scholarly journals Development of a new COVID-19 panel survey: the IAB high-frequency online personal panel (HOPP)

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Georg-Christoph Haas ◽  
Bettina Müller ◽  
Christopher Osiander ◽  
Julia Schmidtke ◽  
Annette Trahms ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
New Wave ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Monthly Basis ◽  
Employment Agency ◽  
Market Participants ◽  
Working Situation

AbstractSince January 2020, the COVID-19 crisis has affected everyday life around the world, and rigorous government lockdown restrictions have been implemented to prevent the further spread of the pandemic. The consequences of the corona crisis and the associated lockdown policies for public health, social life, and the economy are vast. In view of the rapidly changing situation during this crisis, policymakers require timely data and research results that allow for informed decisions. Addressing the requirement for adequate databases to assess people’s  life and work situations during the pandemic, the Institute for Employment Research (IAB) developed the High-frequency Online Personal Panel (HOPP). The HOPP study started in May 2020 and is based on a random sample of individuals drawn from the administrative data of the Federal Employment Agency in Germany, containing information on all labour market participants except civil servants and self-employed. The main goal of the HOPP study is to assess the short-term as well as long-term changes in people’s social life and working situation in Germany due to the corona pandemic. To assess individual dynamics the HOPP collected data on a monthly (wave  one to four) and bi-monthly (wave five to seven) basis. Furthermore, respondents were divided into four groups. The different groups of a new wave were invited to the survey at weekly intervals (wave two to four) or bi-weekly intervals (wave five to seven). This gives us the advantage of being able to provide weekly data while each participant only had to participate on a monthly or bi-monthly basis. In this article, we delineate the HOPP study in terms of its main goals and features, topics, and survey design. Furthermore, we provide a summary of results derived from HOPP and the future prospects of the study.

scholarly journals Clustering electricity market participants via FRM models

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Ayla Gülcü ◽  
Sedrettin Çalişkan
Keyword(s):  
Electricity Market ◽  
Distance Metrics ◽  
Agglomerative Clustering ◽  
Timely Manner ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Clustering Techniques ◽  
Market Participants ◽  
Cosine Distance ◽  
Collateral Mechanism

Collateral mechanism in the Electricity Market ensures the payments are executed on a timely manner; thus maintains the continuous cash flow. In order to value collaterals, Takasbank, the authorized central settlement bank, creates segments of the market participants by considering their short-term and long-term debt/credit information arising from all market activities. In this study, the data regarding participants’ daily and monthly debt payment and penalty behaviors is analyzed with the aim of discovering high-risk participants that fail to clear their debts on-time frequently. Different clustering techniques along with different distance metrics are considered to obtain the best clustering. Moreover, data preprocessing techniques along with Recency, Frequency, Monetary Value (RFM) scoring have been used to determine the best representation of the data. The results show that Agglomerative Clustering with cosine distance achieves the best separated clustering when the non-normalized dataset is used; this is also acknowledged by a domain expert.

Cibenzoline for High-Frequency Ventricular Arrhythmias: A Short-Term Comparison With Quinidine and a Long-Term Follow-up

1987 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 283-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prasad R. Palakurthy ◽  
Claudio Maldonado ◽  
Gurbachan Sohi ◽  
Nancy C. Flowers
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Ventricular Arrhythmias ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Long Term Follow Up

scholarly journals Can a simple, short-term memory task help to screen dyslexia?

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick Perham ◽  
Toni Howell ◽  
Andy Watt
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Compulsory Education ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Order ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Support Students

AbstractFunding to support students with dyslexia in post-compulsory education is under pressure and more efficient assessments may offset some of this shortfall. We tested potential tasks for screening dyslexia: recall of adjective-noun, compared to noun-adjective, pairings (syntax) and recall of high versus low frequency letter pairings (bigrams). Students who reported themselves as dyslexic failed to show a normal syntax effect (greater recall of adjective-noun compared to noun-adjective pairings) and no significant difference in recall between the two types of bigrams whereas students who were not dyslexic showed the syntax effect and a bias towards recalling high frequency bigrams. Findings are consistent with recent explanations of dyslexia suggesting that those affected find it difficult to learn and utilise sequential long-term order information (Szmalec et al. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory & Cognition, 37(5) ,1270-1279, 2011). Further, ROC curve analyses revealed both tasks showed acceptable diagnostic properties as they were able to discriminate between the two groups of participants.

Brazil faces stagnation risk in 2017

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Government Spending ◽  
Pension Reform ◽  
Investment Decisions ◽  
Fiscal Crisis ◽  
New Wave ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Business Investment ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Government

Subject The risk that the Brazilian economy will stagnate, rather than recover, this year. Significance The recent passage of legislation freezing government spending and the ambitious pension reform currently under discussion in Congress are the flagship policies of the government of President Michel Temer. Both seek to defuse Brazil’s fiscal time bomb in the long term. However, they offer little support to immediate expansion in an economy that not only has been in recession since the second quarter of 2014 but is also locked in a low-growth trap will few apparent short-term escape routes. Impacts Popular dissatisfaction may trigger a new wave of demonstrations, further weakening the government. As long as the fiscal crisis persists, the government’s ability to stimulate the economy will be limited. Political risk will be a crucial factor in business investment decisions in Brazil.

High-Frequency Trading and Conflict in the Financial Markets

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 270-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricky Cooper ◽  
Jonathan Seddon ◽  
Ben Van Vliet
Keyword(s):  
Financial Markets ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
High Frequency Trading ◽  
Market Makers ◽  
Market Participants ◽  
Software Vendor ◽  
Traditional Market ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
The Way

The last few decades has seen an ever-increasing growth in the way activities are productized and associated with a financial cost. This phenomenon, termed financialization, spans all areas including government, finance, health and manufacturing. Recent developments within finance over that past decade have radically altered the way trading occurs. This paper analyses high-frequency trading (HFT) as a necessary component of the infrastructure that makes financialization possible. Through interviews with HFT firms, a software vendor, regulators and banks, the effects of HFT on market efficiency, and its impact on costs to long-term investors are explored. This paper contributes to the literature by exploring the conflict that exists between HFT and traditional market makers in today's fragmented markets. This paper argues that society should be unconcerned with this conflict and should instead focus on the effects these participants have on the long-term investors, for whom the markets ultimately exist. In order to facilitate the best outcomes, regulation should be simple, aimed at keeping participants’ behavior stable, and the interactions among them transparent and straightforward. Financialization and HFT are inextricably linked, and society is best served by ensuring that the creative energy of these market participants is directed on providing liquidity and removing inefficiencies.

scholarly journals On the Linkage between the Energy Market and Stock Returns: Evidence from Romania

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Ştefan Armeanu ◽  
Camelia Cătălina Joldeş ◽  
Ştefan Cristian Gherghina
Keyword(s):  
Stock Returns ◽  
Capital Market ◽  
Energy Market ◽  
Hard Coal ◽  
Impulse Response Functions ◽  
Response Functions ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Market Participants ◽  
Johansen Cointegration Test

his paper aims to establish whether the Romanian energy market has an influence on the good running of the associated capital market. In order to achieve this objective, we approached a series of econometric techniques that allowed us to study the cointegration between variables, the presence of short-term or long-term causality relationships, and the application of impulse-response functions to analyze how the BET index responds to the shocks applied. The empirical findings from the Johansen cointegration test, ARDL model, and VAR/VECM models confirmed both the presence of a long-term and short-term relationship between the energy market and capital market. From all energy market indicators, only hard coal presented a causal relationship with the BET index. We also noticed a unidirectional relationship from the WTI crude oil to the Romanian capital market. Our findings should be of interest to researchers, regulators, and market participants.

Cooperation and Learning in Unfamiliar Situations

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 436-440
Author(s):  
William H. B. McAuliffe ◽  
Maxwell N. Burton-Chellew ◽  
Michael E. McCullough
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Social Approval ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Self Interest ◽  
Helping Strangers ◽  
Future Consequences ◽  
Widespread View ◽  
Human Social Life

Human social life is rife with uncertainty. In any given encounter, one can wonder whether cooperation will generate future benefits. Many people appear to resolve this dilemma by initially cooperating, perhaps because (a) encounters in everyday life often have future consequences, and (b) the costs of alienating oneself from long-term social partners often outweighed the short-term benefits of acting selfishly over our evolutionary history. However, because cooperating with other people does not always advance self-interest, people might also learn to withhold cooperation in certain situations. Here, we review evidence for two ideas: that people (a) initially cooperate or not depending on the incentives that are typically available in their daily lives and (b) also learn through experience to adjust their cooperation on the basis of the incentives of unfamiliar situations. We compare these claims with the widespread view that anonymously helping strangers in laboratory settings is motivated by altruistic desires. We conclude that the evidence is more consistent with the idea that people stop cooperating in unfamiliar situations because they learn that it does not help them, either financially or through social approval.

scholarly journals Spans attributed to short-term memory are explained by sensitivity to long-term statistics in both musicians and individuals with dyslexia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Kimel ◽  
Atalia Hai Weiss ◽  
Hilla Jakoby ◽  
Luba Daikhin ◽  
Merav Ahissar
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Opposite Effect ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Native Language ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Good Readers ◽  
Syllable Frequency ◽  
Term Memory

AbstractReduced short-term memory (STM) of individuals with dyslexia (IDDs) and enhanced STM of musicians are well documented, yet their causes are disputed. We hypothesized that their STMs reflect their sensitivities to accumulative long-term stimuli statistics. Indeed, when performing an STM task, IDDs had reduced benefit from syllable frequency, whereas musicians manifested an opposite effect, compared to controls. Interestingly, benefit from sequence-repetition did not significantly differ between groups, suggesting that it relies on different mechanisms. To test the generality of this separation across populations, we recruited a group of good-readers, whose native language contains a smaller fraction of the high-frequency syllables. Their span for these “high-frequency” syllables was small, yet their benefit from sequence-repetition was adequate. These experiments indicate that sensitivity to long-term stimuli distribution, and not to sequential repetition, is reduced in IDDs and enhanced in musicians, and this accounts for differences in their STM performance.

scholarly journals Learning Whether to Cooperate in Novel Social Interactions

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
William H.B. McAuliffe ◽  
Michael E. McCullough ◽  
Maxwell Burton-Chellew
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Best Interest ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Self Interest ◽  
Long Term Consequences ◽  
Lines Of Evidence ◽  
Human Social Life

Human social life is rife with uncertainty. In any given social interaction, one can wonder: Is cooperating with this person in my long-term best interest? Many people resolve to play it safe by cooperating rather than behaving selfishly, likely because (a) most social interactions in everyday life have long-term consequences and (b) the costs of alienating oneself from long-term social partners often outweighs the short-term benefits of cheating them. However, since trusting and sharing with others does not always advance self-interest, people might also learn through experience whether cooperation benefits them in any particular situation. Here, we review several lines of evidence suggesting that people initially decide when to share and trust based on the incentives that are present in their daily lives, but that they can also learn through experience to adjust their cooperation decisions to match the incentives of novel situations.

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