Sidestream cigarette smoke effects on cardiovascular responses in conscious rats: involvement of oxidative stress in the fourth cerebral ventricle

Background: Cigarette smoke free radicals can cause cellular damage and different diseases. All the body fluids have antioxidants which protect against free radicals. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate salivary total antioxidant capacity and peroxidase, uric acid and malondialdehyde levels in smokers and a nonsmoking control group. Methods: Unstimulated saliva was collected from 510 males. A total of 259 subjects were current smokers and 251 were non-smokers. The levels of salivary total antioxidant capacity, uric acid, peroxidase and malondialdehyde were measured using standard procedures. Data were analyzed with t test and ANOVA. Results: The smokers were younger and dental hygiene index was higher than healthy nonsmoking controls. The mean total antioxidant capacity in smokers and nonsmokers was 0.13±0.07 and 0.21±011, respectively (P=0.001). Smokers had significantly lower peroxidase and uric acid levels than healthy controls. In addition, the mean malondialdehyde levels in the smokers and nonsmokers were 4.55 ±2.61 and 2.79 ±2.21, respectively (P=0.001). Conclusion: Cigarette smoke produces free radical and oxidative stress, causing many side effects. Salivary antioxidant levels decreased and malondialdehyde levels increased in smokers, indicating the high oxidative stress among smokers compared to nonsmokers. Cigarette smoke had deleterious effects on main salivary antioxidants levels.

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Pirfenidone mediates cigarette smoke extract induced inflammation and oxidative stress in vitro and in vivo

International Immunopharmacology ◽

10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107593 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 96 ◽

pp. 107593

Author(s):

Yiming Ma ◽

Lijuan Luo ◽

Xiangming Liu ◽

Herui Li ◽

Zihang Zeng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Cigarette Smoke ◽

Cigarette Smoke Extract ◽

And Oxidative Stress

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Autonomic Cardiovascular Responses to Heme Oxygenase Inhibition in Conscious Rats

Hypertension ◽

10.1161/01.hyp.0000245678.56354.21 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 48 (6) ◽

pp. 1124-1129 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Haruhisa Hirakawa ◽

Yoshiaki Hayashida

Keyword(s):

Heme Oxygenase ◽

Cardiovascular Responses ◽

Conscious Rats

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Comparison of Oxidative Effects of Electronic Cigarette and Tobacco Smoke Exposure Performed Experimentally

European Addiction Research ◽

10.1159/000518204 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Oktay Aslaner

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Cigarette Smoke ◽

Tobacco Smoke ◽

Smoke Exposure ◽

Electronic Cigarette ◽

Tobacco Smoke Exposure ◽

Cigarette Smoke Exposure ◽

Control Group ◽

Exposure Group ◽

Oxidative Effects

Objective: Cigarette smoking is a life-threatening habit that has rapidly spread in every socioeconomic part of the public worldwide. There exist mechanisms of nicotine delivery available to use in the hope of halting cigarette smoking, and the electronic cigarette (EC) is one of the common methods used for tobacco smoking replacement. This study aimed to investigate experimentally the oxidative effects of tobacco smoke and EC smoke which contain nicotine. Method: We constructed smoke circuit rooms for exposing the rats to EC or tobacco smoke. Three groups were created, the control group (N = 8); the electronic cigarette group (N = 8), exposure to electronic cigarette smoke for 2 h per day; and the tobacco group (N = 8), exposure to traditional cigarette smoke for 2 h per day. After the first and second week of exposure, blood samples were obtained, and serum oxidative stress index (OSI), paraoxonase 1 (PON1) activity, and prolidase levels were evaluated. Results: Higher values of OSI and prolidase levels were detected in the first week of EC or tobacco smoke exposure in both study groups (p < 0.001) when compared with the control group, and partial decrements were observed in the second week. By contrast, elevated PON1 levels were observed in the second week after EC or tobacco smoke exposure. The highest OSI levels were observed in the tobacco smoke group (p < 0.001). The lowest values of PON1 levels were detected in the first week of the electronic cigarette smoke group, and this decremental value was statistically different than normal, the second week of the electronic cigarette smoke group, the first week of the traditional cigarette smoke exposure group, and the second week of the traditional cigarette smoke exposure group values (p < 0.000). Conclusion: Our results indicate that EC smoke induced oxidative stress. Therefore, ECs are potentially risky for human health and can lead to important health problems.

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Maternal Oxidative Stress, Placental Morphometry, and Fetal Growth in Diabetic Rats Exposed to Cigarette Smoke

Reproductive Sciences ◽

10.1177/1933719118815589 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 26 (9) ◽

pp. 1287-1293 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Yuri K. Sinzato ◽

Estela M. Bevilacqua ◽

Gustavo T. Volpato ◽

Rogelio E. Hernandez-Pando ◽

Marilza V. C. Rudge ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Cigarette Smoke ◽

Fetal Growth ◽

Fetal Development ◽

Oxidative Stress Biomarkers ◽

Junctional Zone ◽

Pregnant Rats ◽

Stress Biomarkers ◽

Vascular Walls ◽

The Impact

The diabetic syndrome affects pregnancy, contributing to placental functional and structural disruptions and impaired fetal development, with many reports indicating tobacco-associated morbidity and perinatal mortality. In our study, an experimental rat model of diabetes and cigarette smoke exposure in pregnant rats was used to determine the impact of the combination of diabetes and exposure to cigarette smoke during pregnancy on maternal oxidative stress biomarkers and placental and fetal development. Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin, and dams were exposed to cigarette smoke by mainstream smoke generated by a mechanical smoking device and delivered into a chamber. Four groups of dams were studied: nondiabetic (C, control) and diabetic (D) exposed to filtered air and nondiabetic (CS) and diabetic (DS) exposed to cigarette smoke prior to and during pregnancy. Maternal oxidative stress biomarkers, placental morphology, and fetal growth were determined close to term. The combination of diabetes and cigarette smoke resulted in elevated maternal blood glucose levels and increased number of small fetuses. Placentas from the DS group showed increased junctional zone and decreased labyrinthine area. The morphological alterations were characterized by extensive vascular congestion, thickness, and hyalinization of the vascular walls, numerous decidual cells with abundant glycogen, and macrophages with cytoplasmic inclusions of hemosiderin. Additionally, they showed increased glycogen accumulation and junctional zone structural derangement with ectopic giant cells. No alterations were observed in maternal oxidative stress status. Thus, our result suggests that diabetes makes pregnant rats more susceptible to the adverse effects of exposure to cigarette smoke on placental morphometry and fetal growth.

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