scholarly journals Assessment of pesticides in surface water samples from Swedish agricultural areas by integrated bioanalysis and chemical analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan Lundqvist ◽  
Claudia von Brömssen ◽  
Anna Kjerstine Rosenmai ◽  
Åsa Ohlsson ◽  
Theo Le Godec ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Transformation Products ◽  
Liquid Extraction ◽  
Oxidative Stress Response ◽  
Aryl Hydrocarbon ◽  
Liquid Liquid Extraction ◽  
Agricultural Areas ◽  
Surface Water Samples

Abstract Background Pesticide residue contamination of surface water in agricultural areas can have adverse effects on the ecosystem. We have performed an integrated chemical and bioanalytical profiling of surface water samples from Swedish agricultural areas, aiming to assess toxic activity due to presence of pesticides. A total of 157 water samples were collected from six geographical sites with extensive agricultural activity. The samples were chemically analyzed for 129 commonly used pesticides and transformation products. Furthermore, the toxicity was investigated using in vitro bioassays in the water samples following liquid–liquid extraction. Endpoints included oxidative stress response (Nrf2 activity), estrogen receptor (ER) activity, and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) activity. The bioassays were performed with a final enrichment factor of 5 for the water samples. All bioassays were conducted at non-cytotoxic conditions. Results A total of 51 pesticides and transformation products were detected in the water samples. Most of the compounds were herbicides, followed by fungicides, insecticides and transformation products. The highest total pesticide concentration in an individual sample was 39 µg/L, and the highest median total concentration at a sample site was 1.1 µg/L. The largest number of pesticides was 31 in a single sample. We found that 3% of the water samples induced oxidative stress response, 23% of the samples activated the estrogen receptor, and 77% of the samples activated the aryl hydrocarbon receptor. Using Spearman correlation coefficients, a statistically significant correlation was observed between AhR and ER activities, and AhR activity was strongly correlated with oxidative stress in samples with a high AhR activity. Statistically significant relationships were observed between bioactivities and individual pesticides, although the relationships are probably not causal, due to the low concentrations of pesticides. Co-occurrence of non-identified chemical pollutants and naturally occurring toxic compounds may be responsible for the induced bioactivities. Conclusions This study demonstrated that integrated chemical analysis and bioanalysis can be performed in water samples following liquid/liquid extraction with a final enrichment factor of 5. AhR and ER activities were induced in water samples from agricultural areas. The activities were presumably not caused by the occurrence of pesticides, but induced by other anthropogenic and natural chemicals.

scholarly journals Exploring the oxidative stress response mechanism triggered by environmental water samples

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 1126-1133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peta A. Neale ◽  
Maud E. S. Achard ◽  
Beate I. Escher ◽  
Frederic D. L. Leusch
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Environmental Water ◽  
Oxidative Stress Response ◽  
Environmental Water Samples ◽  
Response Mechanism ◽  
Ros Formation ◽  
Surface Water Samples

The oxidative stress response triggered by surface water samples was explored by measuring ROS formation and changes in glutathione concentration.

scholarly journals Occurrence and Distribution of Pharmaceuticals and their Transformation Products in Luxembourgish Surface Waters

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randolph Singh ◽  
Adelene Lai ◽  
Jessy Krier ◽  
Todor Kondić ◽  
Philippe Diderich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Transformation Products ◽  
Computational Tools ◽  
Data Files ◽  
Surface Water Samples

<p>This pre-print describes the analysis of pharmaceuticals and their transformation products in surface water samples collected in Luxembourg from 2019 to 2020. Details of the experimental and computational tools and workflows used are fully described in the manuscript. Links to the suspect lists, codes used, and data files are also provided.</p>

scholarly journals Phytoremediation, Vermiremediation and Efficiency Assessments of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons in Contaminated Surface Water from Okpoka Creek, Niger-Delta Nigeria using Cyperus odoratus, Colocasia esculenta, Phoenix roebelenii and Eisenia fetida

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
C. Fawole ◽  
S. J. Salami ◽  
D. A. Dashak ◽  
A. C. Harmony
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Niger Delta ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Liquid Extraction ◽  
Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Gas Chromatograph ◽  
Liquid Liquid Extraction ◽  
Us Epa ◽  
Surface Water Samples

The liquid-liquid extraction of Petroleum contaminated surface water samples were conducted in accordance with standard procedure of US EPA. Identification and quantification of TPHs was performed by Gas chromatograph with Mass spectrometric detection (GC/MSD) in accordance with standard analytical method of US EPA 8270;625. The TPHs raw sample showed an elevated value of 104762.42 mg/L above the DPR/EGASPIN maximum contamination limit (MCL). At week 5, TPHs phytoremediations in the monoculture reactors removal efficiency was (31.28 mg/L) 99.97% and mixedculture indicated (19.72 mg/L) 99.98%; their concentrations were above DPR/EGASPIN MCL while polyculture indicated (8.91 mg/L) 99.99% value was below DPR/EGASPIN MCL. The combination of phytoremediation and vermiremediation techniques in polyculture reactors showed better and spectacular results as the biotas demonstrated good potentiality of hyperbioaccumulation to serve as hydrocarbon sinks from the ecotoxics of TPHs.

Pharmaceuticals in the Yamaska River, Quebec, Canada

2007 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 231-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viviane Yargeau ◽  
Antonina Lopata ◽  
Chris Metcalfe
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
North America ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Pharmaceutically Active Compounds ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Basic Drug ◽  
Active Compounds ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Agricultural Areas ◽  
Surface Water Samples

Abstract Pharmaceutically active compounds have been detected in North America and Europe in groundwater, surface water, wastewater, and drinking water. In the province of Quebec in Canada, there has been little data to assess the occurrence of pharmaceutical residues in the aquatic environment. In August of 2005, samples of surface water were collected at 10 sites along the Yamaska River basin in Quebec, which passes through important agricultural areas and receives wastewater from several urban centers with populations ranging up to 44,000 residents. Several acidic drugs (naproxen, ibuprofen, gemfibrozil), neutral drugs (caffeine, carbamazepine, cotinine), and the sulfonamide antibiotic sulfamethoxazole were detected in the majority of the surface water samples. The antidepressant fluoxetine (neutral/basic drug) was not detected in any samples, while acetaminophen (acidic drug) was detected at only two sites, and sulfapyridine (sulfonamide antibiotic) was detected at only one site. Sulfamethoxazole and carbamazepine were present at the highest maximum concentrations of 578 ng/L and 106 ng/L, respectively. The concentrations of most of the target pharmaceutically active compounds observed in surface water samples within the watershed were generally consistent with the number of people in urban centers near the sampling sites when compared with other studies in urban watersheds. However, carbamazepine, naproxen, and sulfamethoxazole were present at surprisingly high concentrations for some of the low density areas. Overall, these results demonstrate that pharmaceuticals are distributed in surface waters within a watershed in Quebec at concentrations similar to levels observed in previous studies done in other parts of North America.

scholarly journals Occurrence and Distribution of Pharmaceuticals and their Transformation Products in Luxembourgish Surface Waters

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randolph Singh ◽  
Adelene Lai ◽  
Jessy Krier ◽  
Todor Kondić ◽  
Philippe Diderich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Transformation Products ◽  
Computational Tools ◽  
Data Files ◽  
Surface Water Samples

<p>This pre-print describes the analysis of pharmaceuticals and their transformation products in surface water samples collected in Luxembourg from 2019 to 2020. Details of the experimental and computational tools and workflows used are fully described in the manuscript. Links to the suspect lists, codes used, and data files are also provided.</p>

Occurrence of 1,4-dioxane and MTBE in drinking water sources in Japan

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Simazaki ◽  
M. Asami ◽  
T. Nishimura ◽  
S. Kunikane ◽  
T. Aizawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Water Quality Standards ◽  
Butyl Ether ◽  
Water Treatment Plants ◽  
Standard Value ◽  
Surface Water Samples

Nationwide surveys of 1,4-dioxane and methyl-t-butyl ether (MTBE) levels in raw water used for the drinking water supply were conducted at 91 water treatment plants in Japan in 2001 and 2002, prior to the revision of the drinking water quality standards. 1,4-dioxane was widely and continuously detected in raw water samples and its occurrence was more frequent and its concentrations higher in groundwater than in surface water. However, its maximum concentration in raw water was much lower than its new standard value (50 μg/L), which was determined as a level of 10−5 excessive cancer risk to humans. Trace levels of MTBE were also detected in several surface water samples.

scholarly journals Development of Surface Molecularly Imprinted Polymers as Dispersive Solid Phase Extraction Coupled with HPLC Method for the Removal and Detection of Griseofulvin in Surface Water

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamran Bashir ◽  
Zhimin Luo ◽  
Guoning Chen ◽  
Hua Shu ◽  
Xia Cui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Solid Phase Extraction ◽  
Molecularly Imprinted Polymers ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Phase Extraction ◽  
Dispersive Solid Phase Extraction ◽  
Molecularly Imprinted ◽  
Imprinted Polymers ◽  
Surface Water Samples

Griseofulvin (GSF) is clinically employed to treat fungal infections in humans and animals. GSF was detected in surface waters as a pharmaceutical pollutant. GSF detection as an anthropogenic pollutant is considered as a possible source of drug resistance and risk factor in ecosystem. To address this concern, a new extraction and enrichment method was developed. GSF-surface molecularly imprinted polymers (GSF-SMIPs) were prepared and applied as solid phase extraction (SPE) sorbent. A dispersive solid phase extraction (DSPE) method was designed and combined with HPLC for the analysis of GSF in surface water samples. The performance of GSF-SMIPs was assessed for its potential to remove GSF from water samples. The factors affecting the removal efficiency such as sample pH and ionic strength were investigated and optimized. The DSPE conditions such as the amount of GSF-SMIPs, the extraction time, the type and volume of desorption solvents were also optimized. The established method is linear over the range of 0.1–100 µg/mL. The limits of detection and quantification were 0.01 and 0.03 µg/mL respectively. Good recoveries (91.6–98.8%) were achieved after DSPE. The intra-day and inter-day relative standard deviations were 0.8 and 4.3% respectively. The SMIPs demonstrated good removal efficiency (91.6%) as compared to powder activated carbon (67.7%). Moreover, the SMIPs can be reused 10 times for water samples. This is an additional advantage over single-use activated carbon and other commercial sorbents. This study provides a specific and sensitive method for the selective extraction and detection of GSF in surface water samples.

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