scholarly journals Using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to assess the role of the built environment in influencing obesity: a glossary

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukar E Thornton ◽  
Jamie R Pearce ◽  
Anne M Kavanagh
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Geographic Information Systems ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Geographic Information

Validation of the Neighborhood Environment Walkability Scale (NEWS) Items Using Geographic Information Systems

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (s1) ◽  
pp. S113-S123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc A. Adams ◽  
Sherry Ryan ◽  
Jacqueline Kerr ◽  
James F. Sallis ◽  
Kevin Patrick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Information Systems ◽  
Geographic Information Systems ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Concurrent Validity ◽  
Geographic Information ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Neighborhood Environment ◽  
Objective Measures

Background:Concurrent validity of Neighborhood Environment Walkability Scale (NEWS) items was evaluated with objective measures of the built environment using geographic information systems (GIS).Methods:A sample of 878 parents of children 10 to 16 years old (mean age 43.5 years, SD = 6.8, 34.8% non-White, 63.8% overweight) completed NEWS and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. GIS was used to develop 1-mile street network buffers around participants’ residences. GIS measures of the built environment within participants’ buffers included percent of commercial and institutional land uses; number of schools and colleges, recreational facilities, parks, transit stops, and trees; land topography; and traffic congestion.Results:Except for trees and traffic, concordance between the NEWS and GIS measures were significant, with weak to moderate effect sizes (r = −0.09 to −0.36, all P ≤ 01). After participants were stratified by physical activity level, stronger concordance was observed among active participants for some measures. A sensitivity analysis of self-reported distance to 15 neighborhood destinations found a 20-minute (compared with 10- or 30-minute) walking threshold generally had the strongest correlations with GIS measures.Conclusions:These findings provide evidence of the concurrent validity of self-reported built environment items with objective measures. Physically active adults may be more knowledgeable about their neighborhood characteristics.

ORISS

2005 ◽  
pp. 260-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Giesecke ◽  
Gerriet Reents
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Geographic Information Systems ◽  
Geographic Information ◽  
Traditional Methods ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Internet Technologies ◽  
Project Group ◽  
The University ◽  
The Web

In this chapter, we present the Web-based carpooling system ORISS, which was initially developed by a student project group at University of Oldenburg. It is currently being deployed at Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg with support of the DBU (Federal German Foundation for the Environment). We describe the role of carpools in traffic, particularly in commuter traffic, and show perspectives of an increased usage of carpools. A significant impact on the eco-balance of the university can be expected. We explain how Internet technologies and geographic information systems can be used for the arrangement of carpools, and show advantages over traditional methods of carpooling. The concrete architecture of ORISS and the algorithms used are outlined. We conclude the chapter by describing the circumstances of deployment and propose possible future extensions of the system.

Role of Geographic Information Systems in Regional Transportation Planning

1996 ◽  
Vol 1518 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
John C. Sutton
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Geographic Information Systems ◽  
Data Integration ◽  
Transportation Planning ◽  
Geographic Information ◽  
Transportation Modeling ◽  
Clean Air ◽  
Traffic Impacts ◽  
State Programs

Geographic information systems (GISs) are becoming more widely used in transportation planning agencies, especially among metropolitan transportation organizations. The extension of GIS into transportation (GIS-T) is driven largely by the requirements of the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (ISTEA), the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990, and legislation by states that mandate the development of transportation programs to reduce traffic impacts. Traditionally, transportation modeling of traffic impacts, calculation of vehicle emissions, and consideration of wider transportation planning effects, including transit, have employed different modeling techniques, often in different agencies or in separate sections within an agency. The results from these modeling and planning exercises have more often than not been displayed on different map bases, using different graphic programs to represent the data. The requirements of federal and state programs are encouraging modelers and planners to consider more consistent methods of data integration and display, hence the growing interest in GIS-T. The role of GIS-T in regional transportation planning is evaluated, including data integration issues, the configuration of transportation networks for use with GIS, and the linkage of transportation models to GIS.

scholarly journals The Role of Geographic Information Systems in Reducing Flood Risk in the BetLahem Governorate: دور نظم المعلومات الجغرافية GIS في الحد من مخاطر السيول في محافظة بيت لحم

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Islam R. A. salha, Mohammed M. El-Mougher, Mohamed R. El-Agh
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Geographic Information Systems ◽  
Database System ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Geographic Information ◽  
National Information ◽  
Information Bank ◽  
Support Decision Making ◽  
Flood Prone Areas

The study aimed at extracting the valley and streamsnetwork using GIS in Bethlehem governorate and assessing the risks of floods and the most flood prone areas in the governorate in order to forecast and reduce the disaster risk related to the flood. With a description of the role of GIS in the work of hydrological analysis in order to benefit from the flood waters by identifying the optimal areas for the collection of flood waters. It showed the extraction of the map of the water streamsnetwork and the identification of river basins using GIS , and the ability of geographic information systems to assess liquidity risks, as well as the production of accurate and illustrative maps showing hazard locations, was demonstrated. And reviewed the role of GIS in the industry of opportunity and reduce the risk of disaster Through the use of floods and identify the best areas proposed for the collection of rainwater and then work on storage. It recommends the establishment of a national information bank, which will be responsible for each part of the information, to create a spatial database system that contains comprehensive maps in all areas within common standards, which will assist in disaster management and support decision-making in times of crisis and disaster using GIS.      

OPTIMIZATION OF TICK-BORN DISEASES OF EPIZOOTOLOGICAL MONITORING SYSTEM

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-87
Author(s):  
V. V. Belimenko ◽  
◽  
A. M. Gulyukin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Geographic Information Systems ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Geographic Information ◽  
Information Flows ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Modern Methods ◽  
Consequences Of Disease ◽  
Operational Data

The article presents an overview of information flows within Tick-born diseases epizootological monitoring. The role of the science-based approach and geographic information systems in the epizootological monitoring of infectious animal diseases is noted. For effective risk-based epizootological monitoring, it is necessary to centralize information flows and exchange operational data in real time and coordinate actions between different agencies to reduce or prevent the negative consequences of disease outbreaks, taking into account modern methods of risk assessment, management and audit. An important aspect is the creation of specialized epizootological databases with integration of geographic information systems.

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