Is the simple webbed penis a contraindication to circumcision?

Abstract Background Surgical correction of the webbed penis is challenging. We presented the safety and feasibility of webbed penis correction for neonates under local anesthesia using a simple principle of leaving equal cylindrical shaft skin. Methods This retrospective study included 530 patients who presented for circumcision to three pediatric surgery centers between May 2017 and January 2020. We included male patients aged less than four weeks old who had circumcision with a minimum of 6 months follow-up. We compared patients with normal penile anatomy (n = 451, Group 1) to a simple webbed penis (n = 79, Group 2). Results There were no differences in age and weight between groups. The procedure time was significantly longer in Group 2 (8.05 ± 3.11 vs. 7.48 ± 2.07 min; P = 0.04). There were no differences in bleeding (P = 0.38), redundant foreskin (P > 0.99), need for corrective surgery (P = 0.38), and re-suturing (P = 0.28) between groups. The procedure success was significantly higher in Group 1 (449 (99.56%) vs. 70 (88.6%); P < 0.001). Parents' satisfaction was measured at two weeks with no difference between both groups. Conclusion Simple penoscrotal web is not a contraindication for neonatal circumcision. Circumcision of the penoscrotal web had good esthetic results with comparable outcomes to those with a normal penis without a web.

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Single-Stage Surgical Correction of Anorectal Malformation Associated with Rectourinary Fistula in Male Neonates

Journal of Neonatal Surgery ◽

10.47338/jns.v2.15 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 3 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ernesto Leva ◽

Francesco Macchini ◽

Rossella Arnoldi ◽

Antonio Di Cesare ◽

Valerio Gentilino ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Pediatric Surgery ◽

Primary Repair ◽

Surgical Correction ◽

Urinary Fistula ◽

Perineal Approach ◽

College Hospital ◽

Group 2 ◽

Group 1

Introduction: The treatment of children affected by anorectal malformations (ARM) is characterized by some unsolved problems. The three-stage surgical correction has been known to be most effective in preventing complications, but recently new approaches have been proposed. We describe our experience with the newer approaches.Methods: Twenty three male newborns, affected by ARM and recto-urinary fistula, were treated in 2 different centers in 8 years. Nineteen neonates (birth weight 2.4 - 3.5 kg) received a primary posterior sagittal anorectoplasty (PSARP) at the Department of Pediatric Surgery of the Chittagong Medical College Hospital (group 1). Four term neonates (birth weight 2.9 - 3.4 kg) received a primary pull-through with combined abdomino-perineal approach at the Pediatric Surgery Department of Fondazione Cà Granda of Milan (group 2).Results: Among patients of Group 1, 11 patients had a recto-bulbar fistula and 8 a recto-prostatic fistula. Among the Group 2, 2 had a recto-bulbar fistula and 2 a recto-prostatic fistula. The site of fistula was decided at the time of surgery. In Group 1, 5 post-surgical complications were recorded (26%); 1 child died of sepsis, 3 had dehiscence and 1 stenosis, which resolved with dilatation. In Group 2, the only post-operative complication of small rectal prolapse resolved spontaneously after a few months on follow-up. Group 2 patients were followed-up in a dedicated multidisciplinary colorectal center.Conclusions: Primary repair of ARMs with recto-urinary fistula is a feasible, safe and effective technique in the neonatal period. A combined abdominal and perineal approach seems to guarantee better results. A dedicated team is mandatory, both for the surgical correction and for a long-term follow-up.

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Effect of general and local anesthesia on the vagal response characteristics during ganglionated plexus ablation

EP Europace ◽

10.1093/europace/euab116.324 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 23 (Supplement_3) ◽

Author(s):

T Aksu ◽

K Yalin ◽

L John ◽

J Osorio ◽

J Winterfield ◽

...

Keyword(s):

General Anesthesia ◽

Local Anesthesia ◽

Vasovagal Syncope ◽

Autonomic Nervous ◽

Level 1 ◽

Group 2 ◽

Ganglionated Plexus ◽

Level 2 ◽

Group 1

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. Background The effect of different anesthetics on the function of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) is not well known. As a relatively new treatment option, ganglionated plexus (GP) ablation aims to modify the behavior of the cardiac ANS to prevent some/all of the autonomic processes occurring in vasovagal syncope (VVS) by using endocardial ablation techniques. Purpose The purpose of this study was to determine the effects midazolam and propofol on the vagal response (VR) characteristics during GP ablation in patients with vasovagal syncope (VVS). Methods Forty consecutive patients undergoing GP ablation for VVS were divided to receive local anesthesia with midazolam (group 1, n = 29) or general anesthesia with propofol (group EA, n = 11). All GP sites were detected by using previously defined fragmented electrogram based strategy. VR was defined on 3 levels: 1) R-R interval increased by 50% (level 1); 2) R-R interval increased by 20-50% (level 2); and 3) R-R interval increase lower than 20% (level 3). Results Baseline characteristics and mean follow-up times were comparable between groups. In both groups, the left superior GP (LSGP) was the most common GP site at which a VR was observed. However, there was a significant difference between groups for level of VR. While ablation on the LSGP caused a level 1 VR in 89.6% of cases in group 1, level 1 VR was seen in 22.2% of cases in group 2 (p < 0.0001). Similarly, ratio of level 1 VR during ablation on the left inferior GP (LIGP) was significantly lower in group 2 (44.8% vs 9%, p = 0.034). Once cut-off for VR was decreased to level 2, the ratio of (+) VR increased to 90.9% during ablation on the LSGP in group 2. Level 2 VR was detected in 45.4% of cases during ablation on the LIGP. Ratio of positive VRs in any level was lower than 20% during ablation on the right superior and inferior GPs in both groups. During a mean follow-up time of 12.1 ± 7 months, all but 2 (5%) of 40 patients were free of syncope. Conclusions The autonomic nervous tone might be affected in different ways by local and general anesthesia. Propofol may reveal a shift in the sympathovagal balance toward sympathetic predominance which may cause a blunting on VR during GP ablation. Further randomized, controlled and multicenter studies should be performed to confirm these findings.

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Use of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate with or without a Collagen Sponge as an Apical Plug in Teeth with Immature Apices

Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry ◽

10.17796/1053-4625-45.3.4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 45 (3) ◽

pp. 165-170

Author(s):

Gün Burak Tek ◽

Gül Keskin

Keyword(s):

Retrospective Study ◽

Clinical Outcomes ◽

Study Design ◽

Mineral Trioxide Aggregate ◽

Collagen Sponge ◽

Protocol Group ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Group 2 ◽

Group 1

Objective: This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the clinical outcomes of the apical plug performed using MTA with or without collagen sponge in immature anterior maxillary teeth with necrotic pulp. Study design: The study included apical obturation of 20 upper incisor teeth from 18 patients and outcomes of 12-month follow-up. The teeth were divided into 2 groups with 10 cases in each group according to the apexification protocol (Group 1; apical plug with MTA, Group 2; collagen sponge and apical plug with MTA). The artificial apical barrier, approximately 4-mm-thick, was created with MTA in each group. Based on clinical and radiographic criteria, the outcome was assessed using the periapical index (PAI) by 2 calibrated investigators. Results: In this study, 3 of the 6 teeth (50%) in Group 1 and 5 of the 8 teeth (62.5%) in Group 2 healed at the 12-month follow-up. However, there was no statistically significant difference between the groups at the post-treatment follow-up times. Conclusion: The use of collagen as an apical matrix prior to the MTA plug can be suggested due to favorable clinical outcomes.

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Predictors for the Healing of Transmetatarsal Amputations: Retrospective Study of 91 Amputations

Vascular ◽

10.2310/6670.2007.00035 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 15 (3) ◽

pp. 126-133 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Peter Blume ◽

Christine Salonga ◽

Juan Garbalosa ◽

Daphne Pierre-Paul ◽

Jonathon Key ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Retrospective Study ◽

Renal Disease ◽

End Stage Renal Disease ◽

Final Examination ◽

The Mean ◽

Group 2 ◽

Stage Renal Disease ◽

End Stage ◽

Group 1

This retrospective study reviewed 80 consecutive patients (mean age 62 years; range 21–91 years) who underwent 91 transmetatarsal amputations (TMAs) between 1995 and 2003. The mean follow-up was 12 ± 1.36 months. Sixty-two TMAs healed initially (group 1), whereas 29 TMAs did not heal by 3 months (group 2). At the final examination, in groups 1 and 2, 63 of 91 (69%) limbs were healed. Of the 28 limbs that did not heal, 25 of 28 (89%) required further proximal amputation. Initial healing correlated significantly with the ability to ambulate ( p < .0001) and overall limb salvage ( p < .0001). In group 1, 20 of 27 (74%) limbs that were revascularized healed ( p = .0336). Nonhealing amputations were associated with end-stage renal disease (13 of 19; 68%) ( p = .0209) and leukocytosis (13 of 19; 68%) ( p = .0052).

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Evaluation of MRI Features and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes for Prenatally Diagnosed Periventricular Pseudocysts

Frontiers in Pediatrics ◽

10.3389/fped.2021.681999 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Author(s):

Cong Sun ◽

Xinjuan Zhang ◽

Xin Chen ◽

Xinhong Wei ◽

Yufan Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Retrospective Study ◽

Brain Mri ◽

Lasso Regression ◽

Neurodevelopmental Outcomes ◽

Developmental Quotient ◽

Mri Features ◽

Developmental Scale ◽

Group 2 ◽

Group 1

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the morphologic features and neurodevelopmental outcomes of individuals prenatally diagnosed with a periventricular pseudocyst (PVPC).Methods: Pregnant women with a fetus prenatally diagnosed with PVPC by MRI were enrolled in this retrospective study. The fetuses with PVPCs were divided into group 1 (isolated PVPC) and group 2 (PVPC with additional findings). The surviving infants underwent brain MRI examinations and the Gesell Developmental Scale (GDS) test after birth. Independent sample t-tests were used to compare the differences in the developmental quotient (DQ) between group 1 and group 2. We also analyzed the correlations among the DQ, location (unilateral/bilateral), size (diameter), and number (single/multiple) of the PVPCs in group 1 using Lasso regression.Results: In total, 131 infants (group 1: 78 infants, group 2: 53 infants) underwent MRI examinations after birth, and 97 infants (group 1: 59 infants, group 2: 38 infants) underwent the GDS test. Upon follow-up, the sizes of the cysts had become smaller or disappeared after birth. The average DQ in group 2 was lower than that in group 1 (all with p < 0.001). In group 1, the location (unilateral/bilateral), size (diameter), and number (single/multiple) of the PVPC did not affect the DQ.Conclusions: The PVPCs became smaller or disappeared after birth. Isolated PVPCs usually have a normal presentation after birth regardless of the location, number, or size. For PVPCs with additional findings, the neurodevelopmental outcomes were inferior to those in isolated PVPCs.

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The impact of plating level on the postoperative loss of cervical lordosis in alternative skipped-level plating laminoplasty

Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery ◽

10.1177/2309499019896882 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 28 (1) ◽

pp. 230949901989688

Author(s):

Jinyan Wu ◽

Junyu Lin ◽

Zucheng Huang ◽

Xiaoliang Wu

Keyword(s):

Retrospective Study ◽

Cervical Lordosis ◽

Cervical Alignment ◽

Cobb’S Angle ◽

The Difference ◽

Group 2 ◽

The Impact ◽

Level Group ◽

Group 1

Purpose: The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of plating level on the loss of cervical lordosis (LCL) after laminoplasty with skipped-level plating. Methods: This retrospective study included patients who underwent alternative skipped-level plating laminoplasty from C3 to C6. Patients were divided into two groups according to the plating level. Group 1 had miniplate fixed at C3 and C5 (C3/C5 group), while patients in group 2 were fixed at C4 and C6 (C4/C6 group). The outcome of interest was the difference of LCL between the two groups; meanwhile, kyphosis development after laminoplasty was also compared. Results: A total of 70 patients were included in our study with a mean age of 60.44 ± 9.97 years. The median follow-up was 15 (12, 16) months. Median lordosis was 15.43° (9.35°, 22.23°) before surgery and 9.88° (4.15°, 18.94°) after, with a median LCL of 4.48° (−0.66°, 8.11°). There were 17 patients in the C3/C5 group, whereas 53 patients in the C4/C6 group. While preoperative C2–C7 Cobb’s angle was comparable between the two groups (15.32° (9.73°, 23.84°) vs. 15.51° (9.03°, 21.70°), p = 0.864), there were statistical differences regarding postoperative C2–C7 Cobb’s angle (6.54° (2.49°, 16.42°) vs. 10.62° (5.89°, 18.85°), p = 0.006) and LCL (4.74° (4.17°, 12.03°) vs. 4.07° (−1.89°, 6.69°), p = 0.034) between the C3/C5 group and the C4/C6 group. In all, 94.1% (16 of 17) of patients showed some degree of LCL after laminoplasty in the C3/C5 group, which was significantly higher when compared with 64.2% (34 of 52) of C4/C6 group ( p = 0.038). Before surgery, there were no kyphosis patients in either the C3/C5 group or the C4/C6 group. Postoperatively, four patients (23.5%) developed kyphotic alignment in the C3/C5 group, but only one (1.9%) in the C4/C6 group ( p = 0.013). Conclusions: Cervical alignment was compromised after laminoplasty. When alternative skipped-level plating is adopted in laminoplasty from C3 to C6, plating at C4/C6 may better preserve cervical lordosis than plating at C3/C5 after surgery.

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Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria (PNH): Long Term Follow up of 48 Patients in a Single Institution.

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v108.11.3762.3762 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 108 (11) ◽

pp. 3762-3762

Author(s):

Jefferson Ruiz ◽

Larissa A. Medeiros ◽

Vaneuza A.M. Funke ◽

Carmem M.S. Bonfim ◽

Marco A. Bitencourt ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Overall Survival ◽

De Novo ◽

Hematopoietic Stem ◽

Transfusion Requirements ◽

Long Term Follow Up ◽

Male Patients ◽

Group 2 ◽

One Year ◽

Group 1

Abstract Background: PNH is a clonal acquired disease characterized by poor expression of CD55 and CD59, adding higher lytic activity to the complement pathway, ending up in hemolysis, pancytopenia and thrombosis. The clinical variability and the lack of effective therapeutics make the treatment of PNH a real challenge. Material and methods: A retrospective analysis of 48 patients diagnosed with PNH between feb/1997 and march/2006 admitted to our center was performed. Before 1999, diagnosis was made by HAM and SACAROSIS tests. From this point immunophenotyping analysis was used to establish diagnosis. Bone marrow aspirate and biopsy, cytogenetic and biochemistry analysis were performed for exclusion of comorbities. Patients were divided in two groups: 1) de novo PNH associated with marrow failure (MF) and 2) PNH as an evolution of severe aplastic anemia (SAA) or mielodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Response was defined as reduction at hemolytic episodes as well as improvement of CBC and transfusion requirements. Results: Median age was 24 years (range 9–75); male patients constituted 58% of the sample (male/female: 1,4:1). De novo PNH with associated marrow failure occurred in 22 patients (group 1) and evolutive PNH in 15, being 13 from previous SAA and 2 from previous hypoplastic MDS (group 2). Thirty seven patients were followed at our clinic during this time: 25 (67,5%) received immunesupression with cyclosporine and steroids. Overall response (partial or complete) after one year of therapy was 84% (31/37). The remaining 11 patients (32,5%) received steroids alone, androgens or only observation, four of them remained with stable disease. HLA match hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) was performed in 18/48 (38%), being 11 from group 1 and 7 from group 2. Main indications were: pancytopenia (77%), thrombosis (17%) and AML (6%). Only nine patients died (19%): five after HSCT and 4 of those followed at our clinic (massive thrombosis and hemolysis). Overall survival after HSCT was 72% with median follow-up of 890 days. Overall survival among outpatient clinic patients was 86% with a median follow-up of 2340 days. Most frequent outpatient events were: hemolysis (48%), pancytopenia (13%), thrombosis (13 %), renal failure (9%) and infection (8%).Fourteen patients (37%) remained without symptoms. Conclusions:Immunosuppressive therapy with cyclosporine and corticosteroids is an excellent strategy in patients with PNH and associated marrow failure, leading to durable clinical responses.The present data supports previous published indications for HSCT: ASS and thrombosis.Overall survival of PNH patients who received HSCT achieved 72%.

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Creation of physiologic rhythm by closed loop stimulation in heart failure patients with severe chronotropic incompetence: worldwide first results of a pilot study

European Heart Journal ◽

10.1093/ehjci/ehaa946.0803 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽

Author(s):

J Proff ◽

B Merkely ◽

R Papp ◽

C Lenz ◽

P.J Nordbeck ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Closed Loop ◽

Funding Source ◽

Chronotropic Incompetence ◽

First Results ◽

The Mean ◽

Group 2 ◽

Group 1

Abstract Background The prevalence of chronotropic incompetence (CI) in heart failure (HF) population is high and negatively impacts prognosis. In HF patients with an implanted cardiac resynchronisation therapy (CRT) device and severe CI, the effect of rate adaptive pacing on patient outcomes is unclear. Closed loop stimulation (CLS) based on cardiac impedance measurement may be an optimal method of heart rate adaptation according to metabolic need in HF patients with severe CI. Purpose This is the first study evaluating the effect of CLS on the established prognostic parameters assessed by the cardio-pulmonary exercise (CPX) testing and on quality of life (QoL) of the patients. Methods A randomised, controlled, double-blind and crossover pilot study has been performed in CRT patients with severe CI defined as the inability to achieve 70% of the age-predicted maximum heart rate (APMHR). After baseline assessment, patients were randomised to either DDD-CLS pacing (group 1) or DDD pacing at 40 bpm (group 2) for a 1-month period, followed by crossover for another month. At baseline and at 1- and 2-month follow-ups, a CPX was performed and QoL was assessed using the EQ-5D-5L questionnaire. The main endpoints were the effect of CLS on ventilatory efficiency (VE) slope (evaluated by an independent CPX expert), the responder rate defined as an improvement (decrease) of the VE slope by at least 5%, percentage of maximal predicted heart rate reserve (HRR) achieved, and QoL. Results Of the 36 patients enrolled in the study, 20 fulfilled the criterion for severe CI and entered the study follow-up (mean age 68.9±7.4 years, 70% men, LVEF=41.8±9.3%, 40%/60% NYHA class II/III). Full baseline and follow-up datasets were obtained in 17 patients. The mean VE slope and HRR at baseline were 34.4±4.4 and 49.6±23.8%, respectively, in group 1 (n=7) and 34.5±12.2 and 54.2±16.1% in group 2 (n=10). After completing the 2-month CPX, the mean difference between DDD-CLS and DDD-40 modes was −2.4±8.3 (group 1) and −1.2±3.5 (group 2) for VE slope, and 17.1±15.5% (group 1) and 8.7±18.8% (group 2) for HRR. Altogether, VE slope improved by −1.8±2.95 (p=0.31) in DDD-CLS versus DDD-40, and HRR improved by 12.9±8.8% (p=0.01). The VE slope decreased by ≥5% in 47% of patients (“responders to CLS”). The mean difference in the QoL between DDD-CLS and DDD-40 was 0.16±0.25 in group 1 and −0.01±0.05 in group 2, resulting in an overall increase by 0.08±0.08 in the DDD-CLS mode (p=0.13). Conclusion First results of the evaluation of the effectiveness of CLS in CRT patients with severe CI revealed that CLS generated an overall positive effect on well-established surrogate parameters for prognosis. About one half of the patients showed CLS response in terms of improved VE slope. In addition, CLS improved quality of life. Further clinical research is needed to identify predictors that can increase the responder rate and to confirm improvement in clinical outcomes. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: Private company. Main funding source(s): Biotronik SE & Co. KG

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Effects of posterior tibial slope on the mid-term results of medial unicompartmental knee arthroplasty

Arthroplasty ◽

10.1186/s42836-021-00070-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Zhijie Chen ◽

Kaizhe Chen ◽

Yufei Yan ◽

Jianmin Feng ◽

Yi Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Knee Flexion ◽

Tibial Slope ◽

Posterior Tibial ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Medial Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty ◽

Group 3 ◽

Group 2 ◽

Postoperative Knee ◽

Group 1

Abstract Objective To evaluate the effect of medial posterior tibial slope (PTS) on mid-term postoperative range of motion (ROM) and functional improvement of the knee after medial unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA). Methods Medical records of 113 patients who had undergone 124 medial UKAs between April 2009 through April 2014 were reviewed retrospectively. The mean follow-up lasted 7.6 years (range, 6.2–11.2 years). Collected were demographic data, including gender, age, height, weight of the patients. Anteroposterior (AP) and lateral knee radiographs of the operated knees were available in all patients. The knee function was evaluated during office follow-up or hospital stay. Meanwhile, postoperative PTS, ROM, maximal knee flexion and Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) knee score (pre−/postoperative) of the operated side were measured and assessed. According to the size of the PTS, patients were divided into 3 groups: group 1 (<4°), group 2 (4° ~ 7°) and group 3 (>7°). The association between PTS and the knee function was investigated. Results In our cohort, the average PTS was 2.7° ± 0.6° in group 1, 5.6° ± 0.9° in group 2 and 8.7° ± 1.2° in group 3. Pairwise comparisons showed significant differences among them (p < 0.01). The average maximal flexion range of postoperative knees in each group was 112.4° ± 5.6°, 116.4° ± 7.2°, and 117.5° ± 6.1°, respectively, with significant difference found between group 1 and group 2 (p < 0.05), and between group 1 and group 3 (p < 0.05). However, the gender, age, and body mass index (BMI) did not differ between three groups and there was no significant difference between groups in terms of pre−/postoperative HSS scores or postoperative knee ROM. Conclusion A mid-term follow-up showed that an appropriate PTS (4° ~ 7°) can help improve the postoperative flexion of knee. On the other hand, too small a PTS could lead to limited postoperative knee flexion. Therefore, the PTS less than 4° should be avoided during medial UKA.

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Percutaneous posteroanterior screw fixation for Haraguchi type 1 posterior malleolar fracture in tri-malleolar fracture: Operative technique and randomized clinical results

Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery ◽

10.1177/2309499021997996 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

pp. 230949902199799

Author(s):

Tianming Yu ◽

Jichong Ying ◽

Jianlei Liu ◽

Dichao Huang ◽

Hailin Yan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Screw Fixation ◽

Malleolar Fracture ◽

Malleolar Fractures ◽

Posterior Malleolar Fracture ◽

Post Traumatic ◽

Group 2 ◽

Traumatic Arthritis ◽

Group 1

Purpose: The study described a novel surgical treatment of Haraguchi type 1 posterior malleolar fracture in tri-malleolar fracture and patient outcomes at intermediate period follow-up. Methods: All patients from January 2015 to December 2017 with tri-malleolar fracture of which posterior malleolar fractures were Haraguchi type 1, were surgically treated in this prospective study. Lateral and medial malleolar fractures were managed by open reduction and internal fixation through dual incision approaches. 36 cases of Haraguchi type 1 posterior malleolar fractures were randomly performed by percutaneous posteroanterior screw fixation with the aid of medial exposure (group 1). And 40 cases were performed by percutaneous anteroposterior screw fixation (group 2). Clinical outcomes, radiographic outcomes and patient-reported outcomes were recorded. Results: Seventy-six patients with mean follow-up of 30 months were included. There were no significant differences in the mean operation time (81.0 ± 11.3 vs. 77.2 ± 12.4), ankle function at different periods of follow-up, range of motions and visual analog scale (VAS) at 24 months between the two groups ( p > 0.05). However, the rate of severe post-traumatic arthritis (Grade 2 and 3) and the rate of step-off rather than gap in radiological evaluation were lower in group 1 than that in group 2 ( p < 0.05). Conclusion: Using our surgical technique, more patients had good outcome with a lower rate of severe post-traumatic arthritis, compared with the group of percutaneous anteroposterior screw fixation. Percutaneous posteroanterior screw fixation can be a convenient and reliable alternative in treating Haraguchi type 1 posterior malleolar fracture.

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