompetent normal individuals: reassessment of the viral carrier state

Blood ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 95 (7) ◽  
pp. 2443-2445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gopesh Srivastava ◽  
Kai Y. Wong ◽  
Alan K. S. Chiang ◽  
King Y. Lam ◽  
Qian Tao
Keyword(s):  
Epstein Barr Virus ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction Analysis ◽  
Carrier State ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Normal Individuals ◽  
Epstein Barr ◽  
Autopsy Specimens ◽  
Multiple Strains

This study reassesses the occurrence of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) diversity and coinfection versus dominance of a single viral strain within immunocompetent normal carriers. Polymerase chain reaction analysis of several different polymorphic loci of the EBV genome was performed on collections of peripheral blood mononuclear cells and multiple lymphoid and epithelial tissues of the same individuals. Autopsy specimens from 15 individuals who died of causes unrelated to EBV infection served as normal viral carriers. Unexpectedly, coinfection of multiple distinct strains of EBV of the same type (usually type 1) and less frequently of both types 1 and 2 was found to be very high within individual viral carriers. These data indicate that coinfection with multiple EBV strains is much more prevalent in normal carriers than previously appreciated, which in turn has direct implications on EBV persistence, host–viral interaction and pathogenesis.

Transient Immunodeficiency During Asymptomatic Epstein-Barr Virus Infection

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 964-967
Author(s):  
THOMAS J. BOWEN ◽  
RALPH J. WEDGWOOD ◽  
HANS D. OCHS ◽  
WERNER HENLE
Keyword(s):  
Epstein Barr Virus ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Epstein Barr Virus Infection ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Immunoglobulin Synthesis ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Ebv Infection ◽  
Epstein Barr

In vivo and in vitro humoral and cellular immune responses were studied in a 2½-year-old girl immediately before, during, and after an asymptomatic infection with Epstein-Barr virus. During the acute EBV infection, the patient's peripheral blood mononuclear cells were deficient in immunoglobulin synthesis and suppressed the in vitro immunoglobulin synthesis of normal allogeneic cells. In vitro mitogen transformation of lymphocytes was reduced. In vivo antibody responses to the T cell-dependent antigens bacteriophage φX 174 and Keyhole limpet hemocyanin were markedly depressed. These studies suggest that suppressor cells induced during acute EBV infection not only suppress immunoglobulin synthesis in vitro, but also interfere with in vivo antibody synthesis.

scholarly journals In vitro effects of Epstein-Barr virus on peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with rheumatoid arthritis and normal subjects.

1978 ◽  
Vol 148 (5) ◽  
pp. 1429-1434 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Slaughter ◽  
D A Carson ◽  
F C Jensen ◽  
T L Holbrook ◽  
J H Vaughan
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Epstein Barr Virus ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Blood Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Epstein Barr

Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 10 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and 9 control subjects were cultured in vitro for 30 days with and without infection by Epstein-Barr virus. All cultures showed polyclonal stimulation of B cells as indicated by rising levels of IgM in the culture supernates, reaching maximal at 18-24 days, and with no quantitative or kinetic difference between the RA and control cells. IgM anti-IgG was also produced in both groups and maximally at 18-24 days, but in greater quantity by the RA lymphocytes. The anti-IgG made by the RA lymphocytes was more easily absorbed by solid phase IgG than was the anti-IgG made by the normal lymphocytes and thus was judged to be of higher affinity. RA lymphocytes uninfected with EBV had higher transformation scores than did the normal controls and developed spontaneously into permanent cell lines in six instances.

Application of the ELISPOT assay to the characterization of CD8+ responses to Epstein-Barr virus antigens

Blood ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 241-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Yang ◽  
Victor M. Lemas ◽  
Ian W. Flinn ◽  
Chris Krone ◽  
Richard F. Ambinder
Keyword(s):  
Elispot Assay ◽  
Epstein Barr Virus ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Cd8 Cells ◽  
Peptide Epitopes ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Epstein Barr

CD8+ cells have an important role in controlling Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. We adapted the interferon-γ ELISPOT assay to the quantitative analysis of EBV-specific CD8+ cells. Using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy donors, we measured both the aggregate response to the virus, using EBV-transformed lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) as stimulators, and the specific responses to 2 A2-restricted peptide epitopes: the subdominant latency membrane protein-2 (LMP2) peptide CLGGLLTMV and the early lytic BMLF1 peptide GLCTLVAML. LCL-responsive CD8+ cells were detected in all EBV-seropositive donors (range 954 to 37 830 spots/106CD8+ cells). LMP2 peptide-responsive CD8+cells were detected in 10 of 11 healthy seropositive A2 donors (range 11 to 83 spots/106 PBMC). BMLF1 peptide-responsive CD8+ cells were detected in all seropositive A2 donors examined (range 13 to 943 spots/106 PBMC). Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) lines generated with weekly stimulation of LCLs for therapeutic purposes were also studied. Relative to PBMCs, these CTL lines showed a marked increase in the level of LCL-responsive and LMP2 peptide-responsive CD8+ cells and a lesser degree of expansion of BMLF1 peptide-responsive CD8+ cells. Finally, we applied the ELISPOT assay to monitor adoptive infusion of EBV CTL lines. In 2 patients examined, a transient increase in LCL-responsive CD8+ cells could be detected after infusion. Thus, the ELISPOT assay can be applied to the analysis of CD8+responses to EBV antigens in PBMCs, in ex vivo expanded CTL lines, and in PBMCs from patients treated with ex vivo expanded CTL lines. (Blood. 2000;95:241-248)

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