scholarly journals Control of pyrethroid and DDT-resistant Anopheles gambiae by application of indoor residual spraying or mosquito nets treated with a long-lasting organophosphate insecticide, chlorpyrifos-methyl

2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raphael N'Guessan ◽  
Pelagie Boko ◽  
Abibathou Odjo ◽  
Joseph Chabi ◽  
Martin Akogbeto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anopheles Gambiae ◽  
Indoor Residual Spraying ◽  
Organophosphate Insecticide ◽  
Mosquito Nets

scholarly journals Insecticide resistance status of malaria vectors Anopheles gambiae (s.l.) of southwest Burkina Faso and residual efficacy of indoor residual spraying with microencapsulated pirimiphos-methyl insecticide

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dieudonné Diloma Soma ◽  
Barnabas Zogo ◽  
Domonbabele François de Sales Hien ◽  
Aristide Sawdetuo Hien ◽  
Didier Alexandre Kaboré ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Anopheles Gambiae ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Residual Activity ◽  
Indoor Residual Spraying ◽  
Susceptible Strain ◽  
Malaria Vectors ◽  
Pirimiphos Methyl ◽  
Residual Efficacy

Abstract Background The rapid spread of insecticide resistance in malaria vectors and the rebound in malaria cases observed recently in some endemic areas underscore the urgent need to evaluate and deploy new effective control interventions. A randomized control trial (RCT) was conducted with the aim to investigate the benefit of deploying complementary strategies, including indoor residual spraying (IRS) with pirimiphos-methyl in addition to long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) in Diébougou, southwest Burkina Faso. Methods We measured the susceptibility of the Anopheles gambiae (s.l.) population from Diébougou to conventional insecticides. We further monitored the efficacy and residual activity of pirimiphos-methyl on both cement and mud walls using a laboratory susceptible strain (Kisumu) and the local An. gambiae (s.l.) population. Results An. gambiae (s.l.) from Diébougou was resistant to DDT, pyrethroids (deltamethrin, permethrin and alphacypermethrin) and bendiocarb but showed susceptibility to organophosphates (pirimiphos-methyl and chlorpyrimiphos-methyl). A mixed-effect generalized linear model predicted that pirimiphos-methyl applied on cement or mud walls was effective for 210 days against the laboratory susceptible strain and 247 days against the local population. The residual efficacy of pirimiphos-methyl against the local population on walls made of mud was similar to that of cement (OR = 0.792, [0.55–1.12], Tukey’s test p-value = 0.19). Conclusions If data on malaria transmission and malaria cases (as measured trough the RCT) are consistent with data on residual activity of pirimiphos-methyl regardless of the type of wall, one round of IRS with pirimiphos-methyl would have the potential to control malaria in a context of multi-resistant An. gambiae (s.l.) for at least 7 months.

scholarly journals Human biting rhythm of Anopheles gambiae Giles, 1902 (Diptera: Culicidae) and sleeping behaviour of pregnant women in a lagoon area in Southern Benin

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Armel Djènontin ◽  
Aziz Bouraima ◽  
Christophe Soares ◽  
Seun Egbinola ◽  
Gilles Cottrell
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Anopheles Gambiae ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Allelic Frequency ◽  
Malaria Vectors ◽  
Mosquito Nets ◽  
Anopheles Gambiae Giles ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Southern Benin

Abstract Objective In the framework of EVALMOUS study aiming to assess the use and effectiveness of mosquito nets by pregnant women and other members of their household in a lagoon area in southern Benin, the behaviour of pregnant women relative to the time they go to bed using the net were recorded. Malaria vectors biting rhythm, Plasmodium falciparum infection and insecticide resistance genes in malaria vectors were also determined. Results Overall, 3848 females of Anopheles gambiae s. l were collected and 280 pregnant women responded to the survey. Almost all Anopheles gambiae s. l. tested were Anopheles coluzzi Coetzee and Wilkerson 2013 (Diptera: Culicidae). The CSP index in malaria vector was 1.85% and the allelic frequency of kdr gene was 74.4%. Around 90% of bites and Plasmodium falciparum Welch, 1897 (Haemosporida: Plasmodiidae) transmission occurred between 10 p.m. and 6 a.m., which coincides with the period when more than 80% of pregnant women were under bednet. Despite a slight early evening and early morning biting activity of malaria vectors in the study area, the good use of nets might remain a useful protection tool against mosquito biting and malaria transmission.

scholarly journals The Impact of 3 Years of Targeted Indoor Residual Spraying With Pirimiphos-Methyl on Malaria Parasite Prevalence in a High-Transmission Area of Northern Zambia

2019 ◽  
Vol 188 (12) ◽  
pp. 2120-2130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marisa A Hast ◽  
Mike Chaponda ◽  
Mbanga Muleba ◽  
Jean-Bertin Kabuya ◽  
James Lupiya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Malaria Transmission ◽  
Malaria Control ◽  
Malaria Parasite ◽  
Control Measure ◽  
Indoor Residual Spraying ◽  
Parasite Prevalence ◽  
Organophosphate Insecticide ◽  
Malaria Burden ◽  
Pirimiphos Methyl ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Malaria transmission in northern Zambia has increased in the past decade, despite malaria control activities. Evidence-based intervention strategies are needed to effectively reduce malaria transmission. Zambia’s National Malaria Control Centre conducted targeted indoor residual spraying (IRS) in Nchelenge District, Luapula Province, from 2014 to 2016 using the organophosphate insecticide pirimiphos-methyl. An evaluation of the IRS campaign was conducted by the Southern Africa International Centers of Excellence for Malaria Research using actively detected malaria cases in bimonthly household surveys carried out from April 2012 to July 2017. Changes in malaria parasite prevalence after IRS were assessed by season using Poisson regression models with robust standard errors, controlling for clustering of participants in households and demographic, geographical, and climatological covariates. In targeted areas, parasite prevalence declined approximately 25% during the rainy season following IRS with pirimiphos-methyl but did not decline during the dry season or in the overall study area. Within targeted areas, parasite prevalence declined in unsprayed households, suggesting both direct and indirect effects of IRS. The moderate decrease in parasite prevalence within sprayed areas indicates that IRS with pirimiphos-methyl is an effective malaria control measure, but a more comprehensive package of interventions is needed to effectively reduce the malaria burden in this setting.

scholarly journals Effect of bendiocarb based (Ficam® 80% WP) Indoor Residual Spraying on feeding patterns from malaria vectors in Burkina Faso, West Africa.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sawdetuo Aristide HIEN ◽  
Dieudonné Diloma Soma ◽  
Simon Pengwende Sawadogo ◽  
Serge Bèwadéyir Poda ◽  
Moussa Namountougou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Anopheles Gambiae ◽  
Malaria Transmission ◽  
Malaria Vector ◽  
Indoor Residual Spraying ◽  
Transmission Risk ◽  
Malaria Vectors ◽  
Anopheles Coluzzii ◽  
Transmission Season ◽  
Density Methods

Abstract Background The fight against vector is essential in malaria prevention strategies in several endemic countries in Africa. In Burkina Faso, malaria transmission is seasonal in most parts of country, so a single round of spraying should provide effective protection against malaria, provided the insecticide remains effective over the entire malaria transmission season. The outcomes of indoor residual spraying towards curtailing malaria transmission are firstly to decrease the life span of vector mosquitoes and also to reduce the malaria vectors density. Methods CDC light trap and early morning collections by pyrethrum spray catches were performed monthly to determine the change in malaria vector indices in sprayed (Diebougou) and unsprayed sites (Dano). The female’s malaria vectors collected by both methods were used to determine their blood feeding, biting and sporozoites rate and malaria transmission risk estimated by entomological inoculation rate. Results Anopheles gambiae complex composed to Anopheles gambiae, Anopheles coluzzii and Anopheles arabiensis were present throughout the transmission season, but An. gambiae was the predominant species collected (P =0.0005), comprising 88% of the total collected and the most infected species. Malaria vectors densities were significantly lower in sprayed villages (n=4,303) compared with unsprayed villages (n=12,569) during post-spraying period (P = 0.0012). In addition, mean human biting rate of An. gambiae sl and An . funestus ss were significantly lower in sprayed areas compared to unsprayed areas (P<0.05). Overall, malaria vector transmission risk was significant lower in villages which received IRS (P=0.0001) whatever the malaria vectors species ( An. gambiae sl and An. funestus ss). Conclusions The results showed that in the sprayed area (Diebougou), vector densities, human biting rates and malaria transmission risks were very lower than unsprayed areas (Dano). The findings also showed a change in vector behavior especially within An. funestus which became more zoophagic following IRS. The indoor residual spraying could be recommanded as control tool in areas where malaria transmission occured a given period of year.

scholarly journals Detection and quantification of Anopheles gambiae sensu lato mosquito larvae in experimental aquatic habitats using environmental DNA (eDNA).

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel Odero ◽  
Bruno Gomes ◽  
Ulrike Fillinger ◽  
David Weetman
Keyword(s):  
Anopheles Gambiae ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Larval Density ◽  
Indoor Residual Spraying ◽  
Environmental Dna ◽  
Malaria Vectors ◽  
Mosquito Larvae ◽  
Cyt B ◽  
Aquatic Habitats ◽  
Detection And Quantification

Background: Growing insecticide resistance and changes in biting and resting behavior of malaria vectors threaten efficacy of insecticide treated nets and indoor residual spraying. Larval source management (LSM) is a promising approach that can target mosquitoes irrespective of their behavior as adults. However, the use of traditional monitoring methods for immature stages of Anopheles mosquitoes is a major challenge to LSM due to the variability in their breeding habitats.  We evaluate the use of an environmental DNA (eDNA) analysis technique in monitoring Anopheles gambiae sensu lato larvae in experimental aquatic habitats. Methods: eDNA was simultaneously sampled and extracted from different volumes of water, number of larvae, and occupation time. Larval presence was detected using PCR and eDNA concentration in samples from 1 L habitats quantified using an IGS and cyt b TaqMan assays. The limit of detection of the two assays was tested and larval density correlated with eDNA positivity. Results: 74% of replicates in the 50 mL habitats were PCR positive with at least 6h required to get a signal from a single larva (0.02 larvae/mL). All 12 replicates where 1 L of water was used were positive with stronger PCR bands than replicates with the same larval density in 50 mL for 24 h. There was a correlation between larval densities and eDNA detection in both assays: IGS, r = 0.503, p = 0.047; and cyt b, r = 0.558, p = 0.025. There was stochasticity in eDNA detection rates, using both PCR and qPCR across all the dilutions. Conclusion: This study has demonstrated the potential use of eDNA analysis for detection and quantification of An. gambiae s.s. mosquito larvae in aquatic habitats. The stochasticity observed in eDNA detection suggest that this technique is best for monitoring aquatic habitats with many larvae at low densities.

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