LSC - 2021 - Club cell functions as a Wnt-responsive progenitor for tissue repair in COPD

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hu Yan ◽  
Chiara Ciminieri ◽  
Reinoud Gosens ◽  
Christopher Evans ◽  
Melanie Koenigshoff
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Repair ◽  
Club Cell ◽  
Cell Functions

Club cell functions as a Wnt-responsive progenitor for tissue repair in COPD

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Hu ◽  
C Ciminieri ◽  
R Gosens ◽  
C Evans ◽  
M Koenigshoff
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Repair ◽  
Club Cell ◽  
Cell Functions

scholarly journals Club Cell Functions As A Wnt‐responsible Progenitor For Tissue Repair In COPD

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Hu ◽  
Chiara Ciminieri ◽  
Reinoud Gosens ◽  
Christopher Evans ◽  
Melanie Königshoff
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Repair ◽  
Club Cell ◽  
Cell Functions

Divergent effects of hypoxia on dendritic cell functions

Blood ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 112 (9) ◽  
pp. 3723-3734 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Mancino ◽  
Tiziana Schioppa ◽  
Paola Larghi ◽  
Fabio Pasqualini ◽  
Manuela Nebuloni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Mhc Class Ii ◽  
Chemokine Receptor ◽  
Tissue Repair ◽  
Immune Reactivity ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Cell Functions ◽  
Chemokine Receptor Ccr5 ◽  
Stimulatory Capacity ◽  
Safeguard Mechanism

Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs) that patrol tissues to sense danger signals and activate specific immune responses. In addition, they also play a role in inflammation and tissue repair. Here, we show that oxygen availability is necessary to promote full monocyte-derived DC differentiation and maturation. Low oxygen tension (hypoxia) inhibits expression of several differentiation and maturation markers (CD1a, CD40, CD80, CD83, CD86, and MHC class II molecules) in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), as well as their stimulatory capacity for T-cell functions. These events are paralleled by impaired up-regulation of the chemokine receptor CCR7, an otherwise necessary event for the homing of mature DCs to lymph nodes. In contrast, hypoxia strongly up-regulates production of proinflammatory cytokines, particularly TNFα and IL-1β, as well as the inflammatory chemokine receptor CCR5. Subcutaneous injection of hypoxic DCs into the footpads of mice results in defective DC homing to draining lymph nodes, but enhanced leukocyte recruitment at the site of injection. Thus, hypoxia uncouples the promotion of inflammatory and tissue repair from sentinel functions in DCs, which we suggest is a safeguard mechanism against immune reactivity to damaged tissues.

scholarly journals Emerging properties of hydrogels in tissue engineering

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 204173141876828 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jung-Hwan Lee ◽  
Hae-Won Kim
Keyword(s):  
Cell Fate ◽  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Tissue Repair ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Repair Process ◽  
Static Stiffness ◽  
Biophysical Properties ◽  
Matrix Synthesis ◽  
Cell Functions ◽  
Polymeric Networks

Hydrogels are three-dimensional polymeric networks filled with water and mimic tissue environments. Therefore, they are considered optimal to deliver cells and engineer damaged tissues. The hydrogel networks have been significantly modified to endow biochemical functionality with adhesive ligands, growth factors, or degradable sites that are helpful to drive proper cell functions. Recently, some of the biophysical properties of hydrogels have emerged as key players in dictating cell fate. Beyond static stiffness, time-dependent stress/strain changes in the interaction with cells and the cell-mediated degradation and matrix synthesis have been demonstrated to shape cell status and tissue repair process. We highlight here the emerging biophysical properties of hydrogels that can motivate tissue engineers to design and develop hydrogels optimally for tissue regeneration.

scholarly journals Progerin expression disrupts critical adult stem cell functions involved in tissue repair

Aging ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 1049-1063 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurin Marie Pacheco ◽  
Lourdes Adriana Gomez ◽  
Janice Dias ◽  
Noel M Ziebarth ◽  
Guy A Howard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Tissue Repair ◽  
Adult Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Functions

Retrodifferentiation – a mechanism for cellular regeneration?

2009 ◽  
Vol 390 (5/6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralf Hass
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Repair ◽  
Cellular Differentiation ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Specific Cell ◽  
Cell Renewal ◽  
Cell Functions ◽  
Differentiated Cells ◽  
Cellular Regeneration ◽  
Interesting Alternative ◽  
Stimulation Of

Abstract Cellular differentiation can be characterized by the acquisition of specified properties during several steps of development whereby the original stem- or precursor-like populations can finally obtain a certain phenotype with highly specific cell functions. The continuing maturation process can be paralleled by progressively reduced proliferative capacity in various cell types functioning as postmitotic tissues. Conversely, other cell populations (e.g., distinct immune cells) may carry out their specific function upon stimulation of proliferation. While these differentiated phenotypes perform their appropriate specific duties throughout the functioning organism, nature may provide an interesting alternative within this concept of life: sometimes, differentiation steps appear to be reversible. Thus, retrograde differentiation – also termed retrodifferentiation – and accordingly rejuvenation may occur when differentiated cells lose their specific properties acquired during previous steps of maturation. Consequently, retrodifferentiation and rejuvenation could provide enormous potential for tissue repair and cell renewal; however, regulatory dysfunctions within these retrograde developments may also involve the risk of tumor promotion.

On the structural organization of biological pumps and channels

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 138-141
Author(s):  
G. Zampighi ◽  
M. Kreman
Keyword(s):  
Active Transport ◽  
Transport System ◽  
Plasma Membranes ◽  
Transport Proteins ◽  
Molecular Organization ◽  
Passive Transport ◽  
Concentration Gradients ◽  
Cell Functions ◽  
Natural Concentration ◽  
Active Transport System

The plasma membranes of most animal cells contain transport proteins which function to provide passageways for the transported species across essentially impermeable lipid bilayers. The channel is a passive transport system which allows the movement of ions and low molecular weight molecules along their concentration gradients. The pump is an active transport system and can translocate cations against their natural concentration gradients. The actions and interplay of these two kinds of transport proteins control crucial cell functions such as active transport, excitability and cell communication. In this paper, we will describe and compare several features of the molecular organization of pumps and channels. As an example of an active transport system, we will discuss the structure of the sodium and potassium ion-activated triphosphatase [(Na+ +K+)-ATPase] and as an example of a passive transport system, the communicating channel of gap junctions and lens junctions.

Multimode light microscopy and fluorescence-based reagents as tools for the study of chemical and molecular dynamics of living cells and tissues

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 418-419
Author(s):  
D. L. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Living Cells ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
Macromolecular Assemblies ◽  
Cell Functions ◽  
Molecular Events ◽  
Yield Information ◽  
Full Knowledge ◽  
Structural Methods

Cells function through the complex temporal and spatial interplay of ions, metabolites, macromolecules and macromolecular assemblies. Biochemical approaches allow the investigator to define the components and the solution chemical reactions that might be involved in cellular functions. Static structural methods can yield information concerning the 2- and 3-D organization of known and unknown cellular constituents. Genetic and molecular techniques are powerful approaches that can alter specific functions through the manipulation of gene products and thus identify necessary components and sequences of molecular events. However, full knowledge of the mechanism of particular cell functions will require direct measurement of the interplay of cellular constituents. Therefore, there has been a need to develop methods that can yield chemical and molecular information in time and space in living cells, while allowing the integration of information from biochemical, molecular and genetic approaches at the cellular level.

The photoreceptor cytoskeleton visualized

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 480-481
Author(s):  
Beth Burnside
Keyword(s):  
Outer Segment ◽  
Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Retinal Pigment ◽  
Cell Polarization ◽  
Synaptic Proteins ◽  
Cell Functions ◽  
Vertebrate Photoreceptor ◽  
Numerous Cell ◽  
Turn Over

The vertebrate photoreceptor provides a drammatic example of cell polarization. Specialized to carry out phototransduction at its distal end and to synapse with retinal interneurons at its proximal end, this long slender cell has a uniquely polarized morphology which is reflected in a similarly polarized cytoskeleton. Membranes bearing photopigment are localized in the outer segment, a modified sensory cilium. Sodium pumps which maintain the dark current critical to photosensory transduction are anchored along the inner segment plasma membrane between the outer segment and the nucleus.Proximal to the nucleus is a slender axon terminating in specialized invaginating synapses with other neurons of the retina. Though photoreceptor diameter is only 3-8u, its length from the tip of the outer segment to the synapse may be as great as 200μ. This peculiar linear cell morphology poses special logistical problems and has evoked interesting solutions for numerous cell functions. For example, the outer segment membranes turn over by means of a unique mechanism in which new disks are continuously added at the proximal base of the outer segment, while effete disks are discarded at the tip and phagocytosed by the retinal pigment epithelium. Outer segment proteins are synthesized in the Golgi near the nucleus and must be transported north through the inner segment to their sites of assembly into the outer segment, while synaptic proteins must be transported south through the axon to the synapse.The role of the cytoskeleton in photoreceptor motile processes is being intensely investigated in several laboratories.

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