scholarly journals An isoform of the plastid RNA polymerase-associated protein FSD3 negatively regulates chloroplast development

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sangyool Lee ◽  
Young Hee Joung ◽  
Ju-Kon Kim ◽  
Yang Do Choi ◽  
Geupil Jang
Keyword(s):  
Rna Polymerase ◽  
Photosynthetic Activity ◽  
Chloroplast Development ◽  
Transmembrane Domain ◽  
Developmental Defects ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Associated Proteins ◽  
Plastid Rna Polymerase ◽  
Chloroplast Nucleoid

Abstract Background Plastid-encoded RNA polymerase (PEP) plays an essential role in chloroplast development by governing the expression of genes involved in photosynthesis. At least 12 PEP-associated proteins (PAPs), including FSD3/PAP4, regulate PEP activity and chloroplast development by modulating formation of the PEP complex. Results In this study, we identified FSD3S, a splicing variant of FSD3; the FSD3 and FSD3S transcripts encode proteins with identical N-termini, but different C-termini. Characterization of FSD3 and FSD3S proteins showed that the C-terminal region of FSD3S contains a transmembrane domain, which promotes FSD3S localization to the chloroplast membrane but not to nucleoids, in contrast to FSD3, which localizes to the chloroplast nucleoid. We also found that overexpression of FSD3S negatively affects photosynthetic activity and chloroplast development by reducing expression of genes involved in photosynthesis. In addition, FSD3S failed to complement the chloroplast developmental defects in the fsd3 mutant. Conclusion These results suggest FSD3 and FSD3S, with their distinct localization patterns, have different functions in chloroplast development, and FSD3S negatively regulates expression of PEP-dependent chloroplast genes, and development of chloroplasts.

scholarly journals Characterization of the Plastid RNA Polymerase Complex

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sangyool Lee ◽  
Sun Hyun Chang ◽  
Taeyoung Um ◽  
Geupil Jang ◽  
Ju-Kon Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rna Polymerase ◽  
Polymerase Complex ◽  
Plastid Rna Polymerase

WSL3, a component of the plastid-encoded plastid RNA polymerase, is essential for early chloroplast development in rice

2016 ◽  
Vol 92 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 581-595 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liwei Wang ◽  
Chunming Wang ◽  
Yihua Wang ◽  
Mei Niu ◽  
Yulong Ren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rna Polymerase ◽  
Chloroplast Development ◽  
Plastid Rna Polymerase

scholarly journals Characterization of a Rice Nuclear-Encoded Plastid RNA Polymerase Gene OsRpoTp

2004 ◽  
Vol 45 (9) ◽  
pp. 1194-1201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kensuke Kusumi ◽  
Asanori Yara ◽  
Naoko Mitsui ◽  
Yuzuru Tozawa ◽  
Koh Iba
Keyword(s):  
Rna Polymerase ◽  
Polymerase Gene ◽  
Plastid Rna Polymerase ◽  
Rna Polymerase Gene

scholarly journals Plastid Deficient 1 Is Essential for the Accumulation of Plastid-Encoded RNA Polymerase Core Subunit β and Chloroplast Development in Arabidopsis

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (24) ◽  
pp. 13648
Author(s):  
Zhipan Yang ◽  
Mingxin Liu ◽  
Shunhua Ding ◽  
Yi Zhang ◽  
Huixia Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rna Polymerase ◽  
Chloroplast Development ◽  
Direct Interaction ◽  
Immunoblot Analysis ◽  
Regulation Mechanism ◽  
Plastid Development ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
Complex Regulation ◽  
Identification And Characterization

Plastid-encoded RNA polymerase (PEP)-dependent transcription is an essential process for chloroplast development and plant growth. It is a complex event that is regulated by numerous nuclear-encoded proteins. In order to elucidate the complex regulation mechanism of PEP activity, identification and characterization of PEP activity regulation factors are needed. Here, we characterize Plastid Deficient 1 (PD1) as a novel regulator for PEP-dependent gene expression and chloroplast development in Arabidopsis. The PD1 gene encodes a protein that is conserved in photoautotrophic organisms. The Arabidopsis pd1 mutant showed albino and seedling-lethal phenotypes. The plastid development in the pd1 mutant was arrested. The PD1 protein localized in the chloroplasts, and it colocalized with nucleoid protein TRXz. RT-quantitative real-time PCR, northern blot, and run-on analyses indicated that the PEP-dependent transcription in the pd1 mutant was dramatically impaired, whereas the nuclear-encoded RNA polymerase-dependent transcription was up-regulated. The yeast two-hybrid assays and coimmunoprecipitation experiments showed that the PD1 protein interacts with PEP core subunit β (PEP-β), which has been verified to be essential for chloroplast development. The immunoblot analysis indicated that the accumulation of PEP-β was barely detected in the pd1 mutant, whereas the accumulation of the other essential components of the PEP complex, such as core subunits α and β′, were not affected in the pd1 mutant. These observations suggested that the PD1 protein is essential for the accumulation of PEP-β and chloroplast development in Arabidopsis, potentially by direct interaction with PEP-β.

scholarly journals Characterization of the Interactions of Mammalian RNA Polymerase I Associated Proteins PAF53 and PAF49

Biochemistry ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 51 (33) ◽  
pp. 6519-6526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yvonne Penrod ◽  
Katrina Rothblum ◽  
Lawrence I. Rothblum
Keyword(s):  
Rna Polymerase ◽  
Rna Polymerase I ◽  
Associated Proteins ◽  
Polymerase I

scholarly journals Arabidopsis Seedling Lethal 1 Interacting With Plastid-Encoded RNA Polymerase Complex Proteins Is Essential for Chloroplast Development

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deyuan Jiang ◽  
Renjie Tang ◽  
Yafei Shi ◽  
Xiangsheng Ke ◽  
Yetao Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Rna Polymerase ◽  
Chloroplast Development ◽  
Insertion Mutant ◽  
Chloroplast Gene Expression ◽  
Plant Chloroplast ◽  
Dna Insertion ◽  
Chloroplast Stroma ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Mitochondrial transcription termination factors (mTERFs) are highly conserved proteins in metazoans. Plants have many more mTERF proteins than animals. The functions and the underlying mechanisms of plants’ mTERFs remain largely unknown. In plants, mTERF family proteins are present in both mitochondria and plastids and are involved in gene expression in these organelles through different mechanisms. In this study, we screened Arabidopsis mutants with pigment-defective phenotypes and isolated a T-DNA insertion mutant exhibiting seedling-lethal and albino phenotypes [seedling lethal 1 (sl1)]. The SL1 gene encodes an mTERF protein localized in the chloroplast stroma. The sl1 mutant showed severe defects in chloroplast development, photosystem assembly, and the accumulation of photosynthetic proteins. Furthermore, the transcript levels of some plastid-encoded proteins were significantly reduced in the mutant, suggesting that SL1/mTERF3 may function in the chloroplast gene expression. Indeed, SL1/mTERF3 interacted with PAP12/PTAC7, PAP5/PTAC12, and PAP7/PTAC14 in the subgroup of DNA/RNA metabolism in the plastid-encoded RNA polymerase (PEP) complex. Taken together, the characterization of the plant chloroplast mTERF protein, SL1/mTERF3, that associated with PEP complex proteins provided new insights into RNA transcription in the chloroplast.

scholarly journals Genome communication in plants mediated by organelle–n­ucleus-located proteins

2020 ◽  
Vol 375 (1801) ◽  
pp. 20190397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin Krupinska ◽  
Nicolás E. Blanco ◽  
Svenja Oetke ◽  
Michela Zottini
Keyword(s):  
Chloroplast Development ◽  
Cell Cycle Control ◽  
Plastid Transformation ◽  
Light Responses ◽  
Dual Targeting ◽  
Dual Localization ◽  
Retrograde Signalling ◽  
Eukaryotic Proteins ◽  
Plastid Proteins ◽  
Associated Proteins

An increasing number of eukaryotic proteins have been shown to have a dual localization in the DNA-containing organelles, mitochondria and plastids, and/or the nucleus. Regulation of dual targeting and relocation of proteins from organelles to the nucleus offer the most direct means for communication between organelles as well as organelles and nucleus. Most of the mitochondrial proteins of animals have functions in DNA repair and gene expression by modelling of nucleoid architecture and/or chromatin. In plants, such proteins can affect replication and early development. Most plastid proteins with a confirmed or predicted second location in the nucleus are associated with the prokaryotic core RNA polymerase and are required for chloroplast development and light responses. Few plastid–nucleus-located proteins are involved in pathogen defence and cell cycle control. For three proteins, it has been clearly shown that they are first targeted to the organelle and then relocated to the nucleus, i.e. the nucleoid-associated proteins HEMERA and Whirly1 and the stroma-located defence protein NRIP1. Relocation to the nucleus can be experimentally demonstrated by plastid transformation leading to the synthesis of proteins with a tag that enables their detection in the nucleus or by fusions with fluoroproteins in different experimental set-ups. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Retrograde signalling from endosymbiotic organelles’.

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