scholarly journals Dasatinib-based Two-step Induction for Adults with Philadelphia Chromosome-Positive Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isamu Sugiura ◽  
Noriko Doki ◽  
Tomoko Hata ◽  
Ryuko Cho ◽  
Toshiro Ito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Residual Disease ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Philadelphia Chromosome ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Clinical Trial Registry ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Consolidation Phase ◽  
T315i Mutation ◽  
Philadelphia Chromosome Positive

The standard treatment for adults with Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph+ALL) in Japan is imatinib-based chemotherapy followed by allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). However, approximately 40% of patients cannot undergo HSCT in their first complete remission (CR1) because of chemotherapy-related toxicities and relapse before HSCT, and older age. We evaluated dasatinib-based two-step induction with the primary endpoint of 3-year event-free survival (EFS) in this study. The first induction (IND1) was dasatinib plus prednisolone to achieve CR and the second (IND2) was dasatinib plus intensive chemotherapy to achieve minimal residual disease (MRD)-negativity. Patients who achieved CR and had an appropriate donor were recommended to undergo HSCT during a consolidation phase later than the first consolidation, which included high-dose methotrexate. Prophylactic dasatinib after HSCT was assigned to patients with positive pre-transplant MRD. All 78 eligible patients achieved CR or incomplete CR after IND1, and 52.6% achieved MRD-negativity after IND2. Non-relapse mortality (NRM) was not reported. T315I mutation was detected in all 4 hematological relapses before HSCT. Fifty-eight (74.4%) patients underwent HSCT in CR1 and 44 (75.9%) were negative with pre-transplant MRD. At a median follow-up of 4.0 years, the 3-year EFS and overall survival were 66.2% (95% confidence interval [CI], 54.4-75.5) and 80.5% (95% CI, 69.7-87.7), respectively. The cumulative incidence of relapse and NRM at 3 years from enrollment were 26.1% and 7.8%, respectively. Dasatinib-based two-step induction was demonstrated to improve the 3-year EFS. This study was registered in the UMIN Clinical Trial Registry as #UMIN000012173.

Treatment Selection for Philadelphia Chromosome-Positive Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in the Era of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors

Chemotherapy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingying Ma ◽  
Quanchao Zhang ◽  
Peiyan Kong ◽  
Jingkang Xiong ◽  
Xi Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Tyrosine Kinase ◽  
Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors ◽  
Kinase Inhibitors ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Philadelphia Chromosome ◽  
Molecular Response ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Philadelphia Chromosome Positive

With the advent of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), the treatment of Philadelphia chromosome-positive (Ph+) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) has entered a new era. The efficacy of TKIs compared with other ALL treatment options is emphasized by a rapid increase in the number of TKI clinical trials. Subsequently, the use of traditional approaches, such as combined chemotherapy and even allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT), for the treatment of ALL is being challenged in the clinic. In light of the increased use of TKIs in the clinic, several questions have been raised. First, is it necessary to use intensive chemotherapy during the induction course of therapy to achieve a minimal residual disease (MRD)-negative status? Must a patient reach a complete molecular response/major molecular response before receiving allo-HSCT? Does MRD status affect long-term survival after allo-HSCT? Is auto-HSCT an appropriate alternative for allo-HSCT in those Ph+ ALL patients who lack suitable donors? Here, we review the recent literature in an attempt to summarize the current status of TKI usage in the clinic, including several new therapeutic approaches, provide answers for the above questions, and speculate on the future direction of TKI utilization for the treatment of Ph+ ALL patients.

scholarly journals Prospective outcome data on 267 unselected adult patients with Philadelphia chromosome–positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia confirms superiority of allogeneic transplantation over chemotherapy in the pre-imatinib era: results from the International ALL Trial MRC UKALLXII/ECOG2993

Blood ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 113 (19) ◽  
pp. 4489-4496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adele K. Fielding ◽  
Jacob M. Rowe ◽  
Susan M. Richards ◽  
Georgina Buck ◽  
Anthony V. Moorman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Prospective Trial ◽  
Philadelphia Chromosome ◽  
Outcome Data ◽  
White Blood Count ◽  
Unrelated Donor ◽  
No Donor ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Philadelphia Chromosome Positive

Abstract Prospective data on the value of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloHSCT) in Philadelphia chromosome–positive (Ph+) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) are limited. The UKALLXII/ECOG 2993 study evaluated the outcome of assigning alloHSCT with a sibling (sib) or matched unrelated donor (MUD) to patients younger than 55 years of age achieving complete remission (CR). The CR rate of 267 patients, median age 40, was 82%. Twenty-eight percent of patients proceeded to alloHSCT in first CR. Age older than 55 years or a pre-HSCT event were the most common reasons for failure to progress to alloHSCT. At 5 years, overall survival (OS) was 44% after sib alloHSCT, 36% after MUD alloHSCT, and 19% after chemotherapy. After adjustment for sex, age, and white blood count and excluding chemotherapy-treated patients who relapsed or died before the median time to alloHSCT, only relapse-free survival remained significantly superior in the alloHSCT group (odds ratio 0.31, 95% confidence interval 0.16-0.61). An intention-to-treat analysis, using the availability or not of a matched sibling donor, showed 5-year OS to be nonsignificantly better at 34% with a donor versus 25% with no donor. This prospective trial in adult Ph+ ALL indicates a modest but significant benefit to alloHSCT. This trial has been registered with clinicaltrials.gov under identifier NCT00002514 and as ISRCTN77346223.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Inotuzumab Ozogamicin plus Ponatinib Followed by Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation in a Patient with Relapsed Philadelphia Chromosome-Positive Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Ilina Micheva ◽  
Vladimir Gerov ◽  
Stela Dimitrova ◽  
Merlin Efraim
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Stem Cell Transplantation ◽  
Cell Transplantation ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Philadelphia Chromosome ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Poor Overall Survival ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Philadelphia Chromosome Positive

Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph + ALL) is an aggressive disease with poor outcomes. Despite the incorporation of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in the therapeutic strategies, patients who relapse after chemotherapy plus TKI have poor overall survival (OS) and less chance to proceed to hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) which remains the only curative approach. Therefore, new drugs, such as antibody-targeted therapies alone or in combination with TKIs, offer new therapeutic options for those patients. However, the combination of inotuzumab plus ponatinib has limited application. We present a case of a patient affected by Ph + ALL with T315I mutation successfully treated after early relapse with inotuzumab plus ponatinib, followed by allogeneic HSCT and ponatinib maintenance.

scholarly journals The role of stem cell transplantation in the management of Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 357-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose-Maria Ribera ◽  
Jordi Ribera ◽  
Eulalia Genescà
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Stem Cell Transplantation ◽  
Cell Transplantation ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Philadelphia Chromosome ◽  
Molecular Response ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Philadelphia Chromosome Positive

The concurrent administration of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) with standard chemotherapy together with allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloHSCT) has improved the outcome of patients with Philadelphia chromosome-positive (Ph+) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Although to date, no study has shown alloHSCT to be inferior to chemotherapy plus TKIs in any subgroup of adult Ph+ ALL, there is some evidence suggesting no additional benefit of alloHSCT in patients with deep molecular responses to intensive chemotherapy with a second-generation, and especially, third-generation TKI. As none of these positive and negative studies are controlled, randomized trials are needed to fully define the role of alloHSCT in Ph+ ALL, especially in those with deep molecular response. However, if studies combining TKIs with new approaches such as immunotherapy lead to durable responses, alloHSCT in the first complete remission could be avoided in the near future in the majority of patients with Ph+ ALL.

Modern Therapy of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

2011 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 532-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renato Bassan ◽  
Dieter Hoelzer
Keyword(s):  
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Residual Disease ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
Therapeutic Decisions

Although acute lymphoblastic leukemia is curable in one third of adult patients, results vary greatly on account of different clinical, immunologic, and cytogenetic/genetic characteristics. These data, along with the kinetics of response to early treatment, help establish the individual risk class with considerable accuracy, and support risk-specific treatments that should warrant optimal results with as little as possible nonrelapse mortality. Modern first-line therapy consists of standard- and high-dose chemotherapy (increasingly inspired to pediatric principles), hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation, and new targeted therapy, all integrated with the analysis of prognostic factors and the study of subclinical residual disease for key therapeutic decisions. These changes are improving long-term outcome, which in ongoing studies is expected close to 50% or greater.

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