Provision of mechanical ventilation to pregnant/postpartum women with H1N1 influenza: a case-control study

Introduction. Influenza A H1N1 community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a quite frequent respiratory disease. Despite being considered more serious than other CAPs, there are very few studies comparing its characteristics with noninfluenza CAP. We aim to establish the differences between pneumonia due to H1N1 virus and pneumonia not caused by H1N1 influenza virus and to determine the probability that a pneumonia is due to an H1N1 virus infection based on the most relevant variables. Methods. We used a case-control study where cases were H1N1 CAP patients with confirmed microbiological diagnosis and controls were patients with CAP admitted to hospital. H1N1 and other influenza types were discarded among controls. We calculated the probability of being a case or control using multivariate logistic regression. Results. We included 99 cases and 270 controls. Cases were younger than controls (53 vs 71 years, respectively). Mortality was much higher for H1N1 patients (13% vs 0.3%), and admission to intensive care unit was more frequent for H1N1 cases. The variables most associated with presenting H1N1 CAP were bilateral affectation on chest X-rays (OR: 5.70; 95% CI 2.69–10.40), followed by presence of arthromyalgias, with cases presenting close to three times more arthromyalgias compared to controls. Low leukocytes count and high AST values were also significantly associated with H1N1 CAP. H1N1 CAPs are characterized by bilateral affectation, low leukocyte count, presence of arthromyalgias, and high AST. Conclusions. A few and easy to obtain clinical parameters might be extremely useful to distinguish H1N1 CAP from CAPs of other origin.

Download Full-text

Asthma and severity of the 2009 novel H1N1 influenza: a case-control study

Journal of Asthma ◽

10.3109/02770903.2013.838257 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 51 (1) ◽

pp. 69-74 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Yong Bum Park ◽

Changhwan Kim ◽

Yong Il Hwang ◽

Chang Lyul Lee ◽

Won-Yeon Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Influenza A ◽

Case Control Study ◽

H1n1 Influenza ◽

Case Control ◽

Novel H1n1 Influenza ◽

Control Study

Download Full-text

Association between cardiometabolic disease and severe COVID-19: a nationwide case–control study of patients requiring invasive mechanical ventilation

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2020-044486 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. e044486 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Per Svensson ◽

Robin Hofmann ◽

Henrike Häbel ◽

Tomas Jernberg ◽

Per Nordberg

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Mechanical Ventilation ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Invasive Mechanical Ventilation ◽

Population Based ◽

Case Control ◽

Population Type ◽

Susceptible Patient ◽

Control Study

AimsThe risks associated with diabetes, obesity and hypertension for severe COVID-19 may be confounded and differ by sociodemographic background. We assessed the risks associated with cardiometabolic factors for severe COVID-19 when accounting for socioeconomic factors and in subgroups by age, sex and region of birth.Methods and resultsIn this nationwide case–control study, 1.086 patients admitted to intensive care with COVID-19 requiring mechanical ventilation (cases), and 10.860 population-based controls matched for age, sex and district of residency were included from mandatory national registries. ORs with 95% CIs for associations between severe COVID-19 and exposures with adjustment for confounders were estimated using logistic regression. The median age was 62 years (IQR 52–70), and 3003 (24.9%) were women. Type 2 diabetes (OR, 2.3 (95% CI 1.9 to 2.7)), hypertension (OR, 1.7 (95% CI 1.5 to 2.0)), obesity (OR, 3.1 (95% CI 2.4 to 4.0)) and chronic kidney disease (OR, 2.5 (95% CI 1.7 to 3.7)) were all associated with severe COVID-19. In the younger subgroup (below 57 years), ORs were significantly higher for all cardiometabolic risk factors. The risk associated with type 2 diabetes was higher in women (p=0.001) and in patients with a region of birth outside European Union(EU) (p=0.004).ConclusionDiabetes, obesity and hypertension were all independently associated with severe COVID-19 with stronger associations in the younger population. Type 2 diabetes implied a greater risk among women and in non-EU immigrants. These findings, originating from high-quality Swedish registries, may be important to direct preventive measures such as vaccination to susceptible patient groups.Trial registration numberClinicaltrial.gov (NCT04426084).

Download Full-text

Influenza A (H1N1) virus infection and TNF-308, IL6, and IL8 polymorphisms in Egyptian population: a case–control study

The Journal of Basic and Applied Zoology ◽

10.1186/s41936-019-0131-1 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 80 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Shaimaa Moustafa Elsayed ◽

Omayma Mohamed Hassanein ◽

Nagwa Hassan Ali Hassan

Keyword(s):

Influenza A ◽

Case Control Study ◽

H1n1 Virus ◽

Case Control ◽

Severe Illness ◽

Study Results ◽

Influenza A H1n1 ◽

Pandemic Strains ◽

Study Participants ◽

Control Study

Abstract Background The importance of influenza is increasing mainly because of the appearance of novel pandemic strains such as swine and avian. Each year, influenza has spread around the world causing about 250,000–500,000 deaths and more than 5 million cases of severe illness. The objective is as follows: evaluating the outcomes of patients with influenza A (H1N1) virus in relation to certain TNF-308, IL6, and IL8 polymorphisms and identifying the associated factors with the severe outcome. Subject and methods This is a case–control study. The cases were patients confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to be influenza A (H1N1) virus infected. The controls were healthy individuals. Medical history and outcome of the disease was registered. In all study participants, polymorphisms of TNF rs1800629, IL6 rs18138879, and IL8 rs4073; odds ratio (OR); and the 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were calculated. Results Infection with influenza A (H1N1) virus was associated more with the following genotypes: TNF-308 AA (OR = 4.041; 95% CI = 1.215–13.4) and IL8 AA (OR = 3.273; 95% CI = 1.372–7.805). According to our study results, HCV (OR = 3.2, 95% CI 1.2–8.5), renal disease (OR = 3.4, 95% CI 0.9–13.6), cancer (OR = 3.1, 95% CI 0.3–31.1), TB (OR = 8.4, 95% CI 1.8–39.7), ICU (OR = 2.9, 95%1.2–7.1), and mortality (OR = 7.9, 95% CI 0.9–67.4) are considered as risk factors for influenza A (H1N1)-infected patients. Conclusions Our findings concluded that TNF-308 (AA) and IL8 (AA) polymorphisms may increase the susceptibility to be infected with H1N1influenza virus.

Download Full-text

Lack of association between angiotensin blockade and severity of influenza: a nationwide case-control study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-227875/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yaa-Hui Dong ◽

Jo-Hsuan Wu ◽

Jiun-Ling Wang ◽

Ho-Min Chen ◽

James L. Caffrey ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Influenza A ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Viral Infections ◽

Angiotensin Receptor Blockers ◽

Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors ◽

Case Control ◽

Channel Blockers ◽

Converting Enzyme Inhibitors ◽

Severe Influenza ◽

Control Study

Abstract Purpose Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) may modulate ACE2 level and the risk of viral infections. However, studies of the risk of the severity of influenza associated with ACEIs or ARBs in the real-world settings were limited and the findings are conflicting. Methods This case-control study evaluated the risk of developing severe influenza disease associated with ACEIs and ARBs in hypertension patients hospitalized for influenza from a population-based Taiwanese database. Logistic regression models were conducted to estimate ORs and 95% CIs associated with ACEIs or ARBs within 30 days before hospitalization. Results We included 1,369 cases (severe influenza patients) and 4,107 matched controls (non-severe influenza patients). ORs for any use of ACEIs and ARBs were 1.15 (95% CI, 0.93–1.42) and 0.97 (0.84–1.12) versus nonuse. Similarly, no significant association was observed for monotherapy with ACEIs (1.47; 0.95–2.29) or ARBs (0·76; 0.53–1.10) versus nonuse. Combination therapy between calcium channel blockers (CCBs) and either ACEIs (1.57; 0.91–2.70) or ARBs (1.23; 0·93-1.62) were not significantly different from CCBs alone. Conclusions Our findings did not suggest an association between ACEIs and/or ARBs and the severity of influenza. Stable patients should maintain their anti-hypertensive regimens in the influenza epidemic era.

Download Full-text