Design, baseline characteristics, and retention of African American light smokers into a randomized trial involving biological data

PURPOSE this paper describes a clinic and community-based diabetes intervention program designed to improve dietary, physical activity, and self-care behaviors of older African American women with type 2 diabetes. It also describes the study to evaluate this program and baseline characteristics of participants. METHODS The New Leaf... Choices for Healthy Living With Diabetes program consists of 4 clinic-based health counselor visits, a community intervention with 12 monthly phone calls from peer counselors, and 3 group sessions. A randomized, controlled trial to evaluate the effectiveness of this intervention is described. RESULTS Seventeen focus groups of African American women were used to assessed the cultural relevance/acceptability of the intervention and measurement instruments. For the randomized trial, 200 African American women with type 2 diabetes were recruited from 7 practices in central North Carolina. Mean age was 59, mean diabetes duration was 10 years, and participants were markedly overweight and physically inactive. CONCLUSIONS Participants found this program to be culturally relevant and acceptable. Its effects on diet, physical activity, and self-care behaviors will be assessed in a randomized trial.

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Abstract TP26: Endovascular Therapy and Outcomes in a Large Biracial Cohort of Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke

Stroke ◽

10.1161/str.48.suppl_1.tp26 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 48 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Leticia C Rebello ◽

Aaron Anderson ◽

Diogo C Haussen ◽

Samir R Belagaje ◽

Jonathan A Grossberg ◽

...

Keyword(s):

African American ◽

Ischemic Stroke ◽

Acute Ischemic Stroke ◽

Endovascular Therapy ◽

Ethnic Disparities ◽

Stroke Outcomes ◽

Good Outcome ◽

Caucasian Patients ◽

Baseline Characteristics ◽

The Impact

Background: The ethnic disparities in stroke outcomes have been well described. Stroke is twice more common and leads to higher mortality rates among blacks as compared to whites. We compared the outcomes of patients undergoing endovascular stroke therapy (ET) in a high-volume center according to their racial profile after age adjustment. Methods: Retrospective analysis of a prospectively collected ET database between September/2010-September/2015. The baseline characteristics of African-American vs. Caucasian patients were compared. Given the impact of age on stroke outcomes additional analyses were performed dichotomizing patients using the median age of the overall cohort. Primary and secondary efficacy outcomes included the rates of good outcome (90-day mRS 0-2) and successful reperfusion (mTICI 2b-3), respectively. Safety outcome was accessed by rates of any parenchymal hematoma (PH-1 and PH-2) and 90-day mortality. Results: 781 patients fit the inclusion criteria and were included in the analysis; 440 were included in the Caucasian group (56% overall cohort) and 341 in the African-American group (44%). Caucasian patients were significantly older (69±13 vs. 60±14 years-old, p<0.01) but the remaining baseline characteristics were otherwise well-balanced. This included similar baseline CT perfusion core volumes (rCBF<30%, 17.6 ± 20.8 vs. 17.9 ± 32.8; p=0.93). There were no differences in the rates successful reperfusion (mTICI 2b-3: 83% vs. 85%, p=0.37), any PH (8% vs. 5%, p=0.26), or final infarct volume (32 IQR 12-89 vs. 25 IQR 9-67; p=0.12) across the two groups. In the overall cohort, there was a lower proportion of 90-day good outcome (39% vs. 49%; p<0.01) and higher 90-day mortality (32% vs. 16%; p<0.01) among Caucasians presumably due to their older age. Subgroup analysis of patients 65 years-old or younger showed similar rates of 90-day good outcomes (59% vs. 53%; p=0.33) and mortality (17% vs. 12%; p=0.22) across Caucasian and African-American patients. Conclusion: Aggressive treatment of acute ischemic stroke with endovascular therapy leads to similar outcomes across African-American and Caucasian patients. Greater availability of ET may diminish the ethnic/racial disparities in stroke outcomes.

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A Cluster Randomized Trial of a Community-Based Intervention Among African-American Adults: Effects on Dietary and Physical Activity Outcomes

Prevention Science ◽

10.1007/s11121-019-01067-5 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (3) ◽

pp. 344-354

Author(s):

Leah Frerichs ◽

Kiana Bess ◽

Tiffany L. Young ◽

Stephanie M. Hoover ◽

Larissa Calancie ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

African American ◽

Randomized Trial ◽

Cluster Randomized Trial ◽

Community Based ◽

African American Adults ◽

Cluster Randomized

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A Randomized Trial Comparing Short versus Prolonged Hemostasis with Rescue Recanalization by Ipsilateral Ulnar Artery Compression: Impact on Radial Artery Occlusion—The RESCUE-RAO Trial

Journal of Interventional Cardiology ◽

10.1155/2020/7928961 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Dmitrii V. Ognerubov ◽

Alexander Sedaghat ◽

Sergey I. Provatorov ◽

Andrey S. Tereshchenko ◽

Olivier F. Bertrand ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Coronary Angiography ◽

Randomized Trial ◽

Hospital Discharge ◽

Radial Artery ◽

Ulnar Artery ◽

Artery Occlusion ◽

Puncture Site ◽

Coronary Procedures ◽

Baseline Characteristics ◽

Radial Artery Occlusion

Background. Despite the enormous benefits of radial access, this route is associated with a risk of radial artery occlusion (RAO). Objective. We compared the incidence of RAO in patients undergoing transradial coronary angiography and intervention after short versus prolonged hemostasis protocol. Also we assessed the efficacy of rescue 1-hour ipsilateral ulnar artery compression if RAO was observed after hemostasis. Material and Methods. Patients referred for elective transradial coronary procedures were eligible. After 6 F radial sheath removal, patients were randomized to short (3 hours) (n = 495) or prolonged (8 hours) (n = 503) hemostasis and a simple bandage was placed over the puncture site. After hemostasis was completed, oximetry plethysmography was used to assess the patency of the radial artery. Results. One thousand patients were randomized. Baseline characteristics were similar between both groups with average age 61.4 ± 9.4 years (71% male) and PCI performed on half of the patients. The RAO rate immediately after hemostasis was 3.2% in the short hemostasis group and 10.1% in the prolonged group ( p < 0.001 ). Rescue recanalization was successful only in the short group in 56.2% (11/19); at hospital discharge, RAO rates were 1.4% in the short group and 10.1% in the prolonged group ( p < 0.001 ). Conclusion. Shorter hemostasis was associated with significantly less RAO compared to prolonged hemostasis. Rescue radial artery recanalization was effective in > 50%, but only in the short hemostasis group.

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