Mindfulness at Work, a Sound Business Investment

The COVID-19 pandemic and the COVID-19 crisis have brought tremendous pressure on human beings and have raised deep concerns regarding the future of people's activities all over the world. The post-COVID-19 era presents a highly challenging perspective due to the uncertainties raised by the new environment, already weakened by the lack of cooperation among individuals, the ruthless competition between entities, and the fierce and aggressive decisions taken in haste, which affected the balance of our planet, the future of the next generations, and the well-being and mental health of people. Mindfulness represents a major solution to today's problems, offering individuals the possibility to become more focused, more connected with present situations, and more willing to understand not only their needs, but also the requirements of their colleagues, communities, and all that surrounds them. Mindfulness, as an investment in our lives, comes to support creativity, development, innovation, responsibility, sustainability, well-being, and a healthy and well-balanced business environment.

Theory vs. Practice: Does Fiscal Policy Crowd Out Business Investment during Crises?

In 2020, the South Korean government aimed to mitigate the socio-economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic by enacting a fiscal stimulus package worth 66.8 trillion won. Traditional economic theory warns that such deficit-financed expansionary fiscal policies can have the adverse effect of crowding out business investment, but the current literature is more divided: some argue that the crowding-out effect outweighs the multiplier effect of fiscal stimulus; some claim that the two effects cancel each other out; and others assert that the scale of crowding out is small, at least in recessions. It is important to study the existence and scale of crowding out during recessions to evaluate the soundness of fiscal policies as a countercyclical tool. Thus, this paper examines whether Korea’s fiscal policy crowded out business investment during two severe economic downturns: the “great recession” of 2008 and the “great lockdown” of 2020. The paper uses a cross-time case comparison of the two economic crises in the hopes of drawing generalizable conclusions for South Korea over time. The findings show that Korea’s facility investment continued to increase during the recent pandemic but decreased during the 2008 financial crisis. Was this due to crowding out? Further analysis suggests that the decrease in investment during the 2008 crisis was due to factors other than crowding out. Hence, the paper concludes that Korea’s fiscal responses to the two crises did not crowd out business investment and thus encourages the continued use of appropriately sized and targeted fiscal stimulus during recessions.

Investment in South Africa

Since the achievement of democracy, high levels of gross fixed capital formation have been required for the economic and social transformation of South Africa. Public-sector investment has risen, particularly since 2008, but private-business investment has not grown enough, while manufacturing’s share of the capital stock has declined substantially. Common explanations for low investment in manufacturing are examined in the light of empirical literature and are judged to have inadequate evidential support. Industrial policies derived from these views, such as maintaining low interest rates to promote investment, need to be based on stronger evidence. An argument is put forward for a system-based approach to research on the determinants of investment.

MAXIMIZING THE PROFITABILITY ON INVESTMENT BY OPTIMIZING THE PRODUCTION PROGRAM

Investments in tangible fixed assets significantly affect the future production capacity of the company, they are a stimulator of the company's development. At the same time, they are associated with a degree of uncertainty that needs to be taken into account when making investment decisions. The article presents an approach to optimizing inhomogeneous production in order to maximize the economic efficiency of a particular business investment. The economic efficiency of the investment is assessed comprehensively in terms of profitability, liquidity and risk. The risk is addressed through Monte Carlo simulation and the production program is optimized using OptQuest. The result is a production program that maximizes the return on the assessed corporate investment.

Do Financial Inclusion, Debt Behavior Affect Business Investment? Study in Small Medium Enterprise Customers of Bank BPD Yogyakarta Indonesia

Bank, financial inclusion, debt behavior, and business investment greatly affect the economic growth of a region industry. The main purpose of this research is to examine the effect of bank behavior, financial inclusion, debt behavior on investment decisions of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises customers at Bank BPD Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The research sample is BPD Yogyakarta customers Respondents as 200 entrepreneurs are customers who are in debt for business investment. The analysis model uses mediation regression with PLS. The results showed that bank behavior had a positive effect on financial inclusion. Bank behavior has a positive effect on debt behavior. Financial inclusion has a positive effect on business investment. Debt behavior has a positive effect on business investment. Financial inclusion, debt behavior mediates the influence of bank behavior on business investment. The implication of this research is that a clear bank behavior and high commitment of banks are needed in offering bank products. It takes commitment and supervision from the Bank in providing credit to customers so that the use of funds is in accordance with investment objectives.

Do Financial Inclusion, Debt Behavior Affect Business Investment? Study in Small Medium Enterprise Customers of Bank BPD Yogyakarta Indonesia

Bank, financial inclusion, debt behavior, and business investment greatly affect the economic growth of a region industry. The main purpose of this research is to examine the effect of bank behavior, financial inclusion, debt behavior on investment decisions of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises customers at Bank BPD Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The research sample is BPD Yogyakarta customers Respondents as 200 entrepreneurs are customers who are in debt for business investment. The analysis model uses mediation regression with PLS. The results showed that bank behavior had a positive effect on financial inclusion. Bank behavior has a positive effect on debt behavior. Financial inclusion has a positive effect on business investment. Debt behavior has a positive effect on business investment. Financial inclusion, debt behavior mediates the influence of bank behavior on business investment. The implication of this research is that a clear bank behavior and high commitment of banks are needed in offering bank products. It takes commitment and supervision from the Bank in providing credit to customers so that the use of funds is in accordance with investment objectives.

USAHA PONDOK PESANTREN RIYADLUL JANNAH PACET MOJOKERTO DALAM MENGEMBANGKAN PEREKONOMIAN PESANTREN PERSPEKTIF ILMU EKONOMI SYARIAH

Investment is funds or resources to obtain future profits. Investment does not have to be in the form of money, sometimes land, agricultural land, thoughts that can build a business, etc. Restaurants, farms, fisheries, villas, wedding organizations are some of the business investments owned by Pondok Pesantren Riyadlul Jannah. This paper aims to find out how the implementation of business investment in Pondok Pesantren Riyadlul Jannah, what are the hardships faced by the company Pondok Pesantren Riyadlul Jannah, and how to overcome these hardships in developing the economy of Pondok Pesantren Riyadlul Jannah. It used qualitative methods which include data sources, data collection techniques, and data analysis techniques.

High US government debt does not itself raise risks

Significance Some economists are suggesting that, over the longer term, this could cause financial markets to stop buying US debt and charge prohibitively high rates, and cause the dollar to crash. Other economists argue that more deficit spending could fuel output and so keep relative debt levels in check. Impacts The government retirement trust funds will continue to be major buyers of government debt. In the recovery and beyond, financing the debt could raise private borrowing costs, reduce business investment and slow economic growth. High and rising debt might constrain policymakers in their ability to respond to unforeseen events. A higher debt path that boosts interest rates would give the Federal Reserve more flexibility in implementing monetary policy.

Assessing the Cost of Populism to Global Trade

This chapter assesses the cost of populist protectionism, beginning with the traditional measures of welfare cost from trade restrictions, as well as the institutional disruption it often entails, which amplifies these costs. One distinctive impact of Trump’s trade policies as well as from Brexit, for example, is the uncertainty it creates in the business environment, which itself tends to diminish business investment and trade. Populist protectionism, by flouting established rules, also tends to provoke retaliation, further compounding its cost. The systemic cost of eroding long-standing trade practices and norms also diminishes trust between populist governments and other countries, which may move global trade toward discriminatory, defensive trade blocs. Reduced trust may spill over into nontrade issues in which cooperation is required to solve cross-border or global problems, such as with the coronavirus crisis. Populist restrictions on immigration also have negative trade effects in terms of inefficient labor allocation, reduced output, and diminished trade opportunities.

Destination-Based Cash Flow Taxation

This chapter sets out and evaluates our second main proposal: the Destination-based Cash Flow Tax (DBCFT). This has two basic components: (a) a ‘cash flow’ element, which gives immediate relief to all expenditure, and (b) a ‘destination-based’ element, which introduces border adjustments of the same form as under the value added tax (VAT): exports are untaxed, while imports are taxed. This is equivalent in its economic impact to introducing a broad-based, uniform rate VAT and making a corresponding reduction in taxes on wages and salaries. A central motivation for the DBCFT is to improve economic efficiency by taxing business income in a relatively immobile location; the DBCFT should not distort either the scale or the location of business investment. It also has the considerable advantage of being robust against avoidance through inter-company transactions.