scholarly journals PFAS accumulation in indigenous and translocated aquatic organisms from Belgium, with translation to human and ecological health risk

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lies Teunen ◽  
Lieven Bervoets ◽  
Claude Belpaire ◽  
Maarten De Jonge ◽  
Thimo Groffen
Keyword(s):  
Health Risk ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
European Eel ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Active Biomonitoring ◽  
Sampling Locations

Abstract Background Despite specific restrictions on their production and use, per- and polyfluoralkyl substances (PFAS) are still omnipresent in the environment, including aquatic ecosystems. Most biomonitoring studies have investigated the PFAS concentrations in indigenous organisms, whereas active biomonitoring has only been used sporadically. In the present study, accumulated PFAS concentrations were measured in indigenous fish, European perch (Perca fluviatilis) and European eel (Anguilla anguilla), and in translocated freshwater mussels (Dreissena bugensis and Corbicula fluminea) at 44 sampling locations within the main water basins of Flanders, the northern part of Belgium. Finally, both human health risk and ecological risk were assessed based on accumulated concentrations in fish muscle. Results Among locations, ΣPFAS concentrations ranged from 8.56–157 ng/g ww (median: 22.4 ng/g ww) in mussels, 5.22–67.8 ng/g ww (median: 20.8 ng/g ww) in perch, and 5.73–68.8 ng/g ww (median: 22.1 ng/g ww) in eel. Concentrations of PFOA and PFTeDA were higher in mussels compared to fish, whereas for PFDA and PFUnDA the opposite was true. A comparison of concentrations on a wet weight basis between both fish species showed significantly higher PFDoDA, PFTrDA, PFTeDA and PFOA concentrations in eel compared to perch and significantly higher concentrations of PFDA and PFOS in perch. In mussels, PFAS profiles were dominated by PFOA and showed a higher relative contribution of short-chained PFAS, while PFAS profiles in fish were dominated by PFOS. Furthermore, all mussel species clearly occupied a lower trophic level than both fish species, based on a stable isotope analysis. Conclusions Biomagnification of PFDA, PFUnDA and PFOS and biodilution of PFOA and PFTeDA were observed. Translocated mussels have been proven suitable to determine which PFAS are present in indigenous fish, since similar PFAS profiles were measured in all biota. Finally, mean PFAS concentrations in fish did pose a human health risk for eel, although tolerable daily intake values for perch were close to the reported daily consumption rates in Belgium and exceeded them in highly contaminated locations. Based on the ecological risk of PFOS, the standard was exceeded at about half of the sampling locations (44% for perch and 58% for eel).

scholarly journals HEAVY METALS CONTAMINATION AND HUMAN HEALTH RISK FROM SELECTED FISH IN LAGOS, NIGERIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chima Fausta Nnodum ◽  
Kafeelah Abosede Yusuf ◽  
Comfort Adetutu Adeniji
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Hazard Quotient ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
World Health ◽  
Target Hazard Quotient

Abstract: Introduction : Heavy metals are known to cause deleterious effects on human health through food chain. Aims: The study is aimed at assessing heavy metal concentrations in the tissues of four highly consumed fish species and to evaluate the potential health risks associated with their consumption. Materials and Methods: The concentrations of Cu, Cd and Pb were analyzed in the tissues of Titus (Scomber Japonicus), Croaker (Pseudolithus Elongatus), Scumbia (Ilisha Africana) and Shrimps (Pipeus Notialis) by atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS) after digestion of the samples. Results: The results showed that Cd was not detected in the tissues of all fish species. There were variations among Cu and Pb concentrations in the tissues of the fish species. Cu had the highest concentrations (1.00 µg/g) in the tissues of croaker and shrimps respectively while Pb had the lowest concentrations (0.25 µg/g) in the tissues of Scumbia . The levels of all metals in the present study were lower than the limits permitted by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations/World Health Organization (FAO/WHO), European Community Regulation (EU) and European Commission (EC). Assessment of noncarcinogenic health hazard using Target hazard quotient (THQ) and hazard index (HI) indicated no concern from consumption of these fish species. The estimated daily intake (EDI) of the studied metals through fish consumption was below the permissible tolerable daily intake. Conclusion: It can be concluded that there is no potential human health risk from consumption of the selected fish species. Keywords: Heavy metals, Hazard index, Target hazard quotient.

scholarly journals Human Health Risk Assessment of Trace Metals in the Commonly Consumed Fish Species in Nakuru Town, Kenya

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 117863022091712
Author(s):  
Felly Esilaba ◽  
Wilkister Nyaora Moturi ◽  
Millicent Mokua ◽  
Terewe Mwanyika
Keyword(s):  
Trace Metals ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Trace Metal ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Target Hazard Quotient ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer

The present study was conducted to determine daily intake of cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), and lead (Pb) and to assess noncarcinogenic human health risk caused by these trace metals in the commonly consumed fish species ( Oreochromis niloticus, Rastrineobola argentea, Lates niloticus, and Protopterus aethiopicus) in Nakuru town, Kenya. Trace metal determination in the composite samples of the commonly consumed fish species was done using flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Cd, Cu, and Pb content in the muscle tissues of the commonly consumed fish species ranged from 0.11 ± 0.045 to 1.11 ± 0.931 mg kg−1 for Cd, 0.48 ± 0.013 to 3.00 ± 0.009 mg kg−1 for Cu, and 3.42 ± 0.045 to 12.78 ± 0.108 mg kg−1 for Pb. Cu concentrations were within Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) recommended limits for this trace metal in fish. In contrast, Cd and Pb had values above their respective permissible limits in fish. The assessment of human exposure to trace metals indicated that exposure doses of Cd and Cu were safe for fish consumers. Conversely, target hazard quotient (THQ) values of Pb suggested possible health risks for consumers of the commonly consumed fish species in Nakuru town, Kenya.

scholarly journals Human Health Risk Assessment and Potentially Harmful Element Contents in the Cereals Cultivated on Agricultural Soils

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 1674
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Gruszecka-Kosowska
Keyword(s):  
Health Risk ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Bioaccumulation Coefficient ◽  
Wet Weight

Potentially harmful element (PHE) contents were investigated in six species of cereals in southern Poland, with human health risk implications assessed afterwards. The PHE contents belonged to the following ranges (mg/kg wet weight): As below the limit of detection (<LOD)–0.013, Cd <LOD–0.291, Co <LOD–0.012, Cu 0.002–11.0, Hg <LOD–0.080, Ni <LOD–8.40, Pb <LOD–12.0, Sb <LOD–0.430, Tl <LOD–0.160, and Zn 5.47–67.7. The Pb and Cd contents exceeded the maximum allowable concentration (MAC) values for wheat, oat, rye, and barley in the Śląskie region. The bioaccumulation coefficient (BA) for the total PHE content in the soil indicated that cereals had no potential of PHE accumulation. Regarding the statistical daily consumption of cereals, the PHE intake rates, expressed as a percentage of permissible maximum total daily intake (% PMTDI), were the following: As 0.0003, Cd 0.193, Co 0.0003, Cu 0.075, Hg 0.424, Ni 3.94, Pb 3.16, Sb 0.23, Tl 0.27, and Zn 0.44. The total non-carcinogenic risk values (HQ) exceeded the target risk value of 1 for wheat (HQ = 13.3) and rye (HQ = 3.44). For other cereals, the total non-carcinogenic risk values decreased in the following order: barley (HQ = 0.47) > oat (HQ = 0.38) > maize (HQ = 0.02). The total non-carcinogenic risk value of the statistical daily consumption of cereals was acceptable low (HQ = 0.58). The acceptable cancer risk (CR) level of 1.0 × 10−5 investigated only for As was not exceeded under any of the intake scenarios. Concerning the mean As content in cereals consumed daily in statistical amounts the CR value was equal to 5.1 × 10−8. The health risk value according to the Pb content in cereals using the margin of exposure (MOE) approach was equal to 1.27, indicating an acceptable low risk.

Arsenic Speciation in Rice, Mechanisms and Associated Health Risk Through Rice Consumption in Various Districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tasneem Sarwar ◽  
Sardar Khan ◽  
Said Muhammad ◽  
Javed Nawab ◽  
Shehla Amin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Risk ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Mining Activities ◽  
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Rice Samples ◽  
Potential Human Health Risk ◽  
Potential Human Health

Abstract Arsenic (As) is one of the toxic metalloids therefore can cause health risk in the consumers through consumption of contaminated food and rice. The current study focused on As speciation in rice, bioavailability, mechanisms and its potential human health risk. For this purpose, rice and soil samples were collected from 16 different districts (non-mining and mining) of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (Pakistan). Soil physicochemical characteristic such as texture, electrical conductivity (EC), organic matter (OM), pH, iron (Fe) and phosphorus (P) were determined. Total arsenic (AsT) concentrations were analyzed using ICP-MS, while the arsenite (As3+), arsenate (As5+), arsenobetine (BAs), dimethylarsenic (DMA) and monomethyl arsenic (MMA) were determined by HPLC–ICP-MS method. Results showed the highest AsT (0.28 mg/kg) was observed in the rice samples of DI Khan District and lowest (0.06 mg/kg) in Shangla District. However, these findings were found within the permissible limits set by various authorities. Furthermore, results showed higher concentrations of inorganic As (Asi) than organic As (Aso) species in rice. The estimated daily intake (EDI) and incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILTCR) were used to evaluate the potential human health risk for As consumption in rice. Results revealed that the rice samples collected from the district having mining activities had higher value of As (0.28 mg/kg of AsT) as compared to non-mining (0.072 mg/kg of AsT). The highest ILTCR value (0.00196) was observed for rice collected from mining districts. This study revealed that mining activities have great influence on the As contamination of soil and grown rice. This study recommends the soil amendment in districts having mining activities to lower As availability in soil and its bioaccumulation in growing rice that will help to keep lower the potential risk.

scholarly journals Human health risk assessment of heavy metals in soils and commonly consumed food crops from quarry sites located at Isiagwu, Ebonyi State

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uchechi Bliss Onyedikachi ◽  
Donatus Chuka Belonwu ◽  
Mattew Owhonda Wegwu
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Us Epa ◽  
Bioaccumulation Index

Abstract In view of ensuring healthy agricultural foods for human consumption, this study assessed the human health risk implicated in selected heavy metals in some commonly consumed vegetables, tubers, nuts and fruits grown around the quarry sites at Ishiagu, Ebonyi State, Nigeria. Samples from agriculture area of Umudike, Abia State, Nigeria, constituted the control. The concentration of Mn, Zn, Fe, Cu, Cd, and Pb, were determined using atomic absorption spectrometry. The potential non-carcinogenic health risk for consumers which included Estimated Daily Intake (EDI) and Target Hazard Quotients (THQ) for Pb, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cd and Cu while carcinogenic health risk using Cancer Slope Factors (CSF) was established for Cd and Pb. Relative abundance of heavy metals across the locations and all samples was in the order Fe > Mn > Zn > Pb > Cu > Cd. There was statistical significant effect of quarrying activities on the concentration of the heavy metals (Fe, Mn, Zn, Pb, Cu, Cd) at p < 0.05 level. Based on the observed bioconcentration factors, cassava showed more hyperaccumulation potential compared to other samples. Pumpkin and bitter leaf also could be used in remediation owing to their high bioaccumulation index for Pb and Zn. THQ obtained for Mn and Pb were >1 indicating that the residents at the quarry site may be exposed to potential non-carcinogenic health risk due to Mn and Pb intoxication. With respect to US EPA prescriptions, average carcinogenic risk values obtained for Pb and Cd in this study indicated a lifetime (70 years) probability of contracting cancer suggesting that they be placed for further consideration as chemicals of concern with respect to the assessed locals.

scholarly journals Human Health Risk Assessment and Potentially Harmful Element Contents in the Fruits Cultivated in the Southern Poland

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (24) ◽  
pp. 5096 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Gruszecka-Kosowska
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Stone Fruits ◽  
Pome Fruits ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Berry Fruits

The presence of potentially harmful elements (PHEs) in popularly consumed fruits in Poland was determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, Se, Sb, Tl, and Zn contents were investigated in 21 fruit species grouped as berry, pome, stone, and shell fruits. The PHE contents belonged to the following ranges (mg/kg wet weight): Cd < limit of detection (LOD)–0.116, Co < LOD–0.062, Cu < LOD–15.5, Ni < LOD–2.23, Pb < LOD–2.07, Sb < LOD–0.240, Tl < LOD–0.110, and Zn 0.37–37.7. Their concentrations exceeded the maximum allowable concentration (MAC) set by European Union regulation for Pb only. Bioconcentration coefficient (BC) values, calculated in accordance to the PHE contents in exchangeable and acid soluble forms in soil after first step of the Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) sequential extraction procedure, revealed that berry fruits had potential for accumulation of Cu, Ni, Sb, and Tl; stone fruits—Cu, Sb, and Tl; pome fruits—Cu, Ni, and Sb, and shell fruit (walnut)—Cu. Human health risk assessment associated with the intake of PHEs in fruits was evaluated in terms of daily intake rates (DIR), and carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk by cancer risk (CR) and hazard quotient (HQ), respectively. For Pb margin of exposure (MOE) approach was used for health risk evaluation. Daily intake rates for all PHEs were below the provisional maximum tolerable daily intake (PMTDI) values. The mean total non-carcinogenic risk values were the following: berry fruits HQ = 0.47, pome fruits HQ = 0.36, stone fruits HQ = 0.42, and shell fruits (walnut) HQ = 0.22, indicating no health hazards. The carcinogenic risk for As in walnut only under an adult intake scenario (CR = 1.98 × 10−6) was found to be above the acceptable risk level. The mean Pb health risk, according to Polish statistical intake rates, was acceptable low as the MOE value was equal to 15.7 for adults. In reference to the intake rates recommended by United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), MOE values for Pb indicated acceptable low risk both for adults (MOE = 14.0) and children (MOE = 1.64). In general, the finding of this research revealed no health risk arising from PHE consumption with fruits for the population of Poland.

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