scholarly journals Prevalence and correlates of HIV, syphilis, and hepatitis B and C infection and harm reduction program use among male injecting drug users in Kabul, Afghanistan: A cross-sectional assessment

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine S Todd ◽  
Abdul Nasir ◽  
M Stanekzai ◽  
Katja Fiekert ◽  
M Rasuli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Harm Reduction ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Injecting Drug Users ◽  
Harm Reduction Program ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Reduction Program

Mortality among a cohort of drug users after their release from prison: an evaluation of the effectiveness of a harm reduction program in Taiwan

Addiction ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 106 (8) ◽  
pp. 1437-1445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yen-Fang Huang ◽  
Hsu-Sung Kuo ◽  
Chin-Yin Lew-Ting ◽  
Fang Tian ◽  
Chin-Hui Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Harm Reduction ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Harm Reduction Program ◽  
Reduction Program ◽  
Release From Prison

Harm Reduction Program and Methadone Poisoning: Implications for Pediatric Public Health in Malaysia

2006 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 280-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zaheer-Ud-Din Babar ◽  
Nur Rashidah Mohd Zaini ◽  
Choon Wai Yee
Keyword(s):  
Harm Reduction ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Intravenous Drug User ◽  
Intravenous Drug ◽  
Harm Reduction Program ◽  
Accidental Ingestion ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Reduction Program ◽  
The Government

In Malaysia, because of an alarming increase in the number of intravenous drug users, the government has started a harm reduction program in which methadone is used as a drug substitution therapy. This article discusses a 19-month-old Malay girl who was brought to the hospital after an episode of accidental ingestion of methadone. The methadone was for her uncle, who was found to be an intravenous drug user. Although methadone has been proven to be cost-effective and useful, it has also been reported that increasing availability of methadone can put children at increased risk of accidental ingestion. In Malaysia, methadone is available at government as well as private medical clinics. Home consumption may be problematic as the drug may be dispensed without adequate patient education and clear instructions on its handling, storage, and indication of use. In this scenario, a greater emphasis on and the adaptation of clear guidelines on the use and storage of methadone are required. There is also a need to create awareness among the public as well as health care professionals regarding the issue.

Tideline and Turn: Possible Reasons for the Continuing Low HIV Prevalence among Glasgow's Injecting Drug Users

1994 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 738-757 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Bloor ◽  
Martin Frischer ◽  
Avril Taylor ◽  
Robert Covell ◽  
David Goldberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Users ◽  
Early Report ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Injecting Drug Users ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hiv Prevalence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Drug Injectors ◽  
Substantial Risk ◽  
Low Prevalence

This is an early report of data from an on-going, repeated, cross-sectional study of a community sample of Glasgow injecting drug users. Although HIV was first detected among Glasgow's drug injectors in 1985, data from the first two years of our annual samples (1990 and 1991) indicate that HIV prevalence continues to be low in this population, in the order of 1 or 2 per cent. Possible reasons for this apparent continuing low prevalence are examined. It is suggested that substantial risk reduction – reductions in injection equipment-sharing, reductions in numbers of sharing partners and restrictions in social circles of sharing partners – may have been sufficient reasons, in conjunction with limited contributions to near-stabilisation from the disproportionate attrition of the numerator population through death and cessation of injecting.

Prevalence and incidence of hepatitis C in injecting drug users attending genitourinary medicine clinics

2008 ◽  
Vol 137 (7) ◽  
pp. 980-987 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. BALOGUN ◽  
N. MURPHY ◽  
S. NUNN ◽  
A. GRANT ◽  
N. J. ANDREWS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Injecting Drug Users ◽  
Hcv Rna ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prevalence Studies ◽  
Genitourinary Medicine ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Type 3

SUMMARYSurveillance reports and prevalence studies have indicated that injecting drug users (IDUs) contribute more to the hepatitis C epidemic in the United Kingdom than any other risk group. Information on both the prevalence and incidence of hepatitis C in IDUs is therefore essential to understanding the epidemiology of this infection. The prevalence of hepatitis C in specimens from the Unlinked Anonymous Prevalence Monitoring Programme collected in 1995, 1996, 1998, 1999, 2000, and 2001 was determined using residual syphilis serology specimens from IDUs attending 15 genitourinary medicine (GUM) clinics in and outside London. These specimens were tested for antibodies to hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV). Using this cross-sectional design, anti-HCV-negative specimens were tested for HCV RNA to identify incident infections during the ‘window’ period of infection, and thus to estimate HCV incidence. Results of the multivariable analysis showed that there was marked variation in prevalence by clinic (P<0·0001) and age (P<0·0001). Overall the majority of infections were in males and the overall prevalence in injectors declined over the study period from 36·9% to 28·7%. The annual incidence in these injectors was estimated as being 3·01% (95% CI 1·25–6·73). Over the study period HCV incidence decreased by 1·2% per year. Genotyping of the incident infections identified the most common genotype as type 1 with type 3 being more frequently seen after 1998. Of the prevalent infections, genotype 1 was the most common. The study has confirmed a higher prevalence of anti-HCV in IDUs in the London area compared to those outside London. How representative of the current injecting drug user population are IDUs attending GUM clinics is unclear. Even so, such studies allow prevalence and incidence to be estimated in individuals who have ever injected drugs and inform ongoing public health surveillance.

HIV Prevalence and Frequency of Risk Behavior in Injecting Drug Users Entering Treatment and Out of Treatment: A Cross-Sectional Study in Five Italian Cities

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 527-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Rezza ◽  
Stefania Salmaso ◽  
Damiano Abeni ◽  
Giovanna Brancato ◽  
Alessandra Anemona ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Behavior ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Injecting Drug Users ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hiv Prevalence ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Outreach Programs ◽  
Male To Female

We conducted a study to describe current patterns of drug-related behaviors, and to identify characteristics that may distinguish injecting drug users entering treatment from those out of treatment, in five Italian cities. Overall, 1,180 subjects were recruited — 568 entering treatment and 612 out of treatment. Male to female ratio was 6.6:1. The median age was similar in the two groups. A high proportion of injecting drug users recruited out of treatment had been in treatment at least once. HIV prevalence among injecting drug users entering treatment was not higher than that of those who were out of treatment. Furthermore, a large proportion of injecting drug users who still were out of treatment reported having adopted safe behaviors. The results of the study emphasize the need to implement outreach programs aimed at harm reduction.

scholarly journals Prevalence of HIV, hepatitis B and hepatitis C and associated risk behaviours amongst injecting drug users in three Afghan cities

2011 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Nasir ◽  
Catherine S. Todd ◽  
M. Raza Stanekzai ◽  
Christian T. Bautista ◽  
Boulos A. Botros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Injecting Drug Users ◽  
Risk Behaviours
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