scholarly journals Insulin and risk of diabetic retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: data from a meta-analysis of seven cohort studies

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun Zhao ◽  
Weifang Wang ◽  
Ding Xu ◽  
Hui Li ◽  
Min Li ◽  
...  
Oncotarget ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (33) ◽  
pp. 55622-55631 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue-Liang Zhou ◽  
Wen-Hua Xue ◽  
Xian-Fei Ding ◽  
Li-Feng Li ◽  
Meng-Meng Dou ◽  
...  

2014 ◽  
Vol 171 (5) ◽  
pp. R173-R182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Wang ◽  
Donghua Xu ◽  
Zhaohai Jing ◽  
Dawei Liu ◽  
Shengli Yan ◽  
...  

ObjectiveTo assess the effect of long-term exposure to air pollution on type 2 diabetes risk, a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies was performed.MethodsLiterature search was conducted with Pubmed, Embase, and Web of Science for prospective cohort studies investigating the association of type 2 diabetes risk with increments in particulate matter (PM, diameter <2.5 μm (PM2.5) or <10 μm (PM10)) or nitrogen dioxide (NO2). We used a random-effects model to calculate the overall relative risk (RR) with 95% CI.ResultsOf 808 identified articles, ten cohort studies were finally included, which involved a total of 2 371 907 participants and 21 095 incident cases of type 2 diabetes. Elevated risk of type 2 diabetes was significantly associated with long-term exposures to high levels of PM2.5 (RR=1.28, 95% CI 1.06–1.55,P=0.009,I2=83.5%), PM10 (RR=1.15, 95% CI 1.02–1.30,P=0.022,I2=0%), and NO2(RR=1.12, 95% CI 1.02–1.23,P=0.015,I2=63.5%). When using standardized risk estimates, the RRs of type 2 diabetes were significant for increments in concentrations of PM2.5 (1.39 per 10 μg/m3increment, 95% CI 1.14–1.68,P=0.001), PM10 (1.34 per 10 μg/m3increment, 95% CI 1.22–1.47,P<0.001), and NO2(1.11 per 10 μg/m3increment, 95% CI 1.07–1.16,P<0.001). No obvious evidence of publication bias was observed.ConclusionLong-term exposure to high levels of main air pollutants is significantly associated with elevated risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus.


2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 230-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Maghsoudi ◽  
Reza Ghiasvand ◽  
Amin Salehi-Abargouei

AbstractObjectiveTo systematically review prospective cohort studies about the association between dietary patterns and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) incidence, and to quantify the effects using a meta-analysis.DesignDatabases such as PubMed, ISI Web of Science, SCOPUS and Google Scholar were searched up to 15 January 2015. Cohort studies which tried to examine the association between empirically derived dietary patterns and incident T2DM were selected. The relative risks (RR) and their 95 % confidence intervals for diabetes among participants with highest v. lowest adherence to derived dietary patterns were incorporated into meta-analysis using random-effects models.ResultsTen studies (n 404 528) were enrolled in the systematic review and meta-analysis; our analysis revealed that adherence to the ‘healthy’ dietary patterns significantly reduced the risk of T2DM (RR=0·86; 95 % CI 0·82, 0·90), while the ‘unhealthy’ dietary patterns adversely affected diabetes risk (RR=1·30; 95 % CI 1·18, 1·43). Subgroup analysis showed that unhealthy dietary patterns in which foods with high phytochemical content were also loaded did not significantly increase T2DM risk (RR=1·06; 95 % CI 0·87, 1·30).Conclusions‘Healthy’ dietary patterns containing vegetables, fruits and whole grains can lower diabetes risk by 14 %. Consuming higher amounts of red and processed meats, high-fat dairy and refined grains in the context of ‘unhealthy’ dietary patterns will increase diabetes risk by 30 %; while including foods with high phytochemical content in these patterns can modify this effect.


2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 565
Author(s):  
Ronald Pratama Adiwinoto ◽  
Robert Dwitama Adiwinoto ◽  
Jongky Hendro Prajitno

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the major cause of visual impairment in the working-age population with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Magnesium (Mg) is involved in various metabolic processes and in experimental animal studies; Mg has shown essential roles in physiological eye function. Magnesium deficiency is common in T2DM; therefore we analyzed the association between serum Mg status and the presence of DR in T2DM patients. Systematic literature searching in several databases, from 1988 to September 2020, was performed using search terms: “serum magnesium” or “hypomagnesemia” and “diabetic retinopathy” or “retinopathy”. A total of 3,227 patients from 17 studies were included in this meta-analysis. Hypomagnesemia was associated with increased risk of developing DR (OR 4.52 [2.08, 9.81], p=0.0001) in T2DM patients. Serum Mg levels also lower in patients with DR than those without DR (MD –0.30 mg/dL [–0.44, –0.15], p&lt;0.0001). Additionally, serum Mg levels were lower in patients with proliferative DR (PDR) than those with non-proliferative DR (NPDR) (MD-0.21 mg/dL [–0.34, –0.09], p=0.0009). Leave-one-out sensitivity analysis did not change the overall effect. Hypomagnesemia or low serum Mg levels in T2DM patients increased the risk of developing DR.


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