scholarly journals Unintended consequences of cigarette price changes for alcohol drinking behaviors across age groups: evidence from pooled cross sections

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah L McLellan ◽  
Dominic Hodgkin ◽  
Pebbles Fagan ◽  
Sharon Reif ◽  
Constance M Horgan
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Alcohol Drinking ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
Cigarette Price ◽  
Price Changes ◽  
Drinking Behaviors

The impact of a time target on older patients attending the emergency department

2010 ◽  
Vol 27 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. A2.1-A2
Author(s):  
Sue Mason
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Older Patients ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
Older Patient ◽  
Younger Patients ◽  
Patient Level ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
The Impact

IntroductionThe 4 h emergency standard for English acute trusts was introduced in 2003 and became full established by 2008 at 98% for all Emergency Department (ED) patients to be seen and discharged. This study examined the impact of the target for older patients attending departments.MethodsRoutine patient level data was received from 15 English EDs representing 774 095 individual patient attendances during May and June for 2003 to 2006. The data were used to determine the distribution of the total time spent in the EDs. Attendances were compared for older patients (65 years and above) with younger age groups.ResultsA total of 145 596 attendances were for patients aged 65+ years (18.9%). Across each year analysed, these older patients have a significantly longer median total time in the ED than those younger than 65 years (162 min vs 103 min, p<0.001). In addition, older patients are significantly more likely to leave the emergency department in the last 20 min prior to 4 h (12.4% vs 5.2% in those <65 years, p<0.001). This proportion is growing year on year in both the admitted and discharged categories of patients. Finally, older patients are significantly more likely to breach the 4-h than their younger counterparts (16.6% vs 6.3%, p<0.001).ConclusionsThere are some unintended consequences of introducing the 4 h target in UK emergency departments. While the target has reduced overall time in departments, the older patient appears to be disadvantaged relative to younger patients. Older patients are more likely to be ‘rushed through’ to other unmonitored areas of the hospital just prior to the target or to breach the target altogether. This finding calls in to question the benefits that the target is conveying for individual patients, and especially the most vulnerable in society.

scholarly journals Bidirectional Control of Alcohol-drinking Behaviors Through Locus Coeruleus Optoactivation

Neuroscience ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 443 ◽  
pp. 84-92
Author(s):  
Alex L. Deal ◽  
Caroline E. Bass ◽  
Valentina P. Grinevich ◽  
Osvaldo Delbono ◽  
Keith D. Bonin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Locus Coeruleus ◽  
Alcohol Drinking ◽  
Drinking Behaviors

scholarly journals Economic Activity and the Spread of Viral Diseases: Evidence from High Frequency Data *

2016 ◽  
Vol 131 (2) ◽  
pp. 891-941 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jérôme Adda
Keyword(s):  
Public Transportation ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Transportation Networks ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
High Frequency Data ◽  
Viral Diseases ◽  
Frequency Data

Abstract Viruses are a major threat to human health, and—given that they spread through social interactions—represent a costly externality. This article addresses three main questions: (i) what are the unintended consequences of economic activity on the spread of infections; (ii) how efficient are measures that limit interpersonal contacts; (iii) how do we allocate our scarce resources to limit the spread of infections? To answer these questions, we use novel high frequency data from France on the incidence of a number of viral diseases across space, for different age groups, over a quarter of a century. We use quasi-experimental variation to evaluate the importance of policies reducing interpersonal contacts such as school closures or the closure of public transportation networks. While these policies significantly reduce disease prevalence, we find that they are not cost-effective. We find that expansions of transportation networks have significant health costs in increasing the spread of viruses, and that propagation rates are pro-cyclically sensitive to economic conditions and increase with inter-regional trade.

852. Potential Role of Amygdaloid Histone DNA Methylation Mechanisms in Anxiety and Alcohol Drinking Behaviors

2017 ◽  
Vol 81 (10) ◽  
pp. S345
Author(s):  
Tiffani Berkel ◽  
Huaibo Zhang ◽  
Evan Kyzar ◽  
Tara Teppen ◽  
Harish Krishnan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Alcohol Drinking ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Drinking Behaviors

scholarly journals Testing soft tissue radiodensity parameters interplay with age and self-reported physical activity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Recenti ◽  
Carlo Ricciardi ◽  
Kyle Edmunds ◽  
Deborah Jacob ◽  
Monica Gambacorta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Image Features ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Connective Tissues ◽  
Relationship Of

Aging well is directly associated to a healthy lifestyle. The focus of this paper is to relate individual wellness with medical image features. Non-linear trimodal regression analysis (NTRA) is a novel method that models the radiodensitometric distributions of x-ray computed tomography (CT) cross-sections. It generates 11 patient-specific parameters that describe the quality and quantity of muscle, fat, and connective tissues. In this research, the relationship of these 11 NTRA parameters with age, physical activity, and lifestyle is investigated in the 3,157 elderly volunteers AGES-I dataset. First, univariate statistical analyses were performed, and subjects were grouped by age and self-reported past (youth–midlife) and present (within 12 months of the survey) physical activity to ascertain which parameters were the most influential. Then, machine learning (ML) analyses were conducted to classify patients using NTRA parameters as input features for three ML algorithms. ML is also used to classify a Lifestyle index using the age groups. This classification analysis yielded robust results with the lifestyle index underlying the relevant differences of the soft tissues between age groups, especially in fat and connective tissue. Univariate statistical models suggested that NTRA parameters may be susceptible to age and differences between past and present physical activity levels. Moreover, for both age and physical activity, lean muscle parameters expressed more significant variation than fat and connective tissues.

scholarly journals Association between tobacco control policies and hospital admissions for acute myocardial infarction in Thailand, 2006-2017: A time series analysis

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0242570
Author(s):  
Roengrudee Patanavanich ◽  
Stanton A. Glantz
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cigarette Price ◽  
Tobacco Control Policies ◽  
Cigarette Tax ◽  
Icd 10

Introduction Studies in many countries have documented reductions of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) hospitalizations with smokefree policies. However, evidence on the association of cigarette tax with AMI events is unclear. There have been no studies of the associations between these two policies and AMI hospitalizations in Thailand. Methods We used negative binomial time series analyses of AMI hospitalizations (ICD-10 codes I21.0-I21.9), stratified by sex and age groups, from October 2006 to September 2017 to determine whether there was a change in AMI hospitalizations as a result of the changes in cigarette prices and the implementation of a 100% smokefree law. Results Cigarette price increases were associated with a significant 4.7% drop in AMI hospitalizations among adults younger than 45 (incidence rate ratio [IRR], 0.953; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.914–0.993; p = 0.021). Implementation of the 100% smokefree law was followed by a significant 13.1% drop in AMI hospitalizations among adults younger than 45 (IRR, 0.869; 95% CI, 0.801–0.993; P = 0.001). There were not significant associations in older age groups. Conclusions The Thai cigarette tax policy and the smokefree law were associated with reduced AMI hospitalizations among younger adults. To improve effectiveness of the policies, taxes should be high enough to increase cigarette price above inflation rates, making cigarettes less likely to be purchased; smokefree laws should be strictly enforced.

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