Phytoremediation, Vermiremediation and Efficiency Assessments of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons in Contaminated Surface Water from Okpoka Creek, Niger-Delta Nigeria using Cyperus odoratus, Colocasia esculenta, Phoenix roebelenii and Eisenia fetida

The liquid-liquid extraction of Petroleum contaminated surface water samples were conducted in accordance with standard procedure of US EPA. Identification and quantification of TPHs was performed by Gas chromatograph with Mass spectrometric detection (GC/MSD) in accordance with standard analytical method of US EPA 8270;625. The TPHs raw sample showed an elevated value of 104762.42 mg/L above the DPR/EGASPIN maximum contamination limit (MCL). At week 5, TPHs phytoremediations in the monoculture reactors removal efficiency was (31.28 mg/L) 99.97% and mixedculture indicated (19.72 mg/L) 99.98%; their concentrations were above DPR/EGASPIN MCL while polyculture indicated (8.91 mg/L) 99.99% value was below DPR/EGASPIN MCL. The combination of phytoremediation and vermiremediation techniques in polyculture reactors showed better and spectacular results as the biotas demonstrated good potentiality of hyperbioaccumulation to serve as hydrocarbon sinks from the ecotoxics of TPHs.

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An Analytical Investigation Study of Potential Human Health Risks Caused by Petroleum-contaminated Surface Water Containing Various Toxic Heavy Metals at the Okpoka Creek, Niger-Delta, Nigeria

International Research Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry ◽

10.9734/irjpac/2021/v22i230382 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Fawole Charles ◽

S. J. Salami ◽

D. A. Dashak ◽

H. A. Chimezie-Nwosu

Keyword(s):

Surface Water ◽

Human Health ◽

Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽

Niger Delta ◽

Analytical Investigation ◽

Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Toxic Heavy Metals ◽

Toxic Heavy Metal ◽

Us Epa

Surface water samples were collected from the Okpoka Creek, Niger-Delta using the grab samples method and were analytically investigated for petroleum contamination. The liquid-liquid extraction of petroleum hydrocarbons was carried out following standard procedures of U.S EPA 3510; 1664 method and ASTM D3695 -95(2013). The US EPA 3005A method was adopted for acid wet digestion (Aqua regia mixture of concentrated HNO3 and HCl in ratio 1:3) for toxic heavy metal (HMs) determination. Total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) was analytically identified and quantified with the representative extract (sample) using Gas chromatography mass spectrometry detection (GC-MSD) Agilent Technologies 7890A in adherence to the standard analytical method of U.S EPA 8270;625. Atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) Buck Scientific 210VGP in adherence in to the manufacturer’s specifications was employed for HMs. The recorded elevated levels of the TPHs were significantly above the permissible limit of DPR/EGASPIN and HMs were also overwhelmingly above permissible limits of relevant regulatory agencies. The elevated concentrations of these contaminants of concern provided evidences of severe contamination in the study site and severe threats to environment and human health.

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Ecological and human health risk assessment of total petroleum hydrocarbons in surface water and sediment from Woji Creek in the Niger Delta Estuary of Rivers State, Nigeria

Heliyon ◽

10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07689 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. e07689

Author(s):

Owhonda Chikeru Ihunwo ◽

Mark Obinna Onyema ◽

Vremudia Onyeajoma Wekpe ◽

Christopher Okocha ◽

Amir Reza Shahabinia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Assessment ◽

Surface Water ◽

Health Risk ◽

Human Health ◽

Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽

Niger Delta ◽

Human Health Risk ◽

Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽

Water And Sediment ◽

Rivers State

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Assessment of pesticides in surface water samples from Swedish agricultural areas by integrated bioanalysis and chemical analysis

Environmental Sciences Europe ◽

10.1186/s12302-019-0241-x ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 31 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Johan Lundqvist ◽

Claudia von Brömssen ◽

Anna Kjerstine Rosenmai ◽

Åsa Ohlsson ◽

Theo Le Godec ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Surface Water ◽

Water Samples ◽

Transformation Products ◽

Liquid Extraction ◽

Oxidative Stress Response ◽

Aryl Hydrocarbon ◽

Liquid Liquid Extraction ◽

Agricultural Areas ◽

Surface Water Samples

Abstract Background Pesticide residue contamination of surface water in agricultural areas can have adverse effects on the ecosystem. We have performed an integrated chemical and bioanalytical profiling of surface water samples from Swedish agricultural areas, aiming to assess toxic activity due to presence of pesticides. A total of 157 water samples were collected from six geographical sites with extensive agricultural activity. The samples were chemically analyzed for 129 commonly used pesticides and transformation products. Furthermore, the toxicity was investigated using in vitro bioassays in the water samples following liquid–liquid extraction. Endpoints included oxidative stress response (Nrf2 activity), estrogen receptor (ER) activity, and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) activity. The bioassays were performed with a final enrichment factor of 5 for the water samples. All bioassays were conducted at non-cytotoxic conditions. Results A total of 51 pesticides and transformation products were detected in the water samples. Most of the compounds were herbicides, followed by fungicides, insecticides and transformation products. The highest total pesticide concentration in an individual sample was 39 µg/L, and the highest median total concentration at a sample site was 1.1 µg/L. The largest number of pesticides was 31 in a single sample. We found that 3% of the water samples induced oxidative stress response, 23% of the samples activated the estrogen receptor, and 77% of the samples activated the aryl hydrocarbon receptor. Using Spearman correlation coefficients, a statistically significant correlation was observed between AhR and ER activities, and AhR activity was strongly correlated with oxidative stress in samples with a high AhR activity. Statistically significant relationships were observed between bioactivities and individual pesticides, although the relationships are probably not causal, due to the low concentrations of pesticides. Co-occurrence of non-identified chemical pollutants and naturally occurring toxic compounds may be responsible for the induced bioactivities. Conclusions This study demonstrated that integrated chemical analysis and bioanalysis can be performed in water samples following liquid/liquid extraction with a final enrichment factor of 5. AhR and ER activities were induced in water samples from agricultural areas. The activities were presumably not caused by the occurrence of pesticides, but induced by other anthropogenic and natural chemicals.

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Effective liquid–liquid extraction method for analysis of pyrethroid and phenylpyrazole pesticides in emulsion-prone surface water samples

Journal of Chromatography A ◽

10.1016/j.chroma.2010.08.004 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 1217 (41) ◽

pp. 6327-6333 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

Jun Wu ◽

Jian Lu ◽

Chris Wilson ◽

Youjian Lin ◽

Hai Lu

Keyword(s):

Surface Water ◽

Water Samples ◽

Extraction Method ◽

Liquid Extraction ◽

Liquid Liquid Extraction ◽

Surface Water Samples

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On-line liquid-liquid extraction in a segmented flow directly coupled to on-column injection into a gas chromatograph

Analytical Chemistry ◽

10.1021/ac00298a054 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 58 (7) ◽

pp. 1516-1520 ◽

Cited By ~ 56

Author(s):

Elisabet. Fogelqvist ◽

Mikael. Krysell ◽

Lars Goeran. Danielsson

Keyword(s):

Liquid Extraction ◽

Gas Chromatograph ◽

Segmented Flow ◽

Liquid Liquid Extraction ◽

On Line

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Teratogenicity, Mutagenicity, Carcinogenicity, Genotoxicity and Toxicity of Petroleum- contaminated Wastewater in Niger-Delta Nigeria

Asian Journal of Applied Chemistry Research ◽

10.9734/ajacr/2019/v4i330114 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Fawole Charles ◽

S. J. Salami ◽

D. A. Dashak

Keyword(s):

Environmental Protection ◽

Environmental Protection Agency ◽

Niger Delta ◽

Standard Procedure ◽

River Estuary ◽

World Health ◽

Wastewater Sample ◽

Protection Agency ◽

Molecular Weights ◽

Us Epa

The chronic human health effects of the 17 US Environmental Protection Agency [USEPA] priority pollutants of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons [PAHs] were investigated and characterized in petroleum contaminated wastewater discharged indiscriminately into the surface water of Okpoka creek off the upper Bonny River estuary in the Niger-Delta. Collections and sampling were conducted under the standard specifications, ethics and protocols of U.S Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The liquid-liquid extraction of Petroleum contaminated wastewater samples were conducted in accordance with standard procedure of US EPA. Identification and quantification of 17 PAHs were performed by Gas chromatograph with Mass spectrometric detection (GC/MSD) in accordance with standard analytical method of US EPA. The result showed presence of Naphthalene [2.6000 mg/l], Acenaphthylene [8.0000 mg/l], Acenaphthene [0.0000 mg/l], Fluorene [9.0008 mg/l], Anthracene [0.0000 mg/l], Phenanthrene [0.0000 mg/l], O-Terphenyl [5.0200 mg/l], Fluoranthene [1.1000 mg/l], Pyrene [8.0000 mg/l], Benz[a]anthracene [1.0900 mg/l], Chrysene [0.0000 mg/l], Benzo[b]fluoranthene [10.0000 mg/l], Benzo[k]fluoranthene [0.0000 mg/l], Benzo[e]pyrene [0.0000 mg/l], Dibenzo [a,h] anthracene [4.0100 mg/l], Indeno[1,2.3-cd]pyrene [9.2000 mg/l] and Benzo[g,h,i]perylene [3.0000 mg/l]. The results also indicated that some of the 17 PAHs constituents were above the PAHs World Health Organization [2003] maximum permissible limits (MPL) in drinking water (0.0020 mg/l) with 64% and 35.29% below the MPL. The low molecular weights of PAHs [LPAHs] were 40.60% and high molecular weights of PAHs [HPAHs] were 59.40%. Human teratogenic PAHs [9.09%], Human mutagenic PAHs [24.24%], Human carcinogenic PAHs [24.24%], Human genotoxic PAHs [18.18%] and other toxics [24.24%]. Thus, total PAHs concentrations gave 61.2800 mg/l of the petroleum contaminated wastewater sample.

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