scholarly journals Changes in protein expression during honey bee larval development

2008 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. R156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Queenie WT Chan ◽  
Leonard J Foster
Keyword(s):  
Protein Expression ◽  
Larval Development ◽  
Honey Bee

Response of the honey bee (Apis mellifera) proteome to Israeli acute paralysis virus (IAPV) infection

2015 ◽  
Vol 93 (9) ◽  
pp. 711-720 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Michaud ◽  
Humberto F. Boncristiani ◽  
Joost W. Gouw ◽  
Micheline K. Strand ◽  
Jeffrey Pettis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Honey Bee ◽  
Host Protein ◽  
Colony Losses ◽  
Israeli Acute Paralysis Virus ◽  
Significant Research ◽  
Ubiquitin Proteasome ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Paralysis Virus

Recent declines in honey bee (Apis mellifera L., 1758) populations worldwide have spurred significant research into the impact of pathogens on colony health. The role of the Israeli acute paralysis virus (IAPV) on hive mortality has become of particular concern since being correlated with colony losses. However, the molecular interactions between IAPV and its host remain largely unknown. To investigate changes in host protein expression during IAPV infection, mass-spectrometry-based quantitative proteomics was used to compare IAPV-infected and healthy pupae. Proteins whose expression levels changed significantly during infection were identified and functional analysis was performed to determine host systems and pathways perturbed by IAPV infection. Among the A. mellifera proteins most affected by IAPV, those involving translation and the ubiquitin–proteasome pathway were most highly enriched and future investigation of these pathways will be useful in identifying host proteins required for infection. This analysis represents an important first step towards understanding the honey bee host response to IAPV infection through the systems-level analysis of protein expression.

scholarly journals Combined Toxicity of Insecticides and Fungicides Applied to California Almond Orchards to Honey Bee Larvae and Adults

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Wade ◽  
Chia-Hua Lin ◽  
Colin Kurkul ◽  
Erzsébet Ravasz Regan ◽  
Reed M. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Larval Development ◽  
Honey Bee ◽  
Honey Bees ◽  
Pesticide Exposure ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Combined Toxicity ◽  
Pollination Services ◽  
Almond Orchards ◽  
Honey Bee Larvae

Beekeepers providing pollination services for California almond orchards have reported observing dead or malformed brood during and immediately after almond bloom—effects that they attribute to pesticide exposure. The objective of this study was to test commonly used insecticides and fungicides during almond bloom on honey bee larval development in a laboratory bioassay. In vitro rearing of worker honey bee larvae was performed to test the effect of three insecticides (chlorantraniliprole, diflubenzuron, and methoxyfenozide) and three fungicides (propiconazole, iprodione, and a mixture of boscalid-pyraclostrobin), applied alone or in insecticide-fungicide combinations, on larval development. Young worker larvae were fed diets contaminated with active ingredients at concentration ratios simulating a tank-mix at the maximum label rate. Overall, larvae receiving insecticide and insecticide-fungicide combinations were less likely to survive to adulthood when compared to the control or fungicide-only treatments. The insecticide chlorantraniliprole increased larval mortality when combined with the fungicides propiconazole or iprodione, but not alone; the chlorantraniliprole-propiconazole combination was also found to be highly toxic to adult workers treated topically. Diflubenzuron generally increased larval mortality, but no synergistic effect was observed when combined with fungicides. Neither methoxyfenozide nor any methoxyfenozide-fungicide combination increased mortality. Exposure to insecticides applied during almond bloom has the potential to harm honey bees and this effect may, in certain instances, be more damaging when insecticides are applied in combination with fungicides.

scholarly journals The Effects of Starvation of Honey Bee Larvae on Reproductive Quality and Wing Asymmetry of Honey Bee Drones

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hajnalka Szentgyörgyi ◽  
Krystyna Czekońska ◽  
Adam Tofilski
Keyword(s):  
Larval Development ◽  
Honey Bee ◽  
Volume Control ◽  
Wing Size ◽  
Well Control ◽  
Semen Volume ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Future Reproduction ◽  
Size Asymmetry

Summary Starvation during larval development has a negative effect on adult worker honey bees (Apis mellifera L.), but much less is known about the quality of drones starved during their development. We verified how starvation on the second day (early starvation) or the sixth day (late starvation) of larval development affects body mass, ejaculated semen volume and forewing size, shape, size asymmetry and shape asymmetry in drones after emergence. The larvae were starved for ten hours by being separated from nursing bees with a wire mash for 10 hours either early or late during larval development. Drones starved both early and late were smaller (254.1 ± 1.97 mg and 239.4 ± 2.12 mg, respectively) than the control regularly fed individuals (260.9 ± 2.01 mg), and their wing size changed as well (control: 889.76 ± 1.06; early: 880.9 ± 1.17; late: 868.05 ± 1.48). Starvation at a later phase of larval development caused more pronounced effects than at an earlier phase. On the other hand, ejaculated semen volume (control: 0.7 ± 0.043 μl; early: 0.88 ± 0.040 μl; late: 1.08 ± 0.031 μl), wing size asymmetry (control: 0.49 ± 0.025; early: 0.51 ± 0.026; late: 0.52 ± 0.03) and wing shape asymmetry (control: 17.4 ± 0.47 x 10-3; early: 16.9 ± 0.41 x 10-3; late: 17.6 ± 0.43 x 10-3) were not affected by starvation. This suggests that drones attempt to preserve characters which are important for their future reproduction.

scholarly journals Extent and complexity of RNA processing in the development of honey bee queen and worker castes revealed by Nanopore direct RNA sequencing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xu Jiang He ◽  
Andrew B. Barron ◽  
Liu Yang ◽  
Hu Chen ◽  
Yu Zhu He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Splicing ◽  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Larval Development ◽  
Rna Sequencing ◽  
Honey Bee ◽  
Rna Processing ◽  
Caste Differentiation ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Honey Bee Queen ◽  
Isoform Expression

The distinct honey bee (Apis mellifera) worker and queen castes have become a model for the study of genomic mechanisms of phenotypic plasticity. Prior studies have explored differences in gene expression and methylation during development of the two castes, but thus far no study has performed a genome-wide analysis of differences in RNA processing. To address this here we performed a Nanopore-based direct RNA sequencing with exceptionally long reads to compare the mRNA transcripts between honey bee queen and workers at three points during their larval development. We found thousands of significantly differentially expressed isoforms (DEIs) between queen and worker larvae. Most DEIs contained alternative splicing, and many of them contained at least two types of alternative splicing patterns, indicating complex RNA processing in honey bee caste differentiation. We found a negative correlation between poly(A) length and DEI expression, suggesting that poly(A) tails participate in the regulation of isoform expression. Hundreds of isoforms uniquely expressed in either queens or workers during their larval development, and isoforms were expressed at different points in queen and worker larval development demonstrating a dynamic relationship between isoform expression and developmental mechanisms. These findings show the full complexity of RNA processing and transcript expression in honey bee phenotypic plasticity.

scholarly journals Learning performance and brain structure of artificially-reared honey bees fed with different quantities of food

PeerJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e3858 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin Steijven ◽  
Johannes Spaethe ◽  
Ingolf Steffan-Dewenter ◽  
Stephan Härtel
Keyword(s):  
Larval Development ◽  
Honey Bee ◽  
Brain Structure ◽  
Honey Bees ◽  
Learning Ability ◽  
Learning Performance ◽  
Olfactory Conditioning ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Conditioning Experiment ◽  
Better Than

BackgroundArtificial rearing of honey bee larvae is an established method which enables to fully standardize the rearing environment and to manipulate the supplied diet to the brood. However, there are no studies which compare learning performance or neuroanatomic differences of artificially-reared (in-lab) bees in comparison with their in-hive reared counterparts.MethodsHere we tested how different quantities of food during larval development affect body size, brain morphology and learning ability of adult honey bees. We used in-lab rearing to be able to manipulate the total quantity of food consumed during larval development. After hatching, a subset of the bees was taken for which we made 3D reconstructions of the brains using confocal laser-scanning microscopy. Learning ability and memory formation of the remaining bees was tested in a differential olfactory conditioning experiment. Finally, we evaluated how bees reared with different quantities of artificial diet compared to in-hive reared bees.ResultsThorax and head size of in-lab reared honey bees, when fed the standard diet of 160 µl or less, were slightly smaller than hive bees. The brain structure analyses showed that artificially reared bees had smaller mushroom body (MB) lateral calyces than their in-hive counterparts, independently of the quantity of food they received. However, they showed the same total brain size and the same associative learning ability as in-hive reared bees. In terms of mid-term memory, but not early long-term memory, they performed even better than the in-hive control.DiscussionWe have demonstrated that bees that are reared artificially (according to the Aupinel protocol) and kept in lab-conditions perform the same or even better than their in-hive sisters in an olfactory conditioning experiment even though their lateral calyces were consistently smaller at emergence. The applied combination of experimental manipulation during the larval phase plus subsequent behavioral and neuro-anatomic analyses is a powerful tool for basic and applied honey bee research.

Differential protein expression in the honey bee head after a bacterial challenge

2007 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 223-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bieke Scharlaken ◽  
Dirk C. De Graaf ◽  
Samy Memmi ◽  
Bart Devreese ◽  
Jozef Van Beeumen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Expression ◽  
Honey Bee ◽  
Bacterial Challenge ◽  
Differential Protein Expression ◽  
Differential Protein

Quantitative Untersuchungen über das Vorkommen von Vitamin B6 bei den drei Kasten der Honigbiene, Apis mellifera / Explorations on Quantity of Vitamine B6 in the three Castes of Honey-Bee Apis mellifera

1971 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 956-961 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gisela Hanser
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Larval Development ◽  
Honey Bee ◽  
Vitamin B6 ◽  
Royal Jelly ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Prepupal Stage ◽  
Larval Food ◽  
Dependent Change

Royal jelly contains a three fold higher concentration of vitamin B6 than the larval food for workers or drones (♀ = 20,59 μg,♀= 7,34 μg, ♂ = 7,23 μg pro g freshweight). Similar differences in the B6-concentrations are also observed in the three bee castes at corresponding developmental stages. The relatively high vitamin B6 concentration in the young larvae of all three castes decreases in the course of larval development before the prepupal stage. A seasonal dependent change in the Be values is shown in the worker jelly by the increase from 3,78 μg/g freshweight in May to 8,45 μg/g freshweight in July/August. The similarity in the vitamin B6 content in the larval food and in the bees of same age indicates the identity of the drone and worker jellies. The hypopharyngeal and post-cerebral glands of queen rearing nurse bees contain more vitamin B6 than the corresponding glands of normal nurse bees of the same age.

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