scholarly journals Under fire-simultaneous volatilome and transcriptome analysis unravels fine-scale responses of tansy chemotypes to dual herbivore attack

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary V. Clancy ◽  
Georg Haberer ◽  
Werner Jud ◽  
Bishu Niederbacher ◽  
Simon Niederbacher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
De Novo ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Insect Community ◽  
Aphid Infestation ◽  
Voc Emissions ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Herbivore Attack ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Insect Interactions ◽  
The Individual

Abstract Background Tansy plants (Tanacetum vulgare L.) are known for their high intraspecific chemical variation, especially of volatile organic compounds (VOC) from the terpenoid compound group. These VOCs are closely involved in plant-insect interactions and, when profiled, can be used to classify plants into groups known as chemotypes. Tansy chemotypes have been shown to influence plant-aphid interactions, however, to date no information is available on the response of different tansy chemotypes to simultaneous herbivory by more than one insect species. Results Using a multi-cuvette system, we investigated the responses of five tansy chemotypes to feeding by sucking and/or chewing herbivores (aphids and caterpillars; Metopeurum fuscoviride Stroyan and Spodoptera littoralis Boisduval). Herbivory by caterpillars following aphid infestation led to a plant chemotype-specific change in the patterns of terpenoids stored in trichome hairs and in VOC emissions. The transcriptomic analysis of a plant chemotype represents the first de novo assembly of a transcriptome in tansy and demonstrates priming effects of aphids on a subsequent herbivory. Overall, we show that the five chemotypes do not react in the same way to the two herbivores. As expected, we found that caterpillar feeding increased VOC emissions, however, a priori aphid infestation only led to a further increase in VOC emissions for some chemotypes. Conclusions We were able to show that different chemotypes respond to the double herbivore attack in different ways, and that pre-treatment with aphids had a priming effect on plants when they were subsequently exposed to a chewing herbivore. If neighbouring chemotypes in a field population react differently to herbivory/dual herbivory, this could possibly have effects from the individual level to the group level. Individuals of some chemotypes may respond more efficiently to herbivory stress than others, and in a group environment these “louder” chemotypes may affect the local insect community, including the natural enemies of herbivores, and other neighbouring plants.

scholarly journals Under fire –simultaneous volatilome and transcriptome analysis unravels fine-scale responses of tansy chemotypes to dual herbivore attack

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary V. Clancy ◽  
Georg Haberer ◽  
Werner Jud ◽  
Bishu Niederbacher ◽  
Simon Niederbacher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
De Novo ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Insect Community ◽  
Aphid Infestation ◽  
Voc Emissions ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Herbivore Attack ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Insect Interactions ◽  
The Individual

Abstract BackgroundTansy plants (Tanacetum vulgare L.) are known for their high intraspecific chemical variation, especially of volatile organic compounds (VOC) from the terpenoid compound group. These VOCs are closely involved in plant-insect interactions and, when profiled, can be used to classify plants into groups known as chemotypes. Tansy chemotypes have been shown to influence plant-aphid interactions, however, to date no information is available on the response of different tansy chemotypes to simultaneous herbivory by more than one insect species.ResultsUsing a multi-cuvette system, we investigated the responses of five tansy chemotypes to feeding by sucking and/or chewing herbivores (aphids and caterpillars; Metopeurum fuscoviride Stroyan and Spodoptera littoralis Boisduval). Herbivory by caterpillars following aphid infestation led to a plant chemotype-specific change in the patterns of terpenoids stored in trichome hairs and in VOC emissions. The transcriptomic analysis of a plant chemotype represents the first de novo assembly of a transcriptome in tansy and demonstrates priming effects of aphids on a subsequent herbivory. Overall, we show that the five chemotypes do not react in the same way to the two herbivores. As expected, we found that caterpillar feeding increased VOC emissions, however, a priori aphid infestation only led to a further increase in VOC emissions for some chemotypes.ConclusionsWe were able to show that different chemotypes respond to the double herbivore attack in different ways, and that pre-treatment with aphids had a priming effect on plants when they were subsequently exposed to a chewing herbivore. If neighbouring chemotypes in a field population react differently to herbivory/dual herbivory, this could possibly have effects from the individual level to the group level. Individuals of some chemotypes may respond more efficiently to herbivory stress than others, and in a group environment these "louder" chemotypes may affect the local insect community, including the natural enemies of herbivores, and other neighbouring plants.

scholarly journals Under fire–simultaneous volatilome and transcriptome analysis unravels fine-scale responses of tansy chemotypes to dual herbivore attack.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary V. Clancy ◽  
Georg Haberer ◽  
Werner Jud ◽  
Bishu Niederbacher ◽  
Simon Niederbacher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
De Novo ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Insect Community ◽  
Aphid Infestation ◽  
Voc Emissions ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Herbivore Attack ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Insect Interactions ◽  
The Individual

Abstract BackgroundTansy plants (Tanacetum vulgare L.) are known for their high intraspecific chemical variation, especially of volatile organic compounds (VOC) from the terpenoid compound group. These VOCs are closely involved in plant-insect interactions and, when profiled, can be used to classify plants into groups known as chemotypes. Tansy chemotypes have been shown to influence plant-aphid interactions, however, to date no information is available on the response of different tansy chemotypes to simultaneous herbivory by more than one insect species.ResultsUsing a multi-cuvette system, we investigated the responses of five tansy chemotypes to feeding by sucking and/or chewing herbivores (aphids and caterpillars; Metopeurum fuscoviride Stroyan and Spodoptera littoralis Boisduval). Herbivory by caterpillars following aphid infestation led to a plant chemotype-specific change in the patterns of terpenoids stored in trichome hairs and in VOC emissions. The transcriptomic analysis of a plant chemotype represents the first de novo assembly of a transcriptome in tansy and demonstrates priming effects of aphids on a subsequent herbivory. Overall, we show that the five chemotypes do not react in the same way to the two herbivores. As expected, we found that caterpillar feeding increased VOC emissions, however, a priori aphid infestation only led to a further increase in VOC emissions for some chemotypes.ConclusionsWe were able to show that different chemotypes respond to the double herbivore attack in different ways, and that pre-treatment with aphids had a priming effect on plants when they were subsequently exposed to a chewing herbivore. If neighbouring chemotypes in a field population react differently to herbivory/dual herbivory, this could possibly have effects from the individual level to the group level. Individuals of some chemotypes may respond more efficiently to herbivory stress than others, and in a group environment these "louder" chemotypes may affect the local insect community, including the natural enemies of herbivores, and other neighbouring plants.

scholarly journals Under fire-simultaneous volatilome and transcriptome analysis unravels fine-scale responses of tansy chemotypes to dual herbivore attack.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary V. Clancy ◽  
Georg Haberer ◽  
Werner Jud ◽  
Bishu Niederbacher ◽  
Simon Niederbacher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
De Novo ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Insect Community ◽  
Aphid Infestation ◽  
Voc Emissions ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Herbivore Attack ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Insect Interactions ◽  
The Individual

Abstract BackgroundTansy plants (Tanacetum vulgare L.) are known for their high intraspecific chemical variation, especially of volatile organic compounds (VOC) from the terpenoid compound group. These VOCs are closely involved in plant-insect interactions and, when profiled, can be used to classify plants into groups known as chemotypes. Tansy chemotypes have been shown to influence plant-aphid interactions, however, to date no information is available on the response of different tansy chemotypes to simultaneous herbivory by more than one insect species.ResultsUsing a multi-cuvette system, we investigated the responses of five tansy chemotypes to feeding by sucking and/or chewing herbivores (aphids and caterpillars; Metopeurum fuscoviride Stroyan and Spodoptera littoralis Boisduval). Herbivory by caterpillars following aphid infestation led to a plant chemotype-specific change in the patterns of terpenoids stored in trichome hairs and in VOC emissions. The transcriptomic analysis of a plant chemotype represents the first de novo assembly of a transcriptome in tansy and demonstrates priming effects of aphids on a subsequent herbivory. Overall, we show that the five chemotypes do not react in the same way to the two herbivores. As expected, we found that caterpillar feeding increased VOC emissions, however, a priori aphid infestation only led to a further increase in VOC emissions for some chemotypes.ConclusionsWe were able to show that different chemotypes respond to the double herbivore attack in different ways, and that pre-treatment with aphids had a priming effect on plants when they were subsequently exposed to a chewing herbivore. If neighbouring chemotypes in a field population react differently to herbivory/dual herbivory, this could possibly have effects from the individual level to the group level. Individuals of some chemotypes may respond more efficiently to herbivory stress than others, and in a group environment these "louder" chemotypes may affect the local insect community, including the natural enemies of herbivores, and other neighbouring plants.

scholarly journals Under Fire –simultaneous Volatilome and Transcriptome Analysis Unravels Fine-scale Responses of Tansy Chemotypes to Dual Herbivore Attack

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary V. Clancy ◽  
Georg Haberer ◽  
Werner Jud ◽  
Bishu Niederbacher ◽  
Simon Niederbacher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
De Novo ◽  
Insect Community ◽  
Aphid Infestation ◽  
Voc Emissions ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Group Environment ◽  
Herbivore Attack ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Insect Interactions ◽  
The Individual

Abstract Background Tansy plants (Tanacetum vulgare L.) are known for their high intraspecific chemical variation, especially of volatile organic compounds (VOC) from the terpenoid group of substances. These VOCs are closely involved in plant-insect interactions and, when profiled, can be used to classify plants into groups known as chemotypes. Tansy chemotypes have been shown to influence plant-aphid interactions, however, to date no information is available on the response of different tansy chemotypes to simultaneous herbivory by more than one insect species. Results Using a multi-cuvette system, we investigated the responses of five tansy chemotypes to feeding by sucking and/or chewing herbivores (aphids and caterpillars; Metopeurum fuscoviride Stroyan and Spodoptera littoralis Boisduval). We did not observe any strong changes in plant VOC emissions when exposed to sucking aphids, while polyphagous caterpillars strongly increased VOC emissions for each plant chemotype. Herbivory by caterpillars following aphid infestation led to a plant chemotype-specific change in the patterns of terpenoids stored in trichome hairs and in VOC emissions. The transcriptomic analysis of a plant chemotype represents the first de novo assembly of a transcriptome in tansy and demonstrates priming effects of aphids on a subsequent herbivory. Overall, we show that the five chemotypes do not react in the same way to the two herbivores. As expected, we found that caterpillar feeding increased VOC emissions. However, the previous aphid infestation only led to a further increase in VOC emissions for some chemotypes. Conclusions We were able to show that different chemotypes respond to the double herbivore attack in different ways, and that pre-treatment with aphids had a priming effect on plants when they were subsequently exposed to a chewing herbivore. Our results will be important for the study of chemical communication of plants in nature. If neighbouring chemotypes in a field population react differently to herbivory/dual herbivory, this could possibly have effects from the individual level to the group level. Individuals of some chemotypes may respond more efficiently to herbivory stress than others, and in a group environment these "louder" chemotypes may affect the local insect community, including the natural enemies of herbivores, and other neighbouring plants.

scholarly journals Predicting the duration of sickness absence spells due to back pain: a population-based study from Sweden

2019 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-121
Author(s):  
Annina Ropponen ◽  
Katalin Gémes ◽  
Paolo Frumento ◽  
Gino Almondo ◽  
Matteo Bottai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Back Pain ◽  
Sickness Absence ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Final Model ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Discriminatory Accuracy ◽  
C Statistic ◽  
International Statistical Classification ◽  
The Individual

ObjectivesWe aimed to develop and validate a prediction model for the duration of sickness absence (SA) spells due to back pain (International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision: M54), using Swedish nationwide register microdata.MethodsInformation on all new SA spells >14 days from 1 January 2010 to 30 June 2012 and on possible predictors were obtained. The duration of SA was predicted by using piecewise constant hazard models. Nine predictors were selected for the final model based on a priori decision and log-likelihood loss. The final model was estimated in a random sample of 70% of the SA spells and later validated in the remaining 30%.ResultsOverall, 64 048 SA spells due to back pain were identified during the 2.5 years; 74% lasted ≤90 days, and 9% >365 days. The predictors included in the final model were age, sex, geographical region, employment status, multimorbidity, SA extent at the start of the spell, initiation of SA spell in primary healthcare and number of SA days and specialised outpatient healthcare visits from the preceding year. The overall c-statistic (0.547, 95% CI 0.542 to 0.552) suggested a low discriminatory capacity at the individual level. The c-statistic was 0.643 (95% CI 0.634 to 0.652) to predict >90 days spells, 0.686 (95% CI 0.676 to 0.697) to predict >180 spells and 0.753 (95% CI 0.740 to 0.766) to predict >365 days spells.ConclusionsThe model discriminates SA spells >365 days from shorter SA spells with good discriminatory accuracy.

scholarly journals Role Ambiguity in Sport Teams

2003 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 534-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. Eys ◽  
Albert V. Carron ◽  
Mark R. Beauchamp ◽  
Steven R. Bray
Keyword(s):  
Role Ambiguity ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Operational Definition ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Future Research ◽  
First Year ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Sport Teams ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual

The general purpose of the present study was to examine the nature of role ambiguity in sport teams and to explore the construct validity of the operational definition of role ambiguity developed by Beauchamp, Bray, Eys, and Carron (2002). Role ambiguity was operationalized as a multidimensional construct (Scope of Responsibilities, Behavioral Responsibilities, Evaluation of Performance, and Consequences of Not Fulfilling Responsibilities) that occurs in two contexts, offense and defense. Consistent with the a priori hypothesis, perceptions of role ambiguity exhibited some degree of within-group consistency and group-level variability, but most of the variance in role ambiguity was seen at the individual level. Also, perceptions of role ambiguity decreased from early to late season. Finally, veteran athletes experienced less role ambiguity than first-year athletes at the beginning of the season, but not at the end. Implications of the findings and suggestions for future research are discussed.

Estimation of data adaptive minimal clinically important difference with a nonconvex optimization procedure

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 879-893 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zehua Zhou ◽  
Jiwei Zhao ◽  
Leslie J. Bisson
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Significance ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Optimization Procedure ◽  
Adaptive Method ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Gradient Based ◽  
Data Adaptive ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Important Significance

Understanding the limitation of solely relying on statistical significance, researchers have proposed methods to draw biomedical conclusions based on clinical significance. The minimal clinically important significance is one of the most fundamental concepts to study clinical significance. Based on an anchor question usually available in the patients' reported outcome, Hedayat et al. presented a method to estimate minimal clinically important significance using the classification technique. However, their method implicitly requires that the binary outcome of the anchor question is equally likely, i.e. the balanced outcome assumption. This assumption cannot be guaranteed a priori when one designs the study; hence, it cannot be satisfied in general. In this paper, we propose a data adaptive method, which can overcome this limitation. Compared to Hedayat et al., our method uses a faster gradient based algorithm and adopts a more flexible structure of the minimal clinically important significance at the individual level. We conduct comprehensive simulation studies and apply our method to the chondral lesions and meniscus procedure study to demonstrate its usefulness and also its outperformance.

scholarly journals Mechanism-based Explanations versus Autonomy in the Social Sciences

2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ståle Gundersen
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Social Science ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Social ◽  
Explanatory Depth ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Social Level

Mechanism-based explanations are widely discussed in contemporary social science. A virtue of mechanism-based explanations is that they can tell us how social and psychological factors are related to each other and in addition provide explanatory depth. I will argue against an argument which contends that to describe underlying mechanisms at the individual level do not contribute to improve macro-explanations at the social level. However, the critics of the mechanism approach are right that under certain conditions there can be successful explanations without mentioning underlying mechanisms. Although the mechanism approach is a reductive strategy, it does not entail that the social sciences will lose their descriptively and explanatory autonomy. The debate about reductionism and explanation often take place at an abstract philosophical level, but it is argued that to what extent the mechanism approach will influence the autonomy of the social sciences is an empirical problem and cannot be decided a priori.

Differential Effects of Competence and Morality on Self-Esteem at the Individual and the Collective Level

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 183-198
Author(s):  
Wiktor Soral ◽  
Mirosław Kofta
Keyword(s):  
Self Esteem ◽  
Differential Effects ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Individual

Abstract. The importance of various trait dimensions explaining positive global self-esteem has been the subject of numerous studies. While some have provided support for the importance of agency, others have highlighted the importance of communion. This discrepancy can be explained, if one takes into account that people define and value their self both in individual and in collective terms. Two studies ( N = 367 and N = 263) examined the extent to which competence (an aspect of agency), morality, and sociability (the aspects of communion) promote high self-esteem at the individual and the collective level. In both studies, competence was the strongest predictor of self-esteem at the individual level, whereas morality was the strongest predictor of self-esteem at the collective level.

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