scholarly journals Estimated crash avoidance with the hypothetical introduction of automated vehicles: a simulation based on experts’ assessment from French in-depth data

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Pilet ◽  
Céline Vernet ◽  
Jean-Louis Martin
Keyword(s):  
Relative Weight ◽  
Road User ◽  
National Database ◽  
Automated Vehicles ◽  
Crash Data ◽  
The Road ◽  
Crash Avoidance ◽  
Fatal Crashes ◽  
Vulnerable Road User ◽  
On The Road

Abstract Objective We aimed to quantify, through simulations using real crash data, the number of potentially avoided crashes following different replacement levels of light vehicles by level-5 automated light vehicles (AVs). Methods Since level-5 AVs are not on the road yet, or are too rare, we simulated their introduction into traffic using a national database of all fatal crashes and 5% of injury crashes observed in France in 2011. We fictitiously replaced a certain proportion of light vehicles (LVs) involved in crashes by level-5 AVs, and applied crash avoidance probabilities estimated by a number of experts regarding the capabilities of AVs depending on specific configurations. Estimates of the percentage of avoided crashes per user configuration and according to three selected (10%, 50%, 100%) replacement levels were made, as well as estimates taking into account the relative weight of these crash configurations, and considering fatal and injury crashes separately. Results Our simulation suggests that a reduction of almost half of fatal crashes (56%) and injury crashes (46%) could be expected by replacing all LVs on the road with level-5 AVs. The introduction of AVs would be the least effective for crashes involving a vulnerable road user, especially motorcyclists. Conclusion This result represents encouraging prospects for the introduction of automated vehicles into traffic, while making it clear that, even with all light vehicles replaced with level 5-AVs, all issues would not be solved, especially for crashes involving motorcyclists, cyclists and pedestrians.

scholarly journals Autonomous Vehicles and Vulnerable Road-Users—Important Considerations and Requirements Based on Crash Data from Two Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
Andrew Paul Morris ◽  
Narelle Haworth ◽  
Ashleigh Filtness ◽  
Daryl-Palma Asongu Nguatem ◽  
Laurie Brown ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Road User ◽  
Red Light Running ◽  
Crash Data ◽  
Passenger Vehicles ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Vulnerable Road User ◽  
Vulnerable Road Users ◽  
Road Intersections

(1) Background: Passenger vehicles equipped with advanced driver-assistance system (ADAS) functionalities are becoming more prevalent within vehicle fleets. However, the full effects of offering such systems, which may allow for drivers to become less than 100% engaged with the task of driving, may have detrimental impacts on other road-users, particularly vulnerable road-users, for a variety of reasons. (2) Crash data were analysed in two countries (Great Britain and Australia) to examine some challenging traffic scenarios that are prevalent in both countries and represent scenarios in which future connected and autonomous vehicles may be challenged in terms of safe manoeuvring. (3) Road intersections are currently very common locations for vulnerable road-user accidents; traffic flows and road-user behaviours at intersections can be unpredictable, with many vehicles behaving inconsistently (e.g., red-light running and failure to stop or give way), and many vulnerable road-users taking unforeseen risks. (4) Conclusions: The challenges of unpredictable vulnerable road-user behaviour at intersections (including road-users violating traffic or safe-crossing signals, or taking other risks) combined with the lack of knowledge of CAV responses to intersection rules, could be problematic. This could be further compounded by changes to nonverbal communication that currently exist between road-users, which could become more challenging once CAVs become more widespread.

scholarly journals Exploring the Informal Communication of Driver-to-Driver on Roads: A Case Study of Durban City, South Africa.

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Jacob Adedayo Adedeji ◽  
Xoliswa Feikie
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Road User ◽  
Novice Drivers ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Hand Signal ◽  
On The Road

Road traffic fatality is rated as one of the ten causes of death in the world and with various preventive measures on a global level, this prediction is only placed on flat terrain and didn’t reduce. Nevertheless, road users’ communication is an essential key to traffic safety. This communication, be it formal or informal between the road users is an important factor for smooth traffic flow and safety. Communication language on roads can be categorized into; formal device-based signal (formal signal), formal hand signal (formal signal), informal device-based signal (informal signal), and informal gesture-based signal (everyday signal). However, if the intent of the message conveys is not properly understood by the other road user, mistakes and errors may set in. Overall, the formal signal is based on explicit learning which occurs during the driving training and the license testing process and the informal, implicit learning occur during the actual driving process on the road unintentionally. Furthermore, since the informal signal is not a prerequisite to driving or taught in driving schools, novice drivers are clueless and thus, might have contributed to errors and mistakes which leads to traffic fatalities. Therefore, this study seeks to document the informal means of communication between drivers on South African roads. Consequently, a qualitative semi-structured interview questionnaire would be used in the collection of informal signals, which were predominantly used on South African roads from driving instructors and thereafter, a focus group of passengers’ car, commercial and truck drivers will be used to validate the availability and their understanding of these informal signals using a Likert-type scale for the confidence level. In conclusion, the information gathered from this study will help improve road safety and understanding of road users especially drivers on the necessity of communication and possible adaptation for other developing countries.

scholarly journals REVITALISASI HAK PENGGUNA JALAN DI PASAR GRESIKAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-192
Author(s):  
Shintya Kurnia Beti F ◽  
Dianita Putri Oktavia D
Keyword(s):  
Road User ◽  
Traffic Jam ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Users ◽  
On The Road

AbstractAn analysis of the rights of road users in Gresikan Market where traders sell to eat the highway, causing congestion and causing motorists to feel disturbed. The congestion comes from buyers who park their vehicles not neatly and by chance, and also caused by traders selling too far into the highway. Not only this cause, this research also provides suggestions for roads around Gresikan Market so that they do not continue to cause congestion on the highway. This research was conducted on traders in Gresikan Market and buyers as well as the police or Satpol PP. With the results of the study will show how the opinions of traders and buyers who cause congestion on the road. This study aims to determine the main consequences of congestion that occurs on the highway around Gresik Market which makes road users or motorists feel disturbed, it also cannot be separated from the security side, namely Satpol PP. From the discussion carried out, it can be concluded that Gresikan Market is actually not feasible in any way because of the less extensive land and lack of security because there are many criminal acts of motorcycle theft when the buyer parks and forgets the key. sometimes the sellers are also visited and warned by the Satpol PP for selling the shoulder of the road. But apart from this, actually the traders who have sold in Gresikan Market already have special land to sell but the perpetrators admit that they are reluctant to sell the land because they feel that their merchandise is not and the traders already have customers in Gresikan Market.Keywords: road user rights, traffic jam, marketAbstrakAnalisa mengenai hak pengguna jalan di Pasar Gresikan yang mana para pedagang berjualan hingga memakan bahu jalan raya, sehingga menyebabkan kemacetan dan menyebabkan para pengendara merasa terganggu.Rupanya, kemacetan tersebut berasal dari para pembeli yang memarkir kendaraan tidak rapi dan sembarangan, dan juga disebabkan karena pedagang berjualan terlalu maju hingga ke jalan raya.Bukan hanya penyebab tersebut adanya penelitian ini juga menyajikan saran untuk jalan di sekitar Pasar Gresikan agar tidak terus-menerus menyebabkan kemacetan di jalan raya. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada para pedagang di Pasar Gresikan dan para pembeli serta polisi atau Satpol PP. Dengan hasil penelitian akan menunjukkan bagaimana pendapat para pedagang dan pembeli yang mengakibatkan kemacetan di jalan tersebut. Penelitian ini dilakukan guna mengetahui dan mempelajari akibat utama timbulnya kemacetan yang terjadi di jalan raya sekitar Pasar Gresikan yang membuat para pengguna jalan atau para pengendara merasa terganggu, hal itu pula tak lepas dari peran para pihak keamanan yaitu Satpol PP. Dari pembahasan yang dilakukan dapat menarik kesimpulan bahwa Pasar Gresikan sebenarnya tidak layak dari segi apapun karena lahan yang kurang luas dan keamanan yang kurang pula karena banyak terjadi tindak kriminal pencurian motorsaat pembeli memarkir dan lupa mencabut kunci. Terkadang para penjual juga didatangi dan diperingatkan oleh Satpol PP karena berjualan memakan bahu jalan.Namun terlepas dari hal tersebut sebenarnya para pedagang yang berjualan di Pasar Gresikan sudah diberi lahan khusus untuk berjualan namun para pedagang mengaku enggan berjualan di lahan tersebut karena merasa dagangannya tidak laku dan para pedagang tersebut sudah memiliki langganan di Pasar Gresikan.

scholarly journals Contested Spaces, Shared Concerns

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-191
Author(s):  
Sarah Stutts ◽  
Kenneth Saintonge ◽  
Nicholas Jordan ◽  
Christina Wasson
Keyword(s):  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Road User ◽  
North Texas ◽  
University Of North Texas ◽  
Contested Spaces ◽  
The Road ◽  
Driving Behaviors ◽  
Road Users ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The University

Roadways are sociocultural spaces constructed for human travel which embody intersections of technology, transportation, and culture. In order to navigate these spaces successfully, autonomous vehicles must be able to respond to the needs and practices of those who use the road. We conducted research on how cyclists, solid waste truck drivers, and crossing guards experience the driving behaviors of other road users, to inform the development of autonomous vehicles. We found that the roadways were contested spaces, with each road user group enacting their own social constructions of the road. Furthermore, the three groups we worked with all felt marginalized by comparison with car drivers, who were ideologically and often physically dominant on the road. This article is based on research for the Nissan Research Center - Silicon Valley, which took place as part of a Design Anthropology course at the University of North Texas.

scholarly journals Exploring the Informal Communication of Driver-to-Driver on Roads: A Case Study of Durban City, South Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Jacob Adedayo Adedeji ◽  
Xoliswa E Feikie
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Road User ◽  
Novice Drivers ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Hand Signal ◽  
On The Road

Road traffic fatality is rated as one of the ten causes of death in the world and with various preventive measures on a global level, this prediction is only placed on flat terrain and didn’t reduce. Nevertheless, road users’ communication is an essential key to traffic safety. This communication, be it formal or informal between the road users is an important factor for smooth traffic flow and safety. Communication language on roads can be categorized into; formal device-based signal (formal signal), formal hand signal (formal signal), informal device-based signal (informal signal), and informal gesture-based signal (everyday signal). However, if the intent of the message conveys is not properly understood by the other road user, mistakes and errors may set in. Overall, the formal signal is based on explicit learning which occurs during the driving training and the license testing process and the informal, implicit learning occur during the actual driving process on the road unintentionally. Furthermore, since the informal signal is not a prerequisite to driving or taught in driving schools, novice drivers are clueless and thus, might have contributed to errors and mistakes which leads to traffic fatalities. Therefore, this study seeks to document the informal means of communication between drivers on South African roads. Consequently, a qualitative semi-structured interview questionnaire would be used in the collection of informal signals, which were predominantly used on South African roads from driving instructors and thereafter, a focus group of passengers’ car, commercial and truck drivers will be used to validate the availability and their understanding of these informal signals using a Likert-type scale for the confidence level. In conclusion, the information gathered from this study will help improve road safety and understanding of road users especially drivers on the necessity of communication and possible adaptation for other developing countries.

scholarly journals Analysis of the advancements in real-life performance of highly automated vehicles' with regard to the road traffic safety

2018 ◽  
Vol 231 ◽  
pp. 05003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arkadiusz Matysiak ◽  
Paula Razin
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Automated Vehicles ◽  
Automated Driving ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Traffic Safety ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The Impact

The article presents the analysis of the performance of the vehicles equipped with automated driving systems (ADS) which were tested in real-life road conditions from 2015 to 2017 in the state of California. It aims at the effort to assess the impact on the road safety the continuous technological advancements in driving automation might have, based on of the first large-scale, real-life test deployments. Vehicle manufacturers and other stakeholders testing the highly automated vehicles in California are obliged to issue yearly reports which provide an insight on the test scale as well as the technology maturity. The so-called 'disengagement reports' highlight the range and number of control takeovers between the ADS and driver, which are made either based on driver's decision or information provided by the vehicle itself. The analysis of these reports allowed to investigate the development made in automated driving technology throughout the years of tests, as well as the direct or indirect influence of the external factors (e.g. various weather conditions) on the ADS performance. The results show that there is still a significant gap in reliability and safety between human drivers and highly automated vehicles which has been yet steadily decreasing due to technology advancements made while driving in the specific infrastructure and traffic conditions of California.

Technical Note on Road Safety in Haiti

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalie Chiavassa ◽  
Raphael Dewez
Keyword(s):  
Road Safety ◽  
National Level ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Technical Note ◽  
Road User ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Political Commitment ◽  
Crash Data ◽  
The Road ◽  
Development Goals

The IDB has been a predominant partner supporting Haiti development efforts for many years. Nowadays, the IDB is the main source of investment for the country. Considering the vital weight of road transport sector in the socio-economy of the country, the IDB has concentrated a large part of investment efforts in rehabilitating and improving national road infrastructures. In the same time, a rapid increase of motorization and relatively higher speeds have contributed to increasing the number of traffic fatalities and injuries. In 2017, road injuries were the fifth cause of mortality in Haiti. The Road Safety situation of the country is preoccupying with many Vulnerable Road Users involved, in particular pedestrians and motorcyclists. The country is facing multi-sector challenges to address this Road Safety situation. Despite recent efforts, high political will has not been continuous in promoting a multi-sector coordination and the success of technical efforts remained mitigated over the last years. Road user awareness is still weak in the country. Risk factors include dangerous driving, bad safety conditions of vehicles, together with limited law enforcement and poor maintenance of safety devices on the roads. In this context, the Road Safety situation of the country may be getting worse in the coming years if no action is taken. However, the new Decade provides with a unique opportunity to achieve Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) including significant progress in reducing the burden of traffic crashes. The IDB has already initiated vital investments in modernizing crash data collection, promoting institutional dialogue and supporting capacity building in the area of Road Safety. Future actions to address Road Safety challenges in Haiti in the framework of the five UN five pillars would require a range of investments in the area of political commitment, institutional coordination and technical efforts. A change of political paradigm from making roads for travelling faster to making roads safer for all users is highly needed at national level. This technical note on Road Safety in Haiti present the current situation of the country and provides with recommendations for future actions on Road Safety.

scholarly journals Literature review on the conflict analysis of vehicle-pedestrian interactions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Kizawi ◽  
Attila Borsos
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Rapid Improvement ◽  
Crash Data ◽  
The Road ◽  
Critical Elements ◽  
Traffic Conflict ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Vehicle Trajectory ◽  
Art Research ◽  
Surrogate Measures

An alternative to traffic safety analysis based on historical crash data the use of non-crash events is becoming more popular thanks to the rapid improvement in video-based vehicle trajectory processing. By means of Surrogate Measures of Safety (SMoS) in traffic conflict studies, the most critical elements on the road network can be identified and the probability of accidents can be proactively determined. This paper aims to summarize the state-of-the-art research regarding the analysis of pedestrian-vehicle interactions at unsignalized crossings, to synthetize the previous studies using Surrogate Measures of Safety (SMoS), and to identify the research gaps.

scholarly journals Accident Analysis Due To The Condition Of Transportation Infrastructure In Surabaya

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Wahab Sholeh A.S ◽  
Atik Wahyuni
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Black Spot ◽  
Road User ◽  
Accident Analysis ◽  
Accident Rate ◽  
The Road ◽  
Spot Area ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Rate Method ◽  
On The Road

The city of Surabaya is one of the major cities in Indonesia and is the capital of East Java Province, with a total population of 2,765,487 based on the Surabaya City Statistics Center 2018. With increasing population, ownership of private vehicles and activities on the highway will also increase. more dense and certainly can cause traffic accidents. The purpose of this research was to find out the characteristics of road users and the effect of the level of accidents on the road Dr. Ir. H. Soekarno Surabaya. The factors reviewed from this study are the characteristics of road users based on Age, Profession, Driver Factors, Vehicle Factors and Road Infrastructure Factors. To find out whether Dr. Ir. H. Soekarno is a road with a Black Spot area, so the Accident Rate method is used for this study to determine the accident rate based on the Black Spot area. From the results of accident analysis based on the characteristics of the road user Dr. Ir. H. Soekarno, the highest factor as the main cause of traffic accidents is caused by Drivers with speeding conditions and vulnerable drivers aged 16-30 years. And based on the accident rate method get the highest yield of 12.74 accidents / km. Year and included in the black spot area with an accident rate >1.0. The number of traffic violations and traffic accident victims on the road Dr. Ir. H. Soekarno during 2018 there were 61 traffic accidents which resulted in 7 casualties died, 7 accident victims suffered serious injuries and 73 accident victims suffered minor injuries.

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