scholarly journals Effects of salivary protein flow and indigenous microorganisms on initial colonization of Candida albicans in an in vivo model

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Norihiko Kanaguchi ◽  
Naoki Narisawa ◽  
Tatsuro Ito ◽  
Yosuke Kinoshita ◽  
Yasuka Kusumoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Salivary Protein ◽  
In Vivo Model ◽  
Indigenous Microorganisms

scholarly journals Anti-Candida albicans Activity of Thiazolylhydrazone Derivatives in Invertebrate and Murine Models

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lana Cruz ◽  
Larissa Lopes ◽  
Felipe de Camargo Ribeiro ◽  
Nívea de Sá ◽  
Cleudiomar Lino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Larval Survival ◽  
In Vivo Model ◽  
Murine Models ◽  
Greater Wax Moth ◽  
Fungal Load ◽  
Systemic Model

Candidiasis is an opportunistic fungal infection with Candida albicans being the most frequently isolated species. Treatment of these infections is challenging due to resistance that can develop during therapy, and the limited number of available antifungal compounds. Given this situation, the aim of this study was to evaluate the antifungal activity of four thiazolylhydrazone compounds against C. albicans. Thiazolylhydrazone compounds 1, 2, 3, and 4 were found to exert antifungal activity, with MICs of 0.125–16.0 μg/mL against C. albicans. The toxicity of the compounds was evaluated using human erythrocytes and yielded LC50 > 64 μg/mL. The compounds were further evaluated using the greater wax moth Galleria mellonella as an in vivo model. The compounds prolonged larval survival when tested between 5 and 15 mg/kg, performing as well as fluconazole. Compound 2 was evaluated in murine models of oral and systemic candidiasis. In the oral model, compound 2 reduced the fungal load on the mouse tongue; and in the systemic model it reduced the fungal burden found in the kidney when tested at 10 mg/kg. These results show that thiazolylhydrazones are an antifungal towards C. albicans with in vivo efficacy.

scholarly journals The Interactions between the Antimicrobial Peptide P-113 and Living Candida albicans Cells Shed Light on Mechanisms of Antifungal Activity and Resistance

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 2654 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuang-Ting Cheng ◽  
Chih-Lung Wu ◽  
Bak-Sau Yip ◽  
Ya-Han Chih ◽  
Kuang-Li Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Antimicrobial Peptide ◽  
Oral Candidiasis ◽  
Immune Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Salivary Protein ◽  
Histatin 5 ◽  
C Terminus

In the absence of proper immunity, such as in the case of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients, Candida albicans, the most common human fungal pathogen, may cause mucosal and even life-threatening systemic infections. P-113 (AKRHHGYKRKFH), an antimicrobial peptide (AMP) derived from the human salivary protein histatin 5, shows good safety and efficacy profiles in gingivitis and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients with oral candidiasis. However, little is known about how P-113 interacts with Candida albicans or its degradation by Candida-secreted proteases that contribute to the fungi’s resistance. Here, we use solution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) methods to elucidate the molecular mechanism of interactions between P-113 and living Candida albicans cells. Furthermore, we found that proteolytic cleavage of the C-terminus prevents the entry of P-113 into cells and that increasing the hydrophobicity of the peptide can significantly increase its antifungal activity. These results could help in the design of novel antimicrobial peptides that have enhanced stability in vivo and that can have potential therapeutic applications.

scholarly journals Impact of Antimicrobial Dosing Regimen on Evolution of Drug Resistance In Vivo: Fluconazole and Candida albicans

2006 ◽  
Vol 50 (7) ◽  
pp. 2374-2383 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Andes ◽  
A. Forrest ◽  
A. Lepak ◽  
J. Nett ◽  
K. Marchillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Resistant Cell ◽  
In Vivo Model ◽  
Dosing Regimen ◽  
Resistance Development ◽  
Drug Dosing ◽  
Dosing Regimens ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Selection Of

ABSTRACT Numerous factors have been theorized to affect the development of antimicrobial resistance, including those specific to the host, the organism, the environment, the drug, and the drug prescriber. One variable under the control of the prescriber is the drug dosing regimen. Dosing regimens can vary in dose level, dosing interval, and treatment duration. The current studies examined the relationships between antimicrobial dosing regimens and resistance development by use of an in vivo model. A murine model of systemic Candida albicans infection was used to examine resistance emergence during exposure to the triazole antifungal fluconazole. Data from this experimental model demonstrated that the more frequently administered dosing prevented selection of the isogenic resistant cell populations. Conversely, dosing regimens producing prolonged sub-MIC effects appeared to contribute to the outgrowth of isogenic resistant strains. The association between dosing and resistance emergence observed in the current investigation is disparate from that described for antimicrobial compounds with cidal killing characteristics. The inhibitory or static antimicrobial activity of the triazole compounds may explain these differences.

scholarly journals New phenomena for clinicians, model of Candida albicans mobilization before and after biofilm formation in the intestinal mucosa of Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus)

2021 ◽  
pp. 165-170
Author(s):  
Masfufatun Masfufatun ◽  
Loo Hariyanto Raharjo ◽  
Harsono Wiradinata ◽  
Putu Oky Ari Tania ◽  
Ni'matuzahroh Ni'matuzahroh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
In Vivo Model ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Data Sampling

Background and Aim: The virulence and antifungal resistance of Candida albicans are recently known for their ability to form biofilm. This research aimed to construct an in vivo model of C. albicans biofilm in Wistar rats' intestinal mucosa and study their mobilization while in a planktonic and biofilm formation. In this study, there was one treatment group that was treated with three antibiotics, immunosuppressants, and C. albicans. Materials and Methods: This study was divided into control and treatment groups. The data sampling was conducted after C. albicans inoculation. The C. albicans biofilm formation stage was monitored with colony-forming units method calculation every week post-inoculation and then observed by the confocal laser scanning microscope. Results: The planktonic C. albicans overgrowth occurred up to 14 days after inoculation. The formation and maturation of C. albicans biofilm in the intestinal mucosa started in the 28th and 35th-day post-inoculation, respectively. The density of planktonic C. albicans in the stool was dramatically decreased on the 35th day. Before the biofilm formation, the planktonic Candida was carried away by food scraps to be released as a stool. However, there were minuscule or no planktonic Candida observed in the stool during and after biofilm formation. Instead, they were attached to the caecum's mucosa as a biofilm. Conclusion: We have proved that the planktonic C. albicans with its mobile nature were carried into the stool along with the rest of the feed, as we observed a lot of C. albicans cells found in the stool. Meanwhile, on day 28 after administration of antibiotics and immunosuppressants, no C. albicans was found in the stool samples, and at the same time, we observed C. albicans cells and their matrix attached to the intestinal mucosa as a biofilm.

Establishment of an in vivo model for KCNJ5 dependent hyperaldosteronism

2015 ◽  
Vol 122 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
U Lichtenauer ◽  
PL Schmid ◽  
A Oßwald ◽  
I Renner-Müller ◽  
M Reincke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Vivo Model

An in vivo Model for the Assessment of Acute Fibrinolytic Capacity of the Endothelium

1997 ◽  
Vol 78 (04) ◽  
pp. 1242-1248 ◽  
Author(s):  
David E Newby ◽  
Robert A Wright ◽  
Christopher A Ludlam ◽  
Keith A A Fox ◽  
Nicholas A Boon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Substance P ◽  
Sodium Nitroprusside ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
In Vivo Model ◽  
Forearm Circulation ◽  
Von Willebrand ◽  
Local Release ◽  
Willebrand Factor

SummaryThe effects on blood flow and plasma fibrinolytic and coagulation parameters of intraarterial substance P, an endothelium dependent vasodilator, and sodium nitroprusside, a control endothelium independent vasodilator, were studied in the human forearm circulation. At subsystemic locally active doses, both substance P (2-8 pmol/min) and sodium nitroprusside (2-8 μg/min) caused dose-dependent vasodilatation (p <0.001 for both) without affecting plasma concentrations of PAI-1, von Willebrand factor antigen or factor VIII:C activity. Substance P caused local increases in t-PA antigen and activity (p <0.001) in the infused arm while sodium nitroprusside did not. At higher doses, substance P increased blood flow and t-PA concentrations in the noninfused arm. We conclude that brief, locally active and subsystemic infusions of intraarterial substance P cause a rapid and substantial local release of t-PA which appear to act via a flow and nitric oxide independent mechanism. This model should provide a useful and selective method of assessing the in vivo capacity of the forearm endothelium to release t-PA acutely.

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