Variations with Breed, Age, Season, Yield, Stage of Lactation and Herd in the Concentration of Urea in Bulk Milk and Individual Cow’s Milk

An examination of the fat-globule size distribution pattern has been made throughout the lactation for one quarter of one cow, samples being taken at different stages in the milking process using a normal milking machine with sampling device attached.

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Variation of freezing point of cow's milk free from extraneous water during lactation

BSAP Occasional Publication ◽

10.1017/s1463981500040784 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 25 ◽

pp. 165-168

Author(s):

B.A. Slaghuis ◽

G.H. Klungel

Keyword(s):

Milk Yield ◽

Freezing Point ◽

Bovine Milk ◽

Cow’S Milk ◽

Cow's Milk ◽

Freezing Points ◽

Stage Of Lactation ◽

Lactation Curve ◽

One Year ◽

Morning Milk

AbstractThe freezing point of bovine milk is known to vary between narrow limits. However, some variation is possible, because of the osmotic relationship between blood and milk. The extent of variation in freezing points of cow's milk was studied. For one year, freezing points were determined in individual milk samples from a high producing herd. Differences (P<0.05) were found between evening and morning milk yield and freezing points. A ‘lactation curve’ for freezing points was fitted and showed some similarity with milk yield curves. Stage of lactation explained part of the variation of freezing points of cow's milk.

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Hypoglycin A in Cow’s Milk—A Pilot Study

Toxins ◽

10.3390/toxins13060381 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (6) ◽

pp. 381

Author(s):

Mandy Bochnia ◽

Jörg Ziegler ◽

Maren Glatter ◽

Annette Zeyner

Keyword(s):

Safety Assessment ◽

Raw Milk ◽

Cow’S Milk ◽

Cow's Milk ◽

Milk Samples ◽

Filling Station ◽

Bulk Milk ◽

Sycamore Maple ◽

Carry Over ◽

The Individual

Hypoglycin A (HGA) originating from soapberry fruits (litchi, and ackee) seeds or seedlings from the sycamore maple (SM) tree (related to Sapindaceae) may cause Jamaican vomiting sickness in humans and atypical myopathy in horses and ruminants. A possible transfer into dairy cow’s milk cannot be ruled out since the literature has revealed HGA in the milk of mares and in the offal of captured deer following HGA intoxication. From a study, carried out for another purpose, bulk raw milk samples from four randomly selected dairy farms were available. The cows were pastured in the daytime. A sycamore maple tree was found on the pasture of farm No. 1 only. Bulk milk from the individual tank or milk filling station was sampled in parallels and analyzed for HGA by LC-ESI-MS/MS. Measurable concentrations of HGA occurred only in milk from farm No. 1 and amounted to 120 and 489 nmol/L. Despite low and very variable HGA concentrations, the results indicate that the ingested toxin, once eaten, is transferred into the milk. However, it is unknown how much HGA the individual cow ingested during grazing and what amount was transferred into the bulk milk samples. As a prerequisite for a possible future safety assessment, carry-over studies are needed. Furthermore, the toxins’ stability during milk processing should also be investigated as well.

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The Stage of Lactation as a Factor in the Variation of the Per Cent of Fat in Cow's Milk

Journal of Dairy Science ◽

10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(22)94130-x ◽

1922 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 22-26 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Arthur C. Ragsdale ◽

Charles W. Turner

Keyword(s):

Cow’S Milk ◽

Cow's Milk ◽

Stage Of Lactation

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A Comparison of Different Methodologies for the Measurement of Extracellular Vesicles and Milk-derived Particles in Raw Milk from Cows

Biomarker Insights ◽

10.4137/bmi.s38438 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

pp. BMI.S38438

Author(s):

Geoff Pollott ◽

Amanda Brito ◽

Christopher Gardiner ◽

Charlotte Lawson

Keyword(s):

Extracellular Vesicles ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Raw Milk ◽

Submicron Particles ◽

Cow’S Milk ◽

Mammary Tissue ◽

Multicenter Studies ◽

Agricultural Industry ◽

Cow's Milk ◽

Stage Of Lactation

Cow's milk is economically important to the agricultural industry with the nutritive value of milk being routinely measured. This does not give full insight into normal mammary tissue turnover during the course of lactation, which could be important for both an understanding of milk production and animal welfare. We have previously demonstrated that submicron particles, including extracellular vesicles (EVs), can be measured in unprocessed cow's milk by flow cytometry and that they correlate with stage of lactation. A number of different techniques are available to measure EVs and other milk-derived particles. The purpose of this study was to compare two different methodologies and the value of fluorescent staining for the phospholipid phosphatidylserine (PS), which is exposed on the surface of EVs (but not other milk-derived particles). We used two different flow cytometers and nanotracker analysis to detect milk-derived particles in whole and skimmed milk samples. Our findings indicate significant correlation, after staining for PS, suggesting potential for larger multicenter studies in the future.

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Evaluation of Microbiological and Compositional Quality of Raw Cow’s Milk (Household and Bulk) in Lankapura, Polonnaruwa, Sri Lanka

European Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences ◽

10.24018/ejfood.2021.3.1.249 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 166-175

Author(s):

G. D. D. K. Gunasena ◽

B. A. M. P. Siriwardhana

Keyword(s):

Milk Production ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Milk Quality ◽

Cow’S Milk ◽

Small Scale ◽

Cow's Milk ◽

Milk Samples ◽

Bulk Milk ◽

Compositional Quality

Purpose: At present, in Lankapura, there is a tremendous development in dairy sector. But milk quality issues were raised by the milk consumers and producers who collected milk from Lankapura. Although, measures have been taken to increase the milk production, the quality of milk has not been thoroughly evaluated in area. Research methodology: This study was carried out to evaluate the microbiological, compositional quality of cow’s milk collected from small scale farmers (25) and bulk milk tanks (25 samples) in the study area and to collect data about knowledge of farmers on clean milk production practices. Findings: According to the study, acidity, and average level of bacterial count of household milk production were 0.229±0.029%, 6.193±0.311 log10 CFU/ml respectively and for bulk milk production were 0.294± 0.020%, 6.6427±0.322 log10 CFU/ml respectively. The mean percentage of specific gravity, protein, fat, lactose and SNF for bulk milk samples were 1.029g/ml, 2.740%±0.0866, 4.120%±0.8065, 4.040%±0.1581, 7.6476%±0.34219 respectively and for household’s milk samples were 1.028g/ml, 2.792% ±0.1706, 4.360%±0.7314, 4.032%±0.1973, 7.5716%±0.33726 respectively. When considering management practices of farmers, only 38% farmers cleaned the milking place. Only 28% of farmers maintained proper records. The results indicated that microbiological and compositional quality (except milk fat) were not in acceptable level for both household and bulk milk samples. For microbiological quality, there was a high statistical significance of bulk milk samples than the households. Limitations: The quality of the milk was poor due to unhygienic practices and poor knowledge. Sample numbers were limited in this study, due to limited time period for this study. Larger individual coliform count could not be conducted due to limited manpower and laboratory resources. Originality/ value: As long term solutions such as farmer education programmes, incentive based milk quality systems can be recommended.

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Production of toxic shock syndrome toxin by Staphylococcus aureus isolated from mastitic cow's milk and farm bulk milk

Veterinary Microbiology ◽

10.1016/s0378-1135(96)01253-9 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 59 (4) ◽

pp. 251-258 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Shotaro Takeuchi ◽

Keiko Ishiguro ◽

Mitsuhiro Ikegami ◽

Toshio Kaidoh ◽

Yuji Hayakawa

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Toxic Shock Syndrome ◽

Cow’S Milk ◽

Toxic Shock ◽

Cow's Milk ◽

Bulk Milk ◽

Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin

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Increasing the value of raw bulk milk quality based on mammary glands as production units vs. the udder in dairy cows with mastitis

10.1101/567271 ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Gabriel Leitner ◽

Yaniv Lavon ◽

Uzi Merin ◽

Shamay Jacoby ◽

Shlomo E. Blum ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Milk Yield ◽

Cow Milk ◽

Cow’S Milk ◽

Streptococcus Dysgalactiae ◽

Clotting Time ◽

Cow's Milk ◽

Bulk Milk ◽

Whole Milk ◽

Raw Bulk Milk ◽

Lower Magnitude

AbstractThe current study measured the influence of milk of subclinically infected glands by different bacteria species on the cow’s milk and suggests different parameters for milk payment. The effects of bacterial infection or inflammation on gland milk yield were related to the bacteria species that caused the infection. The volume of milk of the inflamed gland from the cow’s milk yield was significantly lower (P<0.001) for the glands previously infected byEscherichia coli(PIEc) and those infected withStreptococcus dysgalactiae.Coagulation properties, rennet clotting time (RCT) and curd firmness (CF) also depended on the bacteria causing the infection. RCT values of all the inflamed glands were significantly longer (P<0.001) and CF values were significantly lower than that of the healthy ones. Moreover, in the whole milk, CF was also significantly lower and not proportional to the volume of the milk from the inflamed gland of the cow’s milk. Calculating the predicted 40% dry matter curd weight (PCW) on the cow level, including the healthy and inflamed glands or the healthy glands alone, found that for 9 of 13 PIEc cows, the presence of the affected gland’s milk in the whole cow milk resulted in a negative PCW value. Likewise, 5 of 20 cows infected byS. dysgalactiaehad negative delta values. Unlike the latter bacteria, PCW from milk of glands infected with CNS increased, although in a lower magnitude than in the healthy glands. No correlation was found between logSCC in the whole cow milk (healthy and inflamed glands) and PCW.

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