scholarly journals Mapping of fire blight resistance in Malus ×robusta 5 flowers following artificial inoculation

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Peil ◽  
Christine Hübert ◽  
Annette Wensing ◽  
Mary Horner ◽  
Ofere Francis Emeriewen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fire Blight ◽  
Erwinia Amylovora ◽  
Interval Mapping ◽  
Artificial Inoculation ◽  
Blight Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Disease ◽  
Phenotypic Data ◽  
Resistance Qtl ◽  
Common Path ◽  
Major Qtl

Abstract Background Although the most common path of infection for fire blight, a severe bacterial disease on apple, is via host plant flowers, quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for fire blight resistance to date have exclusively been mapped following shoot inoculation. It is not known whether the same mechanism underlies flower and shoot resistance. Results We report the detection of a fire blight resistance QTL following independent artificial inoculation of flowers and shoots on two F1 segregating populations derived from crossing resistant Malus ×robusta 5 (Mr5) with susceptible ‘Idared’ and ‘Royal Gala’ in experimental orchards in Germany and New Zealand, respectively. QTL mapping of phenotypic datasets from artificial flower inoculation of the ‘Idared’ × Mr5 population with Erwinia amylovora over several years, and of the ‘Royal Gala’ × Mr5 population in a single year, revealed a single major QTL controlling floral fire blight resistance on linkage group 3 (LG3) of Mr5. This QTL corresponds to the QTL on LG3 reported previously for the ‘Idared’ × Mr5 and an ‘M9’ × Mr5 population following shoot inoculation in the glasshouse. Interval mapping of phenotypic data from shoot inoculations of subsets from both flower resistance populations re-confirmed that the resistance QTL is in the same position on LG3 of Mr5 as that for flower inoculation. These results provide strong evidence that fire blight resistance in Mr5 is controlled by a major QTL on LG3, independently of the mode of infection, rootstock and environment. Conclusions This study demonstrates for the first time that resistance to fire blight caused by Erwinia amylovora is independent of the mode of inoculation at least in Malus ×robusta 5.

The fire blight resistance QTL of Malus fusca (Mfu10) is affected but not broken down by the highly virulent Canadian Erwinia amylovora strain E2002A

2014 ◽  
Vol 141 (3) ◽  
pp. 631-635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ofere Francis Emeriewen ◽  
Klaus Richter ◽  
Magda-Viola Hanke ◽  
Mickael Malnoy ◽  
Andreas Peil
Keyword(s):  
Fire Blight ◽  
Erwinia Amylovora ◽  
Blight Resistance ◽  
Resistance Qtl ◽  
Highly Virulent

scholarly journals Fire Blight Resistance of Budagovsky 9 Apple Rootstock

Plant Disease ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 385-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole L. Russo ◽  
Terence L. Robinson ◽  
Gennaro Fazio ◽  
Herb S. Aldwinckle
Keyword(s):  
Fire Blight ◽  
Erwinia Amylovora ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
Blight Resistance ◽  
Apple Rootstock ◽  
Apple Rootstocks ◽  
Phenotypic Differences ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Multiple Trials ◽  
High Level

Erwinia amylovora, the causal agent of fire blight, can cause a fatal infection of apple rootstocks known as rootstock blight. Budagovsky 9 (B.9) apple rootstock is reported to be highly susceptible when inoculated with E. amylovora, although results from multiple trials showed that B.9 is resistant to rootstock blight infection in field plantings. Conflicting results could stem from genetic variation in the B.9 population, appearing as phenotypic differences in rootstock material. However, genetic testing, using 23 microsatellite loci, confirmed the clonal uniformity of B.9 in commerce. Variation in growth habit between B.9 rootstocks originating from two nurseries also has been discounted as a source of disease resistance. Instead, results indicate a possible novel resistance phenotype in B.9 rootstock. B.9 rootstock was susceptible to leaf inoculation by E. amylovora, statistically similar to the susceptible rootstock Malling 9 (M.9). Conversely, inoculation assays targeting woody 4- to 5-year-old tissue revealed a high level of resistance in B.9, whereas M.9 remained susceptible. Although the mechanism by which B.9 gains resistance to E. amylovora is unknown, it is reminiscent of age-related resistance, due to an observed gain of resistance in woody rootstock tissue over succulent shoot tissue. Durable fire blight resistance correlated with tissue development could be a valuable tool for rootstock breeders.

scholarly journals Characterization of Serracin P, a Phage-Tail-Like Bacteriocin, and Its Activity against Erwinia amylovora, the Fire Blight Pathogen

2002 ◽  
Vol 68 (11) ◽  
pp. 5704-5710 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdelhamid Jabrane ◽  
Ahmed Sabri ◽  
Philippe Compère ◽  
Philippe Jacques ◽  
Isabel Vandenberghe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fire Blight ◽  
Erwinia Amylovora ◽  
Culture Supernatant ◽  
Bacterial Disease ◽  
Amino Acid Sequence Analysis ◽  
Terminal Amino Acid ◽  
Phage Tail ◽  
Terminal Amino ◽  
Pear Trees

ABSTRACT Serratia plymithicum J7 culture supernatant displayed activity against many pathogenic strains of Erwinia amylovora, the causal agent of the most serious bacterial disease of apple and pear trees, fire blight, and against Klebsiella pneumoniae, Serratia liquefaciens, Serratia marcescens, and Pseudomonas fluorescens. This activity increased significantly upon induction with mitomycin C. A phage-tail-like bacteriocin, named serracin P, was purified from an induced culture supernatant of S. plymithicum J7. It was found to be the only compound involved in the antibacterial activity against sensitive strains. The N-terminal amino acid sequence analysis of the two major subunits (23 and 43 kDa) of serracin P revealed high homology with the Fels-2 prophage of Salmonella enterica, the coliphages P2 and 168, the φCTX prophage of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and a prophage of Yersinia pestis. This strongly suggests a common ancestry for serracin P and these bacteriophages.

scholarly journals Comparison of fire blight resistance screening methodologies

2014 ◽  
Vol 67 ◽  
pp. 145-150
Author(s):  
M.B. Horner ◽  
E.G. Hough ◽  
D.I. Hedderley ◽  
N.M. How ◽  
V.G.M. Bus
Keyword(s):  
Fire Blight ◽  
Erwinia Amylovora ◽  
Resistance Management ◽  
Breeding Programme ◽  
Bacterial Disease ◽  
Resistance Screening ◽  
Major Goal ◽  
Main Mode ◽  
Commercial Cultivars ◽  
Two Measures

Fire blight a bacterial disease caused by Erwinia amylovora is an ongoing problem for pipfruit growers with few control options available Most commercial cultivars and rootstocks are highly susceptible to the disease Breeding of fire blightresistant scions and rootstocks to manage the disease is a major goal of the New Zealand apple breeding programme The main mode of disease establishment is through flowers However the breeding programme currently evaluates disease resistance through shoot inoculations This study compared the degree of resistance in 109 progeny from a Royal Gala times; Malus robusta Robusta 5 family assessed by shoot inoculation and by floral inoculations Results indicate that the two measures of resistance do not correlate well and that different quantitative trait loci may be involved in flower and shoot resistance Management of fire blight through the implementation of resistant cultivars will require resistance screening on both shoot and flower assessments

USING FUNCTIONAL GENOMICS TO IDENTIFY MOLECULAR MARKERS FOR FIRE BLIGHT RESISTANCE (ERWINIA AMYLOVORA) IN APPLE (MALUS)

2009 ◽  
pp. 415-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.L. Norelli ◽  
D.A. Lalli ◽  
C.L. Bassett ◽  
M.E. Wisniewski ◽  
S.E. Gardiner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Functional Genomics ◽  
Fire Blight ◽  
Erwinia Amylovora ◽  
Blight Resistance

Assessing fire blight resistance of new Cotoneaster genotypes inoculated with Erwinia amylovora in the field

2020 ◽  
pp. 239-244
Author(s):  
B.L. Giffei ◽  
R.N. Contreras ◽  
V.O. Stockwell ◽  
J.A. Sisneroz ◽  
S.K. Reid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fire Blight ◽  
Erwinia Amylovora ◽  
Blight Resistance

scholarly journals Transcriptional profile of AvrRpt2EA-mediated resistance and susceptibility response to Erwinia amylovora in apple

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Schröpfer ◽  
Isabelle Vogt ◽  
Giovanni Antonio Lodovico Broggini ◽  
Andreas Dahl ◽  
Klaus Richter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Shock ◽  
Fire Blight ◽  
Erwinia Amylovora ◽  
Bacterial Disease ◽  
Resistance Response ◽  
Heat Shock Transcription Factors ◽  
Induce Resistance ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
Shock Proteins ◽  
Susceptible Response

AbstractMost of the commercial apple cultivars are highly susceptible to fire blight, which is the most devastating bacterial disease affecting pome fruits. Resistance to fire blight is described especially in wild Malus accessions such as M. × robusta 5 (Mr5), but the molecular basis of host resistance response to the pathogen Erwinia amylovora is still largely unknown. The bacterial effector protein AvrRpt2EA was found to be the key determinant of resistance response in Mr5. A wild type E. amylovora strain and the corresponding avrRpt2EA deletion mutant were used for inoculation of Mr5 to induce resistance or susceptible response, respectively. By comparison of the transcriptome of both responses, 211 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. We found that heat-shock response including heat-shock proteins (HSPs) and heat-shock transcription factors (HSFs) are activated in apple specifically in the susceptible response, independent of AvrRpt2EA. Further analysis on the expression progress of 81 DEGs by high-throughput real-time qPCR resulted in the identification of genes that were activated after inoculation with E. amylovora. Hence, a potential role of these genes in the resistance to the pathogen is postulated, including genes coding for enzymes involved in formation of flavonoids and terpenoids, ribosome-inactivating enzymes (RIPs) and a squamosa promoter binding-like (SPL) transcription factor.

EFFICACY OF TRANSMISSION OF FIRE BLIGHT RESISTANCE IN PYRUS

1968 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 231-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. C. Layne ◽  
Catherine H. Bailey ◽  
L. F. Hough
Keyword(s):  
Fire Blight ◽  
Erwinia Amylovora ◽  
Common Species ◽  
The Other ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Screening Procedure ◽  
Blight Resistance ◽  
Quantitative Inheritance ◽  
Segregation Data

An efficient, reproducible seedling-screening procedure was devised that gave almost 100% infection yet differential levels of resistance to Erwinia amylovora. Seedling segregation for resistance to fire blight was studied for 48 separate progenies with segregation data based on 7,462 seedlings. Sources of high, intermediate or low resistance derived from P. ussuriensis, P. serotina or P. communis were compared for ability to transmit resistance to their offspring. P. communis selections that were most efficient in transmitting resistance to their progeny included: Magness, Purdue 80-51, Maxine and Mich. US 437. Similarly, the most efficient sources in the P. ussuriensis group included: Purdue 77-73, NJ 484338262 and NJ 487601174; and the most efficient in the P. serotina group included: Purdue 110-9 and Kieffer. The breeding value of the most efficient P. communis sources was considered to be superior to the other two species sources in view of the larger size and higher quality of fruit associated with P. communis.Continuous distributions rather than discontinuous segregation were obtained with most progenies, regardless of species source or level of resistance. Some distributions were similar to those associated with quantitative inheritance, others were more representative of qualitative inheritance, with dominance of resistance in each case. No consistent type of segregation distribution characterized progenies having a common species source of resistance.

scholarly journals Historical apple cultivars that display high level of resistance to fire blight

2004 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 19-23
Author(s):  
Kása K. ◽  
G. Tóth M. ◽  
Hevesi M.
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Fire Blight ◽  
Erwinia Amylovora ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Blight Resistance ◽  
Multiple Resistance ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
High Level

Following the first outbreak of fire blight caused by the bacterium Erwinia amylovora (Burrill) Winslow et al. in Hungary, we have started research with the aim to screen domestic gene sources, mostly historical Hungarian apple cultivars, for disease resistance as part of an apple breeding program for multiple resistance. The present study was conducted with the aim to choose the most tolerant historical apple cultivars among 25 selected cultivars by screening their behavior towards fire blight under controlled conditions. Six cultivars were shown to be the most disease tolerant: `Batul', 'London pepin', Nemes Sóvári Alma', `Sikulai', `Szemes alma', Wilmos renet'. We evaluated these cultivars by investigating both morphological- characteristics under original environmental circumstances and fruit quality. The cultivars had a remarkable degree of fire blight resistance compared to the control cultivars. These were not competitive with the commercially grown 'Jonathan M40' during cultivar tests but on the basis of certain characteristics they could serve as genetic sources for breeding new varieties.

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